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Ma YL, Yang Y, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evaluation of spatial memory and anti-fatigue function of long-term supplementation of <i>β</i>-alanine and confirmation through cAMP-PKA and apoptosis pathways in mice. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.53365/efood.k/144395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With an aim to explore the effects of <i>β</i>-alanine (<i>β</i>-A) on spatial memory and fatigue resistance, Kunming mice were treated with different concentrations of β-A (418, 836, and 2090 mg·kg<sup> -1</sup>·day<sup> -1</sup>). After gavage feeding with <i>β</i>-A for 10 weeks, results of the maze and MWM tests showed that <i>β</i>-A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice. After evaluating the fatigue resistance, biochemical parameters (LG, GG, BUN, SOD, and MDA) showed significant differences in the low concentration treatment group compared to control group. Our data demonstrated that the appropriate dose of <i>β</i>-A can alleviate the oxidative stress and muscle fatigue in mice. Subsequently, expression of mRNA of key genes involved in cAMP-PKA pathway (PDE4A, MAPK1, adcy1, cAMP and CREB) was up regulated. Also, expression levels of apoptotic pathway genes were significantly affected as confirmed by qPCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that <i>β</i>-A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice via regulation of cAMP-PKA and apoptotic pathway.
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Taheri P, Mohammadi F, Nazeri M, Zarei MR, Chamani G, Esfahlani MA, Taheri F, Shabani M. Nitric oxide role in anxiety-like behavior, memory and cognitive impairments in animal model of chronic migraine. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05654. [PMID: 33319104 PMCID: PMC7723798 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of cognitive dysfunctions and anxiety and mood disorders has been shown to be higher in migraine patients. Nitric Oxide (NO) is a significant neurotransmitter in the pathophysiology of migraine, anxiety and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the role of NO system in migraine-induced memory impairment and anxiety like behaviors. Nitroglycerin (NTG) was administered to the animals as an animal model of migraine and pretreatment with L-Arginine, L-NAME and saline were implemented to evaluate the role of NO system in possible cognitive impairments in animal model of migraine. Avoidance learning and memory performance, object recognition memory, anxiety-like behavior and motor activity were assessed using a shuttle box apparatus, novel object recognition, elevated plus-maze, and open field tests respectively. The data showed that the injection of nitroglycerin disturbs learning and memory and elicit anxiety like behavior in the animals. L-NAME administration suppressed the observed effect of nitroglycerin on memory and anxiety. Overall, the results indicated that nitric oxide system is implicated in memory impairments and anxiety like behavior in an animal model of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichehr Taheri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, Kerman School of Dentistry, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Nazeri
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zarei
- Department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, Kerman School of Dentistry, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Goli Chamani
- Department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Pain, Kerman School of Dentistry, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Abedini Esfahlani
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Taheri
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Ghotbeddin Z, Basir Z, Jamshidian J, Delfi F. Modulation of behavioral responses and CA1 neuronal death by nitric oxide in the neonatal rat's hypoxia model. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01841. [PMID: 32940009 PMCID: PMC7667332 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal hypoxia leads to cognitive and movement impairments that might persist throughout life. Hypoxia impairs hippocampal blood circulation and metabolism. The exact mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced memory impairment are not fully understood. Nitric oxide (NO) is a key neuromodulator that regulates cerebral blood flow. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the possible role of NO on behavioral and histomorphometric changes in the hippocampus following hypoxia in neonate rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neonate male rats (n = 28) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, hypoxia, hypoxia plus L-NAME (20 mg/kg), and hypoxia plus L-arginine (200 mg/kg). Drugs were injected intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days. Hypoxia was induced by keeping rats in a hypoxic chamber (7% oxygen and 93% nitrogen intensity). Ten to 14 days after hypoxia, behavioral changes were measured using a shuttle box, a rotarod, and an open field test. The histological changes in the hippocampus were measured using H&E and Nissl staining methods. RESULTS Findings showed that hypoxia caused significant atrophy in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the administration of L-NAME decreased the atrophy of the hippocampus in comparison with the hypoxic group. Behavioral results showed that hypoxia impaired memory performance and motor activity responses. Additionally, the administration of L-NAME improved behavioral performance in a significant manner compared with the hypoxic group. CONCLUSIONS Hypoxia damaged the neurons of hippocampal CA1 region and induced memory impairment. The NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, significantly attenuated the negative effects of hypoxia on behavior and observed changes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghotbeddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Basir
