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Bahmanpour A, Ghoreishian SM, Sepahvandi A. Electromagnetic Modulation of Cell Behavior: Unraveling the Positive Impacts in a Comprehensive Review. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8. [PMID: 38652384 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There are numerous effective procedures for cell signaling, in which humans directly transmit detectable signals to cells to govern their essential behaviors. From a biomedical perspective, the cellular response to the combined influence of electrical and magnetic fields holds significant promise in various domains, such as cancer treatment, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, and wound healing. Among these modern cell signaling methods, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) play a pivotal role; however, there remains a paucity of knowledge concerning the effects of EMFs across all wavelengths. It's worth noting that most wavelengths are incompatible with human cells, and as such, this study excludes them from consideration. In this review, we aim to comprehensively explore the most effective and current EMFs, along with their therapeutic impacts on various cell types. Specifically, we delve into the influence of alternating electromagnetic fields (AEMFs) on diverse cell behaviors, encompassing proliferation, differentiation, biomineralization, cell death, and cell migration. Our findings underscore the substantial potential of these pivotal cellular behaviors in advancing the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, AEMFs wield a significant role in the realms of biomaterials and tissue engineering, given their capacity to decisively influence biomaterials, facilitate non-invasive procedures, ensure biocompatibility, and exhibit substantial efficacy. It is worth mentioning that AEMFs often serve as a last-resort treatment option for various diseases. Much about electromagnetic fields remains a mystery to the scientific community, and we have yet to unravel the precise mechanisms through which wavelengths control cellular fate. Consequently, our understanding and knowledge in this domain predominantly stem from repeated experiments yielding similar effects. In the ensuing sections of this article, we delve deeper into our extended experiments and research.
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Cordelli E, Ardoino L, Benassi B, Consales C, Eleuteri P, Marino C, Sciortino M, Villani P, H Brinkworth M, Chen G, P McNamee J, Wood AW, Belackova L, Verbeek J, Pacchierotti F. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on male fertility: A systematic review of experimental studies on non-human mammals and human sperm in vitro. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108509. [PMID: 38492496 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization is coordinating an international project aimed at systematically reviewing the evidence regarding the association between radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure and adverse health effects. Reproductive health outcomes have been identified among the priority topics to be addressed. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of RF-EMF exposure on male fertility of experimental mammals and on human sperm exposed in vitro. METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and EMF Portal) were last searched on September 17, 2022. Two independent reviewers screened the studies, which were considered eligible if met the following criteria: 1) Peer-reviewed publications of sham controlled experimental studies, 2) Non-human male mammals exposed at any stage of development or human sperm exposed in vitro, 3) RF-EMF exposure within the frequency range of 100 kHz-300 GHz, including electromagnetic pulses (EMP), 4) one of the following indicators of reproductive system impairment:Two reviewers extracted study characteristics and outcome data. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) guidelines. We categorized studies into 3 levels of overall RoB: low, some or high concern. We pooled study results in a random effects meta-analysis comparing average exposure to no-exposure and in a dose-response meta-analysis using all exposure doses. For experimental animal studies, we conducted subgroup analyses for species, Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature increase. We grouped studies on human sperm exposed in vitro by the fertility status of sample donors and SAR. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach after excluding studies that were rated as "high concern" for RoB. RESULTS One-hundred and seventeen papers on animal studies and 10 papers on human sperm exposed in vitro were included in this review. Only few studies were rated as "low concern" because most studies were at RoB for exposure and/or outcome assessment. Subgrouping the experimental animal studies by species, SAR, and temperature increase partly accounted for the heterogeneity of individual studies in about one third of the meta-analyses. In no case was it possible to conduct a subgroup analysis of the few human sperm in vitro studies because there were always 1 or more groups including less than 3 studies. Among all the considered endpoints, the meta-analyses of animal studies provided evidence of adverse effects of RF-EMF exposure in all cases but the rate of infertile males and the size of the sired litters. The assessment of certainty according to the GRADE methodology assigned a moderate certainty to the reduction of pregnancy rate and to the evidence of no-effect on litter size, a low certainty to the reduction of sperm count, and a very low certainty to all the other meta-analysis results. Studies on human sperm exposed in vitro indicated a small detrimental effect of RF-EMF exposure on vitality and no-effect on DNA/chromatin alterations. According to GRADE, a very low certainty was attributed to these results. The few studies that used EMP exposure did not show effects on the outcomes. A low to very low certainty was attributed to these results. DISCUSSION Many of the studies examined suffered of severe limitations that led to the attribution of uncertainty to the results of the meta-analyses and did not allow to draw firm conclusions on most of the endpoints. Nevertheless, the associations between RF-EMF exposure and decrease of pregnancy rate and sperm count, to which moderate and low certainty were attributed, are not negligible, also in view of the indications that in Western countries human male fertility potential seems to be progressively declining. It was beyond the scope of our systematic review to determine the shape of the dose-response relationship or to identify a minimum effective exposure level. The subgroup and the dose-response fitting analyses did not show a consistent relationship between the exposure levels and the observed effects. Notably, most studies evaluated RF-EMF exposure levels that were higher than the levels to which human populations are typically exposed, and the limits set in international guidelines. For these reasons we cannot provide suggestions to confirm or reconsider current human exposure limits. Considering the outcomes of this systematic review and taking into account the limitations found in several of the studies, we suggest that further investigations with better characterization of exposure and dosimetry including several exposure levels and blinded outcome assessment were conducted. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION Protocols for the systematic reviews of animal studies and of human sperm in vitro studies were published in Pacchierotti et al., 2021. The former was also registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021227729 https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID = 227729) and the latter in Open Science Framework (OSF Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7MUS3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cordelli
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucia Ardoino
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Benassi
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Consales
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Villani
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Martin H Brinkworth
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Guangdi Chen
- Bioelectromagnetics Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - James P McNamee
- Non-Ionizing Radiation Health Sciences Division, Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrew W Wood
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Lea Belackova
- University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Verbeek
- University Medical Centers Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Cochrane Work, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Division Health Protection Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy.
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Gautam R, Pardhiya S, Nirala JP, Sarsaiya P, Rajamani P. Effects of 4G mobile phone radiation exposure on reproductive, hepatic, renal, and hematological parameters of male Wistar rat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:4384-4399. [PMID: 38102429 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31367-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Mobile phones have become a vital part of human life. Due to drastic increase in the number of mobile phone subscribers, exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from these phones has increased dramatically. Hence, the effect of RFR on humans is an area of concern. This study was performed to determine the impact of 4G mobile phone radiation on the male reproductive system, liver, kidney, and hematological parameters. METHODS Seventy-day-old Wistar rats were exposed to 4G radiation (2350 MHz for 2 h/day for 56 days). Sperm parameters such as sperm count, viability, sperm head morphology, mitochondrial activity, total antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxidation of sperm were evaluated. Histopathology of the testis, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, and kidney was carried out. Complete blood count, liver and kidney function tests, and testosterone hormone analysis were done. RESULTS At the end of the experiment, results showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in sperm viability with alterations in the histology of the liver, kidney, testis, and other reproductive organs in the exposed group of rats. A reduced level of testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and decreased sperm mitochondrial function were also observed in the exposed rats. Moreover, the exposed rats showed an increase in sperm lipid peroxidation and sperm abnormality. Hematological parameters like hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the exposed rats. CONCLUSION The results indicate that chronic exposure to 4G radiation may affect the male reproductive system, hematological system, liver, and kidney of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gautam
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonali Pardhiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jay Prakash Nirala
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanka Sarsaiya
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paulraj Rajamani
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Maluin SM, Osman K, Jaffar FHF, Ibrahim SF. Effect of Radiation Emitted by Wireless Devices on Male Reproductive Hormones: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:732420. [PMID: 34630149 PMCID: PMC8497974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.732420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from various wireless devices has increased dramatically with the advancement of technology. One of the most vulnerable organs to the RF-EMR is the testes. This is due to the fact that testicular tissues are more susceptible to oxidative stress due to a high rate of cell division and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. As a result of extensive cell proliferation, replication errors occur, resulting in DNA fragmentation in the sperm. While high oxygen consumption increases the level of oxidative phosphorylation by-products (free radicals) in the mitochondria. Furthermore, due to its inability to effectively dissipate excess heat, testes are also susceptible to thermal effects from RF-EMR exposure. As a result, people are concerned about its impact on male reproductive function. The aim of this article was to conduct a review of literature on the effects of RF-EMR emitted by wireless devices on male reproductive hormones in experimental animals and humans. According to the findings of the studies, RF-EMR emitted by mobile phones and Wi-Fi devices can cause testosterone reduction. However, the effect on gonadotrophic hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) is inconclusive. These findings were influenced by several factors, which can influence energy absorption and the biological effect of RF-EMR. The effect of RF-EMR in the majority of animal and human studies appeared to be related to the duration of mobile phone use. Thus, limiting the use of wireless devices is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofwatul Mokhtarah Maluin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM), Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Osman
- Centre of Diagnostic Science and Applied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Abstract
In the last decades, the universal use of mobile phones has contributed to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation environmental pollution. The steady growth in mobile phone usage has raised concerns about the effects of phone radiation on male reproductive health. Epidemiological studies report a sharp decline in sperm counts in developing countries, and worldwide with c. 14% of couples having difficulties to conceive, many of which are attributed to a male infertility factor. Environment and lifestyle factors are known to contribute to male infertility. Exposure to heat, radiation, or radioactivity might induce damage to biological tissue organs, including the testis. Given the ubiquitous use of mobile phones, the potential adverse effects of the resulting environmental radiation needs to be elucidated further. It seems to be an apparent relationship between the increased exposure to mobile phone radiofrequency and sperm quality decline, but the evidence is not conclusive. Our review summarizes the evidence concerning the possible adverse effects of cell phone radiation on the male reproductive system, with a focus on sperm quality. Also, we critically analyze the effects of elevated testicular temperature and oxidative stress on male fertility and how these factors could interfere with the physiological activities of the testis.
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Lai YF, Wang HY, Peng RY. Establishment of injury models in studies of biological effects induced by microwave radiation. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:12. [PMID: 33597038 PMCID: PMC7890848 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave radiation has been widely used in various fields, such as communication, industry, medical treatment, and military applications. Microwave radiation may cause injuries to both the structures and functions of various organs, such as the brain, heart, reproductive organs, and endocrine organs, which endanger human health. Therefore, it is both theoretically and clinically important to conduct studies on the biological effects induced by microwave radiation. The successful establishment of injury models is of great importance to the reliability and reproducibility of these studies. In this article, we review the microwave exposure conditions, subjects used to establish injury models, the methods used for the assessment of the injuries, and the indicators implemented to evaluate the success of injury model establishment in studies on biological effects induced by microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Fei Lai
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hao-Yu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Yadav H, Rai U, Singh R. Radiofrequency radiation: A possible threat to male fertility. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 100:90-100. [PMID: 33497741 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiofrequency exposure from man-made sources has increased drastically with the era of advanced technology. People could not escape from such RF radiations as they have become the essential part of our routine life such as Wi-Fi, microwave ovens, TV, mobile phones, etc. Although non-ionizing radiations are less damaging than ionizing radiations but its long term exposure effect cannot be avoided. For fertility to be affected, either there is an alteration in germ cell, or its nourishing environment, and RF affects both the parameters subsequently, leading to infertility. This review with the help of in vitro and in vivo studies shows that RF could change the morphology and physiology of germ cells with affected spermatogenesis, motility and reduced concentration of male gametes. RF also results in genetic and hormonal changes. In addition, the contribution of oxidative stress and protein kinase complex after RFR exposure is also summarized which could also be the possible mechanism for reduction in sperm parameters. Further, some preventative measures are described which could help in reverting the radiofrequency effects on germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Yadav
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Deparment of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110052, India.