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Javad Jamshidian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farideh Delfi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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Cai Y, Huang P, Xie Y. Effects of huperzine A on hippocampal inflammatory response and neurotrophic factors in aged rats after anesthesia. Acta Cir Bras 2020; 34:e201901205. [PMID: 32049185 PMCID: PMC7006372 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190120000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of huperzine A (HupA) on hippocampal inflammatory response and neurotrophic factors in aged rats after anesthesia. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats (20-22 months old) were randomly divided into control, isofluran, and isoflurane+HupA groups; 12 rats in each group. The isoflurane+HupA group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.2 mg/kg of HupA. After 30 min, isoflurane inhalation anesthesia was performed in the isoflurane and isoflurane+HupA groups. After 24 h from anesthesia, Morris water maze experiment and open-field test were performed. Hippocampal inflammatory and neurotrophic factors were determined. RESULTS Compared with isoflurane group, in isofluran+HupA group the escape latency of rats was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the original platform quadrant residence time and traversing times were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the central area residence time was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the hippocampal tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the hippocampal nerve growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HupA may alleviate the cognitive impairment in rats after isoflurane anesthesia by decreasing inflammatory factors and increasing hippocampal neurotrophic factors in hippocampus tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Master, Department of Anesthesiology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China. Design of the study, statistics analysis, final approval
| | - Penghan Huang
- Bachelor, Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Bishan District, Chongqing 402760, China. Acquisition of data, final approval
| | - Yizu Xie
- Bachelor, Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Bishan District, Chongqing 402760, China. Design of the study, critical revision, final approval
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Escalante CG, Mora SQ, Bolaños LN. Hormone replacement therapy reduces lipid oxidation directly at the arterial wall: A possible link to estrogens' cardioprotective effect through atherosclerosis prevention. J Midlife Health 2017; 8:11-16. [PMID: 28458474 PMCID: PMC5367217 DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.201967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The first step in atherosclerosis formation is the ingurgitation of an oxidized low-density lipid (LDL) molecule by a macrophage which then turns into a foam cell within the vascular wall and initiates a cascade of inflammatory responses. Could it be that the potential cardioprotective effect observed in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is modulated by estrogen's capacity to decrease LDL oxidation in the vascular wall and thus decrease atherosclerotic foam cells? Materials and Methods: Thirty-four adult female Wistar rats were divided into three groups. All were double oophorectomized. After recovery, Group 1 received Estradiol Valerate subcutaneous (SC) (2.5 mg/kg/week), Group 2 Estradiol Valerate SC (2.5 mg/kg/week) + Progesterone SC (10 mg/kg/48 h), and Group 3 Placebo SC. After 10 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and a vascular dissection performed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured directly on the vascular extract to determine lipid oxidative levels and HRTs' effect. Renal and hepatic tissue was also studied. Total antioxidant status (TAS) was measured to determine overall oxidative behavior. Results: Vascular MDA levels for Group 1 = 80.80 (±16.8) μmol/ml/g, Group 2 = 107.69 (±24.9) μmol/ml/g, and Group 3 = 140.96 (±32.4) μmol/ml/g. ANOVA (P < 0.05), with a post hoc Bonferroni corrective t-test, showed that both Group 1 and 2 have statistically significant lower levels of MDA than Group 3. Renal tissue showed less oxidative damage in the HRT groups, while hepatic tissue showed an inverse behavior with less lipid oxidation in the placebo group. TAS decreased with oophorectomy in all groups but decreased less in both groups that received HRT compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Conclusion: HRT significantly reduces lipid oxidation directly in the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gómez Escalante
- Department of Gynecology, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Costa Rica, Washington, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
| | - Silvia Quesada Mora
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
| | - Laura Navarro Bolaños
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biochemistry, University of Costa Rica, Washington, USA
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Anaeigoudari A, Shafei MN, Soukhtanloo M, Sadeghnia HR, Reisi P, Nosratabadi R, Behradnia S, Hosseini M. The effects of L-arginine on spatial memory and synaptic plasticity impairments induced by lipopolysaccharide. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:202. [PMID: 26601090 PMCID: PMC4620614 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.166138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An important role of nitric oxide (NO) in neuroinflammation has been suggested. It is also suggested that NO has a critical role in learning and memory. Neuro-inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been reported that deteriorates learning and memory. The effect of L-arginine (LA) as a precursor of NO on LPS-induced spatial learning and memory and neuronal plasticity impairment was evaluated. Materials and Methods: The animals were grouped into: (1) Control, (2) LPS, (3) LA-LPS, and (4) LA. The rats received intraperitoneally LPS (1 mg/kg) 2 h before experiments and LA (200 mg/kg) 30 min before LPS. The animals were examined in Morris water maze (MWM). Long-term potentiation (LTP) from CA1 area of the hippocampus was also assessed by 100 Hz stimulation in the ipsilateral Schaffer collateral pathway. Results: In MWM, time latency and traveled path were higher in LPS group than the control group (P < 0.001) whereas in LA-LPS group they were shorter than LPS group (P < 0.001). The amplitude and slope of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) decreased in LPS group compared to control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) whereas, there was not any significant difference in these parameters between LPS and LA-LPS groups. Conclusion: Administration of LPS impaired spatial memory and synaptic plasticity. Although LA ameliorated deleterious effects of LPS on learning of spatial tasks, it could not restore LPS-induced LTP impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepehr Behradnia
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zabihi H, Hosseini M, Pourganji M, Oryan S, Soukhtanloo M, Niazmand S. The effects of tamoxifen on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized and naïve female rats. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:219. [PMID: 25371876 PMCID: PMC4219215 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.143297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regarding the modulatory effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the actions of estrogen in the present study, the effects of TAM on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized (OVX) and naοve female rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into: (1) Sham, (2) OVX, (3) Sham-tamoxifen (Sham-TAM) and (4) ovariectomized-tamoxifen (OVX-TAM). The animals of the Sham-TAM and OVX-TAM groups were treated by TAM (1 mg/kg; 4 weeks). Results: In Morris water maze, the escape latency in the OVX group was higher than in the Sham group (P < 0.01). The time latency in the animals of OVX-TAM group was lower than that of OVX group (P < 0.01); however, there were no significant differences between the Sham-TAM and Sham groups. In the probe trial, the time spent in target quadrant (Q1) by the animals of OVX group was lower than that of Sham group (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the animals of OVX-TAM group spent more times in target quadrant (Q1) compared with OVX group (P < 0.01). In passive avoidance test, the animals of OVX group had lower latencies to enter the dark compartment compared with the Sham group (P < 0.05). The time latency to enter the dark compartment by animals of OVX-TAM group was higher than in OVX group (P < 0.01). In OVX-TAM group, the total thiol concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde concentration was lower (P < 0.01) than OVX group. Conclusions: These results allow us to propose that TAM enhances learning and memory of OVX rats. The possible mechanism may be due to the protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zabihi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoume Pourganji
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Farrokhi E, Hosseini M, Beheshti F, Vafaee F, Hadjzadeh MAR, Dastgheib SS. Brain Tissues Oxidative Damage as A Possible Mechanism of Deleterious Effects of Propylthiouracil- Induced Hypothyroidism on Learning and Memory in Neonatal and Juvenile Growth in Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2014; 5:285-94. [PMID: 27284393 PMCID: PMC4656934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of brain tissues oxidative damage in learning and memory impairments has been well documented. It is also well known that thyroid hormones have a critical role for the brain functions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of brain tissues oxidative damage as a possible mechanism of deleterious effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) - induced hypothyroidism on learning and memory in neonatal and juvenile growth in rats. METHODS Fourteen pregnant female Wistar rats were kept in separate cages. After delivery, they were randomly divided into two groups including control and PTU. Rats in the control group received normal drinking water, whereas the second group received drinking water supplemented with 0.02% PTU from the first day after delivery through the first two months of the life of offspring (the pups of rats). After 60 days, nine male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM). Then, samples of blood were collected to measure thyroxine. Finally, the brains were removed and total thiol groups and molondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were determined. RESULTS Compared to the control group's offspring, serum thyroxine levels in the PTU group's off spring were significantly low (P<0.001). In MWM, the escape latency and traveled path in the PTU group were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.01- P<0.001). In PTU group, the total thiol concentrations in both cortical and hippocampal tissues were significantly lower and MDA concentrations were higher than control group (P<0.001). DISCUSSION It seems that deleterious effect of hypothyroidism during neonatal and juvenile growth on learning and memory is at least in part due to brain tissues oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Farrokhi
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Mahmoud Hosseini, PhD, Address: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran. Tel.: +98 (511) 8828565 / Fax: +98 (511) 8828564, E-mail:
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vafaee
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mousa Al-Reza Hadjzadeh
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Dastgheib