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Negi P, Singh R. Association between reproductive health and nonionizing radiation exposure. Electromagn Biol Med 2021; 40:92-102. [PMID: 33471575 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2021.1874973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a decreasing rate of fertility has to be credited to an array of factors such as environmental, health and lifestyle. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the strong exposure to heat and radiations. The most common sources of nonionizing radiations are cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, which may participate to the cause of male infertility. One of the major sources of daily exposure to non-ionizing radiation is mobile phones. A mobile phone is now basically dominating our daily life through better services such as connectivity, smartphone devices. However, the health consequences are linked with their usage are frequently ignored. Constant exposure to non-ionizing radiations produced from a cell phone is one of the possible reasons for growing male infertility. Recently, several studies have shown that cell phone users have altered sperm parameters causing declining reproductive health. Cell phone radiation harms male fertility by affecting the different parameters like sperm motility, sperm count, sperm morphology, semen concentration, morphometric abnormalities, increased oxidative stress along with some hormonal changes. This review is focusing on the prevailing literature from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that non-ionizing exposure negatively affects human male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Negi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi , Ashok Vihar, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Singh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Satyawati College, University of Delhi , Ashok Vihar, Delhi, India
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Sadeghzadeh F, Entezari AA, Behzadian K, Habibi K, Amiri-Tehranizadeh Z, Asoodeh A, Saberi MR, Chamani J. Characterizing the Binding of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I Inhibitory Peptide to Human Hemoglobin: Influence of Electromagnetic Fields. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:1007-1021. [DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200425203636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Drug-protein complexes is one of the crucial factors when analyzing the
pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug because they can affect the excretion, distribution,
metabolism and interaction with target tissues.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction of human hemoglobin (Hb) and
angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory peptide (ACEIP) in the absence and presence of different-
frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF).
Methods:
Various spectroscopic methods like fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet, circular
dichroism and conductometry techniques were applied to investigate Hb-ACEIP interaction in the
absence and presence of EMF.
Result:
The presented spectroscopic studies indicated that EMF changed the interaction between
Hb and ACEIP. The a-helix content of Hb decreased upon binding to ACEIP and conductivity of
the solution enhanced upon binding. Based on Stern-Volmer equations, it could be stated that the
Hb-ACEIP affinity was higher in the presence of EMF.
Conclusion:
It can be concluded that for patients who use the drug to control blood pressure, a
low-frequency electromagnetic field would have a positive effect on the uptake of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Arsalan Entezari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiana Behzadian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kimia Habibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amiri-Tehranizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Saberi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshidkhan Chamani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Jaffar FHF, Osman K, Ismail NH, Chin KY, Ibrahim SF. Adverse Effects of Wi-Fi Radiation on Male Reproductive System: A Systematic Review. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2019; 248:169-179. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.248.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khairul Osman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), UKM Bangi
| | - Nur Hilwani Ismail
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
- School of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
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Abstract
During recent years, an increasing percentage of male infertility has to be attributed to an array of environmental, health and lifestyle factors. Male infertility is likely to be affected by the intense exposure to heat and extreme exposure to pesticides, radiations, radioactivity and other hazardous substances. We are surrounded by several types of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations and both have recognized causative effects on spermatogenesis. Since it is impossible to cover all types of radiation sources and their biological effects under a single title, this review is focusing on radiation deriving from cell phones, laptops, Wi-Fi and microwave ovens, as these are the most common sources of non-ionizing radiations, which may contribute to the cause of infertility by exploring the effect of exposure to radiofrequency radiations on the male fertility pattern. From currently available studies it is clear that radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) have deleterious effects on sperm parameters (like sperm count, morphology, motility), affects the role of kinases in cellular metabolism and the endocrine system, and produces genotoxicity, genomic instability and oxidative stress. This is followed with protective measures for these radiations and future recommendations. The study concludes that the RF-EMF may induce oxidative stress with an increased level of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to infertility. This has been concluded based on available evidences from in vitro and in vivo studies suggesting that RF-EMF exposure negatively affects sperm quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Mail Code X-11, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA
| | - Ralf Henkel
- Department of Medical Bioscience, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville, 7535 South Africa
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12
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Altun G, Deniz ÖG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics in the male and female reproductive systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:700-707. [PMID: 29884548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With current advances in technology, a number of epidemiological and experimental studies have reported a broad range of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms have been proposed as direct causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations in cellular levels can activate voltage-gated calcium channels and lead to the formation of free radicals, protein misfolding and DNA damage. Because rapidly dividing germ cells go through meiosis and mitosis, they are more sensitive to EMF in contrast to other slower-growing cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis and spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the present review also evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the male and female reproductive systems in recent human and animal studies. In this context, experimental and epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile phone radiation on the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are examined in line with current approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ömür Gülsüm Deniz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Kıymet Kübra Yurt
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Devra Davis
- Hadassah Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Isreal and Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey; Environmental Health Trust, 7100 N Rachel Way Unit 6 Eagles Rest, Teton Village, WY 83025, United States
| | - Süleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
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Wei C, Zhang Y, Li R, Wang S, Wang T, Liu J, Liu Z, Wang K, Liu J, Liu X. Terahertz irradiation-induced motility enhancement and intracellular calcium elevation in human sperm in vitro. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:3998-4008. [PMID: 30615720 PMCID: PMC6157776 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.003998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To date, there has been limited evidence to reveal the effect of terahertz radiation on sperm. In this study, semen samples were collected from males who had just finished a prepregnancy computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA). The motility, intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ and DNA integrity of sperm with or without terahertz (0.1 to 3 THz) irradiation at 60 µW/cm2 were assessed. We found that terahertz irradiation for more than 5 minutes significantly increased the progressive motility percentage of sperm, and the DNA integrity was not changed. We also found that the effect of terahertz irradiation on spermatozoa was weakened by reducing the concentration of extracellular calcium ions or by blocking calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kejia Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 2.45 GHz microwave radiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress mediated testicular apoptosis: Involvement of a p53 dependent bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:931-945. [PMID: 29968967 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deleterious effects of MW radiation on the male reproduction are well studied. Previous reports although suggest that 2.45 GHz MW irradiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress adversely affects the male reproductive function but the detailed molecular mechanism occurring behind it has yet to be elucidated. The aim of present study was to investigate the underlying detailed pathway of the testicular apoptosis induced by free radical load and redox imbalance due to 2.45 GHz MW radiation exposure and the degree of severity along with the increased exposure duration. Twelve-week old male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation [continuous-wave (CW) with overall average Power density of 0.0248 mW/cm2 and overall average whole body SAR value of 0.0146 W/kg] for 2 hr/day over a period of 15, 30, and 60 days. Testicular histology, serum testosterone, ROS, NO, MDA level, activity of antioxidant enzymes, expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (p53 and Bax), anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL ), cytochrome-c, inactive/active caspase-3, and uncleaved PARP-1 were evaluated. Findings suggest that 2.45 GHz MW radiation exposure induced testicular redox imbalance not only leads to enhanced testicular apoptosis via p53 dependent Bax-caspase-3 mediated pathway, but also increases the degree of apoptotic severity in a duration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahin
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pal Singh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Shahin S, Singh SP, Chaturvedi CM. 1800 MHz mobile phone irradiation induced oxidative and nitrosative stress leads to p53 dependent Bax mediated testicular apoptosis in mice,
Mus musculus. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7253-7267. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Shahin
- Department of ZoologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Surya P. Singh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antioxidant enzyme system in human population exposed to radiation from mobile towers. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 440:1-9. [PMID: 28819931 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present era, cellular phones have changed the life style of human beings completely and have become an essential part of their lives. The number of cell phones and cell towers are increasing in spite of their disadvantages. These cell towers transmit radiation continuously without any interruption, so people living within 100s of meters from the tower receive 10,000 to 10,000,000 times stronger signal than required for mobile communication. In the present study, we have examined superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation assay, and effect of functional polymorphism of SOD and CAT antioxidant genes against mobile tower-induced oxidative stress in human population. From our results, we have found a significantly lower mean value of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) enzyme activity, catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and a high value of lipid peroxidation assay in exposed as compared to control subjects. Polymorphisms in antioxidant MnSOD and CAT genes significantly contributed to its phenotype. In the current study, a significant association of genetic polymorphism of antioxidant genes with genetic damage has been observed in human population exposed to radiations emitted from mobile towers.
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DING Z, LI J, LI F, MEPHRYAR MM, WU S, ZHANG C, ZENG Y. Vitamin C and Vitamin E Protected B 95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Intermittent 50Hz ELF-EMF Radiation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 46:23-34. [PMID: 28451526 PMCID: PMC5401932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF), mainly emitted by electric transmission lines and household electronic appliances, is becoming a worldwide health risk. It is imperative to investigate the biological impacts of ELF-EMF and to identify products that are resistant to the radiation from 50 Hz ELF-EMF. In this study, we investigated the biological impacts of apoptosis caused by 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and the protective effects of Vit C and Vit E. METHODS We conducted this study in Beijing, China in 2013. B95-8 and Balb/c-3T3 cells were divided into a sham group, an expo group and 3 expo groups in which the cells were preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E. Then, all of the cells were exposed to 50 Hz Power line ELF-EMF and examined for apoptosis. The cells were collected for apoptosis detection after exposure. RESULTS The percent of cells that undergoing apoptosis and preincubated with various concentrations of Vit C and Vit E were significantly lower than in the Expo group. CONCLUSION Vit C and Vit E exert significant protective effects from 50 Hz ELF-EMF radiation. The optimal protective concentrations of Vit C and Vit E are 10 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L, respectively. The protective effect of vitamins was more apparent for Balb/c-3T3 cells than B95-8 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen DING
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Jintao LI
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China,Corresponding Author:
| | - Fan LI
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Mohammadreza Mohammadzad MEPHRYAR
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Shuicai WU
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China,Corresponding Author:
| | - Chen ZHANG
- China Academy of Telecommunication Research of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi ZENG
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, School of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100052, China
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Saygin M, Asci H, Ozmen O, Cankara FN, Dincoglu D, Ilhan I. Impact of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on the testicular inflammatory pathway biomarkers in young rats: The role of gallic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1771-1784. [PMID: 26268881 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate electromagnetic radiation (EMR) transmitted by wireless devices (2.45 GHz), which may cause physiopathological or ultrastructural changes, in the testes of rats. We addressed if the supplemental gallic acid (GA) may reduce these adverse effects. Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Forty eight rats were equally divided into four groups, which were named: Sham, EMR only (EMR, 3 h day-1 for 30 days), EMR + GA (30 mg/kg/daily), and GA (30 mg/kg/daily) groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels increased (p = 0.001 for both) in EMR only group. TOS and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels decreased in GA treated group significantly (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Total antioxidant status (TAS) activities decreased in EMR only group and increased in GA treatment group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). Testosterone and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels decreased in EMR only group, but this was not statistically significant. Testosterone and VEGF levels increased in EMR+GA group, compared with EMR only group (p = 0.002), and also increased in GA group compared with the control and EMR only group (p = 0.044 and p = 0.032, respectively). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) and calcitonin gene releated peptide (CGRP) staining increased in tubules of the testes in EMR only group (p < 0.001 for both) and decreased in tubules of the testes in EMR+GA group (p < 0.001 for all parameters). In EMR only group, most of the tubules contained less spermatozoa, and the spermatozoon counts decreased in tubules of the testes. All these findings and the regenerative reaction, characterized by mitotic activity, increased in seminiferous tubules cells of the testes in EMR+GA group (p < 0.001). Long term EMR exposure resulted in testicular physiopathology via oxidative damage and inflammation. GA may have ameliorative effects on the prepubertal rat testes physiopathology. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1771-1784, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Saygin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Asci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nihan Cankara