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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VAFAEE F, HOSSEINI M, SADEGHINIA HR, HADJZADEH MAR, SOUKHTANLOO M, RAHIMI M. The effects of soy extract on spatial learning and memory damage induced by global ischemia in ovariectomised rats. Malays J Med Sci 2014; 21:19-30. [PMID: 25246832 PMCID: PMC4163555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of soy extract on memory as well as the oxidative damage to brain tissue induced by ischemia was investigated in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. METHODS THE RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO: 1) Sham; 2) OVX; 3) Sham‑Ischemia; 4) OVX‑Ischemia; 5) OVX-Ischemia-S 20; and 6) OVX-Ischemia-S 60. The common carotid artery was occluded (30 minutes), and it was then re-perfused. The OVX-Ischemia-S 20 and OVX-Ischemia-S 60 groups received 20 or 60 mg/kg of soy extract for eight weeks before the ischemia. RESULTS The Sham-Ischemia and OVX-Ischemia groups took a longer time to reach the platform while, spent a shorter time in the target quadrant (Q1) than the Sham and OVX. The escape latencies in the OVX-Ischemia-S 20 and OVX-Ischemia-S 60 groups were lower while, time spent in the Q1 was higher than that of the OVX-Ischemia. In the rotarod test, there were no significant differences between the groups. The hippocampal concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the Sham-Ischemia and OVX-Ischemia groups were higher than the Sham and OVX. Pre-treatment by 20 and 60 mg/kg of the extract reduced the MDA. CONCLUSION It is suggested that soy prevents memory impairment and brain tissue oxidative damage due to ischemia in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh VAFAEE
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mahmoud HOSSEINI
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza SADEGHINIA
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mosa Al-reza HADJZADEH
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Mohammad SOUKHTANLOO
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
| | - Motaharah RAHIMI
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Postal Code 9177948564, Iran
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Li LH, Wang ZC, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Ovariectomy results in variable changes in nociception, mood and depression in adult female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94312. [PMID: 24710472 PMCID: PMC3978042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline in the ovarian hormones with menopause may influence somatosensory, cognitive, and affective processing. The present study investigated whether hormonal depletion alters the nociceptive, depressive-like and learning behaviors in experimental rats after ovariectomy (OVX), a common method to deplete animals of their gonadal hormones. OVX rats developed thermal hyperalgesia in proximal and distal tail that was established 2 weeks after OVX and lasted the 7 weeks of the experiment. A robust mechanical allodynia was also occurred at 5 weeks after OVX. In the 5th week after OVX, dilute formalin (5%)-induced nociceptive responses (such as elevating and licking or biting) during the second phase were significantly increased as compared to intact and sham-OVX females. However, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve-induced mechanical allodynia did not differ as hormonal status (e.g. OVX and ovarian intact). Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA), which is believed to reflect the pain-related negative emotion, we further found that OVX significantly attenuated F-CPA scores but did not alter electric foot-shock-induced CPA (S-CPA). In the open field and forced swimming test, there was an increase in depressive-like behaviors in OVX rats. There was no detectable impairment of spatial performance by Morris water maze task in OVX rats up to 5 weeks after surgery. Estrogen replacement retrieved OVX-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors. This is the first study to investigate the impacts of ovarian removal on nociceptive perception, negative emotion, depressive-like behaviors and spatial learning in adult female rats in a uniform and standard way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical Colloge, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment in rats and its possible mechanism. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:438-44. [PMID: 24584756 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Nigella sativa (NS) extract on memory performance and its possible mechanisms in scopolamine (Sco)-induced spatial memory impairment model using Morris water maze test. METHODS Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received saline instead of both NS extract and Sco. The Sco group was treated by saline for two weeks, and was injected by Sco (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before each trail in Morris water maze test. Sco+NS 200 and Sco+NS 400 groups were daily treated by 200 or 400 mg/kg of NS (intraperitoneally) for two weeks, respectively, and were finally injected by Sco 30 min before Morris water maze test. The brains of animals were removed to determine the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress criteria in cortical tissues. RESULTS Time latency and path length in the Sco group were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01), while the Sco+NS 400 group showed a significantly shorter traveled path length and time latency compared with the Sco group (P<0.01). AChE activity in the cortical tissues of the Sco group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01), while AChE activity in the Sco+NS 200 and Sco+NS 400 groups was lower than the Sco group (P<0.01). Following Sco administration, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were increased (P<0.01) in comparison with the control group, while cortical total thiol content decreased (P<0.01). Pretreatment with extracts caused a significant elevation in cortical total thiol content (P<0.01) and reduction in cortical MDA concentration (P<0.01) compared with the Sco group. CONCLUSIONS Hydro-alcoholic extract of NS prevents Sco-induced spatial memory deficits and decreases the AChE activity as well as oxidative stress of brain tissues in rats. Our results support the traditional belief about the beneficial effects of NS in nervous system. Moreover, further investigations are needed for better understanding of this protective effect.