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Dilnur Dincoglu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Ilter Ilhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Kumar S, Dey S, Jain S. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields: A possible non-invasive therapeutic tool for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Electromagn Biol Med 2016; 36:88-101. [PMID: 27399648 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2016.1194290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic insults to the spinal cord induce both immediate mechanical damage and subsequent tissue degeneration. The latter involves a range of events namely cellular disturbance, homeostatic imbalance, ionic and neurotransmitters derangement that ultimately result in loss of sensorimotor functions. The targets for improving function after spinal cord injury (SCI) are mainly directed toward limiting these secondary injury events. Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) is a possible non-invasive therapeutic intervention for SCI rehabilitation which has the potential to constrain the secondary injury-induced events. In the present review, we discuss the effects of ELF-EMF on experimental and clinical SCI as well as on biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India.,b W. M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway , NJ , USA
| | - Soumil Dey
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - Suman Jain
- a Department of Physiology , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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Bahaodini A, Owjfard M, Tamadon A, Jafari SM. Low frequency electromagnetic fields long-term exposure effects on testicular histology, sperm quality and testosterone levels of male rats. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Shokri S, Soltani A, Kazemi M, Sardari D, Mofrad FB. Effects of Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) Exposure on Apoptosis, Sperm Parameters and Testicular Histomorphometry in Rats: A Time Course Study. CELL JOURNAL 2015. [PMID: 26199911 PMCID: PMC4503846 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective In today’s world, 2.45-GHz radio-frequency radiation (RFR) from industrial,
scientific, medical, military and domestic applications is the main part of indoor-outdoor
electromagnetic field exposure. Long-term effects of 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi radiation on male
reproductive system was not known completely. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate
the major cause of male infertility during short- and long-term exposure of Wi-Fi radiation.
Materials and Methods This is an animal experimental study, which was conducted in
the Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IRAN, from June to August 2014. Three-month-old male Wistar rats
(n=27) were exposed to the 2.45 GHz radiation in a chamber with two Wi-Fi antennas on
opposite walls. Animals were divided into the three following groups: I. control group (n=9)
including healthy animals without any exposure to the antenna, II. 1-hour group (n=9) exposed to the 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 1 hour per day during two months and III.7-hour
group (n=9) exposed to the 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 7 hours per day during 2 months.
Sperm parameters, caspase-3 concentrations, histomorphometric changes of testis in addition to the apoptotic indexes were evaluated in the exposed and control animals.
Results Both 1-hour and 7-hour groups showed a decrease in sperm parameters in a
time dependent pattern. In parallel, the number of apoptosis-positive cells and caspase-3
activity increased in the seminiferous tubules of exposed rats. The seminal vesicle weight
reduced significantly in both1-hour or 7-hour groups in comparison to the control group.
Conclusion Regarding to the progressive privilege of 2.45 GHz wireless networks in
our environment, we concluded that there should be a major concern regarding the timedependent exposure of whole-body to the higher frequencies of Wi-Fi networks existing in
the vicinity of our living places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Shokri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Aiob Soltani
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kazemi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Dariush Sardari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Babapoor Mofrad
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, Zuo HY, Dong J, Qiao SM, Zou Y, Xiong L, Zhou HM, Yang YF, Peng RY, Hu XJ. Identification of a Novel Rat NR2B Subunit Gene Promoter Region Variant and Its Association with Microwave-Induced Neuron Impairment. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2100-11. [PMID: 25917873 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microwave radiation has been implicated in cognitive dysfunction and neuronal injury in animal models and in human investigations; however, the mechanism of these effects is unclear. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites in the rat GRIN2B promoter region were screened. The associations of these SNPs with microwave-induced rat brain dysfunction and with rat pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cell function were investigated. Wistar rats (n = 160) were exposed to microwave radiation (30 mW/cm(2) for 5 min/day, 5 days/week, over a period of 2 months). Screening of the GRIN2B promoter region revealed a stable C-to-T variant at nucleotide position -217 that was not induced by microwave exposure. The learning and memory ability, amino acid contents in the hippocampus and cerebrospinal fluid, and NR2B expression were then investigated in the different genotypes. Following microwave exposure, NR2B protein expression decreased, while the Glu contents in the hippocampus and CSF increased, and memory impairment was observed in the TT genotype but not the CC and CT genotypes. In PC12 cells, the effects of the T allele were more pronounced than those of the C allele on transcription factor binding ability, transcriptional activity, NR2B mRNA, and protein expression. These effects may be related to the detrimental role of the T allele and the protective role of the C allele in rat brain function and PC12 cells exposed to microwave radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Feng Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Da-Wei Tian
- Vestibular Laboratory, Institute of Aviation Medicine, 28 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100142, China.,Department of Aerospace Medicine Aerospace Biodynamics, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changlexi Road, Xian, 100032, China
| | - Hai-Juan Li
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ya-Bing Gao
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chang-Zhen Wang
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zuo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Ji Dong
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Si-Mo Qiao
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhou
- Radiation Protection, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yue-Feng Yang
- Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Rui-Yun Peng
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Impact of L-carnitine and Selenium Treatment on Testicular Apoptosis in Rats Exposed to 2.45 GHz Microwave Energy. W INDIAN MED J 2015; 64:55-61. [PMID: 26360675 DOI: 10.7727/wimj.2014.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) by wireless devices (2.45 GHz) induces testicular apoptosis. We investigated if supplemental selenium (Se) and L-carnitine may reduce this adverse effect. MATERIAL Twelve-week old male Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Twenty-four rats were equally divided into four groups which were named as: sham group, EMR-only, EMR+L-carnitine (1.5 mg L-carnitine/kg/day) and EMR+Se (1.5 mg Se/kg/-every other day). RESULTS The level of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and -8 were compared and a significant difference was found between the sham and EMR-only groups (p < 0.05), and Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and -8 expressions increased in the EMR-only group. The level of Bcl-2, Bax, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), caspase-3 and -8 were compared and a significant difference was found between the sham and EMR+L-carnitine groups (p < 0.05) and Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α, caspase-3 and -8 expressions increased in the EMR+L-carnitine group. The level of Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α, caspase-3 and -8 were compared and a significant difference was found between the sham and EMR+Se groups (p < 0.05) and Bcl-2, Bax, TNF-α, caspase-3 and -8 expressions increased in the EMR+Se group. When the expression of caspase-8 was compared, a significant difference was found between the EMR-only and EMR+Se groups (p < 0.05). Caspase-8 expression decreased in EMR+Se group compared with EMR-only group. CONCLUSION Electromagnetic radiation exposure resulted in testicular apoptosis in rats, mainly by the intrinsic pathways by down-regulated expression of caspase-8. Reduction in the activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was found higher with selenium administration compared with L-carnitine administration.
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Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in testicular cells of male wistar rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:825-40. [PMID: 25344432 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Serious concerns have been expressed about potential risks of engineered nanoparticles. Regulatory health risk assessment of such particles has become mandatory for the safe use in consumer products and medicines; also, the potential effects on reproduction and fertility are relevant for this risk evaluation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intravenously injected titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs; 21 nm), with special emphasis on reproductive system. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase showed a significant decrease, while significant increase in lipid peroxidase was observed. Our results confirmed the bioaccumulation of TiO2-NPs in testicular cells. In TiO2-NPs-treated animals, various functional and pathological disorders, such as reduced sperm count, increase in caspase-3 (a biomarker of apoptosis), creatine kinase activity, DNA damage, and cell apoptosis were observed. Moreover, the testosterone activity was decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the animals treated with TiO2-NPs as compared with control group animals. It is concluded that TiO2-NPs induce oxidative stress, which produce cytotoxic and genotoxic changes in sperms which may affect the fertilizing potential of spermatozoa.
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Recent Reports of Wi-Fi and Mobile Phone-Induced Radiation on Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Signaling Pathways in Females and Males. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:869-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tas M, Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Cirit U, Yegin K, Seker U, Ozmen MF, Eren LB. Long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phone on testicular tissue and epididymal semen quality. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 33:216-22. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2013.801850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Tas
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Suleyman Dasdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Dicle University
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School of Dicle University
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Umut Cirit
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Korkut Yegin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, RF Electronics and Radar Research Laboratory, Yeditepe University
IstanbulTurkey
| | - Ugur Seker
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Mehmet Ferit Ozmen
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle
DiyarbakirTurkey
| | - Leyla Bilge Eren
- Department of Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle
DiyarbakirTurkey
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Naziroğlu M, Tokat S, Demirci S. Role of melatonin on electromagnetic radiation-induced oxidative stress and Ca2+ signaling molecular pathways in breast cancer. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013. [PMID: 23194197 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.737002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) may increase breast cancer risk by inducing oxidative stress and suppressing the production of melatonin. Aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanisms and risk factors of EMR and oxidative stress-induced breast cancer, to summarize the controlled studies evaluating measures for prevention, and to conclude with evidence-based strategies for prevention. MATERIALS Review of the relevant literature and results from our recent basic studies, as well as critical analyses of published systematic reviews were obtained from the Pubmed and the Science Citation Index. RESULTS It has been proposed that chronic exposure to EMR may increase the risk of breast cancer by suppressing the production of melatonin; this suppression may affect the development of breast cancer either by increasing levels of circulation of estrogen or through over production of free oxygen radicals. Most epidemiological studies have also indicated overall effect of EMR exposure in premenopausal women, particularly for estrogen receptor positive breast tumors. Enhanced voltage-dependent Ca(2+) current and impaired inhibitory G-protein function, and derangement of intracellular organelles with a Ca(2+) buffering effect, such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria have been also shown to contribute to disturbed Ca(2+) signaling in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Melatonin may modulate breast cancer through modulation of enhanced oxidative stress and Ca(2+) influx in cell lines. However, there is not enough evidence on increased risk of breast cancer related to EMR exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Naziroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Kesari KK, Behari J. Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: role of ROS. Electromagn Biol Med 2013; 31:213-22. [PMID: 22897402 DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.700292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phone and infertility is a matter of continuing debate. It is postulated that these radiations may affect the reproduction pattern spell by targeting biochemistry of sperm. In an attempt to expedite the issue, 70 days old Wistar rats (n = 6) were exposed to mobile phone radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 2 h per day for 45 days and data compared with sham exposed (n = 6) group. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the level of testosterone and an increase in caspase-3 activity were found in the RF-exposed animals. Distortions in sperm head and mid piece of sperm mitochondrial sheath were also observed as captured by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In addition, progeny from RF-exposed rats showed significant decreases in number and weight as compared with that of sham-exposed animals. A reduction in testosterone, an increase in caspase-3, and distortion in spermatozoa could be caused by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in animals under mobile phone radiation exposure. Our findings on these biomarkers are clear indications of possible health implications of repeated exposure to mobile phone radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Modulation of wireless (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative toxicity in laryngotracheal mucosa of rat by melatonin. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 270:1695-700. [PMID: 23479077 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-013-2425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that oxidative stress induces larynx cancer, although antioxidants induce modulator role on etiology of the cancer. It is well known that electromagnetic radiation (EMR) induces oxidative stress in different cell systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of melatonin on oxidative stress induced by Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) EMR in laryngotracheal mucosa of rat. For this purpose, 32 male rats were equally categorized into four groups, namely controls, sham controls, EMR-exposed rats, EMR-exposed rats treated with melatonin at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Except for the controls and sham controls, the animals were exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation during 60 min/day for 28 days. The lipid peroxidation levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the radiation-exposed groups than in the control and sham control groups. The lipid peroxidation level in the irradiated animals treated with melatonin was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than in those that were only exposed to Wi-Fi radiation. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was lower in the irradiated-only group relative to control and sham control groups but its activity was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the groups treated with melatonin. The reduced glutathione levels in the mucosa of rat did not change in the four groups. There is an apparent protective effect of melatonin on the Wi-Fi-induced oxidative stress in the laryngotracheal mucosa of rats by inhibition of free radical formation and support of the glutathione peroxidase antioxidant system.