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Karami R, Hosseini M, Khodabandehloo F, Khatami L, Taiarani Z. Different effects of L-arginine on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized female mice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:1016-23. [PMID: 22135151 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The roles of gonadal hormones and nitric oxide (NO) on the analgesic effects of morphine, tolerance to morphine, and their interactions have been widely investigated. In the present study, the effect of L-arginine (an NO precursor) on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice was investigated. METHODS Forty mice were divided into sham and OVX groups. On the first day, a hot plate test ((55±0.2) °C; cut-off 30 s) was carried out as a base record 15 min before injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) and was repeated every 15 min after injection. The sham group was then divided into two subgroups: sham-tolerance-L-arginine (Sham-Tol-LA) and sham-tolerance-saline (Sham-Tol-Sal) which received either L-arginine 50 mg/kg (intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or saline 10 ml/kg (i.p.), respectively, three times in a day for three consecutive days. Morphine tolerance was induced in animals by injecting 30 mg/kg morphine (s.c.) three times/day for three days. This treatment was also used for OVX subgroups. On the fifth day, the hot plate test was repeated. The analgesic effect of morphine was calculated as the maximal percent effect (MPE). The results were compared using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS There was no significant difference in MPE between the OVX and sham groups. The MPEs in both the Sham-Tol-Sal and OVX-Tol-Sal groups were lower than those in both the sham and OVX groups (P<0.01). The MPE in the OVX-Tol-Sal group was greater than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group (P<0.01). The MPE in the Sham-Tol-LA group was higher than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the Sham-Tol-LA and sham groups or between the OVX-Tol-LA and OVX-Tol-Sal groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that repeated administration of morphine causes tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. L-arginine could prevent tolerance to morphine but its effect was different in the presence of ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karami
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Azizi-Malekabadi H, Hosseini M, Saffarzadeh F, Karami R, Khodabandehloo F. Chronic treatment with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, attenuates estradiol-mediated improvement of learning and memory in ovariectomized rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:673-9. [PMID: 21655764 PMCID: PMC3093799 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000400024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of ovarian hormones and nitric oxide in learning and memory has been widely investigated. OBJECTIVE The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N (G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on the ability of estradiol to improve learning in OVX rats using the Morris water maze. METHODS Forty rats were divided into five groups: (1) ovariectomized (OVX), (2) ovariectomized-estradiol (OVX-Est), (3) ovariectomized-L-NAME 10 (OVX-LN 10), (4) ovariectomized-L-NAME 50 (OVX-LN 50) and (5) ovariectomized-estradiol-L-NAME 50 (OVX-Est-LN 50). The animals in the OVX-Est group were treated with a weekly injection of estradiol valerate (2 mg/kg; i.m.). The OVX-LN 10 and OVX-LN 50 groups were treated with daily injections of 10 and 50 mg/kg L-NAME (i.p.), respectively. The animals in the OVX-Est-LN 50 group received a weekly injection of estradiol valerate and a daily injection of 50 mg/kg L-NAME. After 8 weeks, all animals were tested in the Morris water maze. RESULTS The animals in the OVX-Est group had a significantly lower latency in the maze than the OVX group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in latency between the OVX-LN 10 and OVX-LN 50 groups in comparison with the OVX group. The latency in the OVX-Est-LN 50 group was significantly higher than that in the OVX-Est group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION These results show that L-NAME treatment attenuated estradiol-mediated enhancement of spatial learning and memory in OVX rats, but it had no significant effect in OVX rats without estrogen, suggesting an interaction of nitric oxide and estradiol in these specific brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Azizi-Malekabadi
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University, Khuraskan Branch, Isfahan, Iran
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