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Taib IS, Budin SB, Ghazali AR, Jayusman PA, Louis SR, Mohamed J. Fenitrothion induced oxidative stress and morphological alterations of sperm and testes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68:93-100. [PMID: 23420164 PMCID: PMC3552468 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(01)oa15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fenitrothion residue is found primarily in soil, water and food products and can lead to a variety of toxic effects on the immune, hepatobiliary and hematological systems. However, the effects of fenitrothion on the male reproductive system remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fenitrothion on the sperm and testes of male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion was administered orally by gavages for 28 consecutive days. Blood sample was obtained by cardiac puncture and dissection of the testes and cauda epididymis was performed to obtain sperm. The effects of fenitrothion on the body and organ weight, biochemical and oxidative stress, sperm characteristics, histology and ultrastructural changes in the testes were evaluated. RESULTS Fenitrothion significantly decreased the body weight gain and weight of the epididymis compared with the control group. Fenitrothion also decreased plasma cholinesterase activity compared with the control group. Fenitrothion altered the sperm characteristics, such as sperm concentration, sperm viability and normal sperm morphology, compared with the control group. Oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, total glutathione and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly increased and superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in the fenitrothion-treated group compared with the control group. The histopathological and ultrastructural examination of the testes of the fenitrothion-treated group revealed alterations corresponding with the biochemical changes compared with the control group. CONCLUSION A 20 mg/kg dose of fenitrothion caused deleterious effects on the sperm and testes of Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izatus Shima Taib
- Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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31
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Kumar S, Behari J, Sisodia R. Influence of electromagnetic fields on reproductive system of male rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 89:147-54. [PMID: 23078358 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.741282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Abstract Purpose: Reports of declining male fertility have renewed interest in the role of environmental and occupational exposures in the etiology of human infertility. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of 10 GHz exposure on the male Wistar rat's reproductive system and to find out the possible causative factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was divided into sham-exposed and exposed groups. Seventy day-old rats were exposed to 10 GHz microwave radiation for 2 h per day for 45 days at power density 0.21 mW/cm(2) and specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.014 W/kg. After the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for the estimation of in vivo chromosomal aberration damage and micronucleus test. Spermatozoa were taken out for estimation of Caspase-3, comet assay, testosterone and electron microscopy and compared with sham-exposed. RESULTS The study of scanning electron microscopic revealed shrinkage of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. Apoptotic bodies were found in exposed group. A flow cytometry examination showed formation of micronuclei body in lymphocytes of exposed group. Comet assay confirmed DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) strand break. Testosterone level was found significantly decreased with the shrinkage of testicular size. CONCLUSIONS 10 GHz field has an injurious effect on fertility potential of male-exposed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Bioelectromagnetic Laboratory, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
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Oksay T, Naziroğlu M, Doğan S, Güzel A, Gümral N, Koşar PA. Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative injury in rat testis induced by wireless (2.45 GHz) devices. Andrologia 2012; 46:65-72. [PMID: 23145464 DOI: 10.1111/and.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless devices have become part of everyday life and mostly located near reproductive organs while they are in use. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of melatonin on oxidative stress-dependent testis injury induced by 2.45-GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR). Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four different groups, namely cage control (A1), sham control (A2), 2.45-GHz EMR (B) and 2.45-GHz EMR+melatonin (C). Group B and C were exposed to 2.45-GHz EMR during 60 min day(-1) for 30 days. Lipid peroxidation levels were higher in Group B than in Group A1 and A2. Melatonin treatment prevented the increase in the lipid peroxidation induced by EMR. Also reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in Group D were higher than that of exposure group. Vitamin A and E concentrations decreased in exposure group, and melatonin prevented the decrease in vitamin E levels. In conclusion, wireless (2.45 GHz) EMR caused oxidative damage in testis by increasing the levels of lipid peroxidation and decreasing in vitamin A and E levels. Melatonin supplementation prevented oxidative damage induced by EMR and also supported the antioxidant redox system in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Oksay
- Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Naziroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - S Doğan
- Department of Biophysics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Güzel
- Department of Urology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - N Gümral
- Department of Physiology, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - P A Koşar
- Department Medical Biology and Genetics, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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33
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Biophysical Evaluation of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Effects on Male Reproductive Pattern. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 65:85-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-012-9414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kumar S, Behari J, Sisodia R. Impact of Microwave at X-Band in the aetiology of male infertility. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 31:223-32. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2012.700293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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35
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Vignola MB, Dávila S, Cremonezzi D, Simes JC, Palma JA, Campana VR. Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and histological assessment of magnetic therapy on experimental myopathy in rats. Electromagn Biol Med 2012; 31:320-32. [DOI: 10.3109/15368378.2011.641706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Vignola
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaArgentina
| | - Soledad Dávila
- Instituto de Investigación Científica de Salud Humana, Universidad Nacional de La RiojaArgentina
| | - David Cremonezzi
- Cátedra de Patología, Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La RiojaArgentina
- I Cátedra de Patología, Hospital Nacional de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaArgentina
| | - Juan C. Simes
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaArgentina
| | - José A. Palma
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaArgentina
| | - Vilma R. Campana
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaArgentina
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Medicina, Universidad Nacional de La RiojaArgentina
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Simsek N, Kaya M, Kara A, Can I, Karadeniz A, Kalkan Y. Effects of melatonin on islet neogenesis and beta cell apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: an immunohistochemical study. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2012; 43:47-57. [PMID: 22541933 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This investigation was carried out to explore the antidiabetic, antiapoptotic and neogenetic effects of melatonin (MLT) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sixty-four male rats were assigned randomly to one of four groups for periods of 21 and 42 d as follows; i) control, ii) MLT, iii) diabetic (DM), and iv) DM + MLT. Immunohistochemical methods were used -with pancreatic tissue to determine the intensity of insulin, caspase-3 and Bcl-x(L) immune reactivities, and new islet formation. In untreated DM rats, BW loss, increased plasma glucose and MLT concentrations, as well as cytoplasmic degranulation and vacuolization were observed. We also observed a marked increase in the number of apoptotic caspase-3 positive cells and a few insulin- positive cells, but not antiapoptotic Bcl-x(L) positive cells. Observations in the DM + MLT-treated group revealed a high intensity of insulin- and antiapoptotic Bcl-x(L) immune reactivities at 21 and 42 d. Moreover, data indicated that MLT may cause beta cell proliferation and that new small islets originate from cells associated with ductal epithelium and from centroacinar cells by day 21. These data indicate that; i) MLT treatment may stimulate neogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic rats, and ii) MLT's antiapoptotic action may increase beta cell differentiation and caspase-3 inactivation or Bcl-x(L) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Simsek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Al-Damegh MA. Rat testicular impairment induced by electromagnetic radiation from a conventional cellular telephone and the protective effects of the antioxidants vitamins C and E. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:785-92. [PMID: 22892924 PMCID: PMC3400170 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(07)14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of electromagnetic radiation from conventional cellular phone use on the oxidant and antioxidant status in rat blood and testicular tissue and determine the possible protective role of vitamins C and E in preventing the detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation on the testes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treatment groups were exposed to an electromagnetic field, electromagnetic field plus vitamin C (40 mg/kg/day) or electromagnetic field plus vitamin E (2.7 mg/kg/day). All groups were exposed to the same electromagnetic frequency for 15, 30, and 60 min daily for two weeks. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the diameter of the seminiferous tubules with a disorganized seminiferous tubule sperm cycle interruption in the electromagnetism-exposed group. The serum and testicular tissue conjugated diene, lipid hydroperoxide, and catalase activities increased 3-fold, whereas the total serum and testicular tissue glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels decreased 3-5 fold in the electromagnetism-exposed animals. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the adverse effect of the generated electromagnetic frequency had a negative impact on testicular architecture and enzymatic activity. This finding also indicated the possible role of vitamins C and E in mitigating the oxidative stress imposed on the testes and restoring normality to the testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Abdullah Al-Damegh
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Onaizah, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Yang L, Hao D, Wang M, Zeng Y, Wu S, Zeng Y. Cellular neoplastic transformation induced by 916 MHz microwave radiation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2012; 32:1039-46. [PMID: 22395787 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-012-9821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There has been growing concern about the possibility of adverse health effects resulting from exposure to microwave radiations, such as those emitted by mobile phones. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular neoplastic transformation effects of electromagnetic fields. 916 MHz continuous microwave was employed in our study to simulate the electromagnetic radiation of mobile phone. NIH/3T3 cells were adopted in our experiment due to their sensitivity to carcinogen or cancer promoter in environment. They were divided randomly into one control group and three microwave groups. The three microwave groups were exposed to 916 MHz EMF for 2 h per day with power density of 10, 50, and 90 w/m(2), respectively, in which 10 w/m(2) was close to intensity near the antenna of mobile phone. The morphology and proliferation of NIH/3T3 cells were examined and furthermore soft agar culture and animal carcinogenesis assay were carried out to determine the neoplastic promotion. Our experiments showed NIH/3T3 cells changed in morphology and proliferation after 5-8 weeks exposure and formed clone in soft agar culture after another 3-4 weeks depending on the exposure intensity. In the animal carcinogenesis study, lumps developed on the back of SCID mice after being inoculated into exposed NIH/3T3 cells for more than 4 weeks. The results indicate that microwave radiation can promote neoplastic transformation of NIH/3T3cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Nazıroğlu M, Çelik Ö, Özgül C, Çiğ B, Doğan S, Bal R, Gümral N, Rodríguez AB, Pariente JA. Melatonin modulates wireless (2.45 GHz)-induced oxidative injury through TRPM2 and voltage gated Ca(2+) channels in brain and dorsal root ganglion in rat. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:683-92. [PMID: 22019785 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the protective effects of melatonin and 2.45 GHz electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on brain and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron antioxidant redox system, Ca(2+) influx, cell viability and electroencephalography (EEG) records in the rat. Thirty two rats were equally divided into four different groups namely group A1: Cage control, group A2: Sham control, group B: 2.45 GHz EMR, group C: 2.45 GHz EMR+melatonin. Groups B and C were exposed to 2.45 GHz EMR during 60 min/day for 30 days. End of the experiments, EEG records and the brain cortex and DRG samples were taken. Lipid peroxidation (LP), cell viability and cytosolic Ca(2+) values in DRG neurons were higher in group B than in groups A1 and A2 although their concentrations were increased by melatonin, 2-aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), diltiazem and verapamil supplementation. Spike numbers of EEG records in group C were lower than in group B. Brain cortex vitamin E concentration was higher in group C than in group B. In conclusion, Melatonin supplementation in DRG neurons and brain seems to have protective effects on the 2.45 GHz-induced increase Ca(2+) influx, EEG records and cell viability of the hormone through TRPM2 and voltage gated Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Medicine Faculty, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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