Adherence to central venous catheter insertion bundle in neonatal and pediatric units

Compliance with central venous catheter infection prevention practices after intervention with simulation

OBJECTIVES

to assess the effect of an educational intervention based on clinical simulation on nursing professionals' compliance with practices to prevent peripherally inserted central venous catheter-associated primary bloodstream infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

METHODS

a quasi-experimental study, with preand post-intervention assessment with a single group. The population consisted of 41 nursing professionals, with 31 observations being made before and after the intervention. Analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics and the McNemar non-parametric test. A significance level of 5% was adopted.

RESULTS

after the intervention, there was an increase in compliance with prevention practices of surgical antisepsis and professional hand hygiene, skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine, waiting for the time of the effect of alcoholic chlorhexidine and compliance with the sterile technique.

CONCLUSIONS

the educational intervention showed an effect on increasing compliance with catheter-associated infection prevention practices.

Peripherally inserted central catheter obstruction in packed red blood cell transfusions in neonates

OBJECTIVES

to estimate incidence and free time of peripherally inserted central catheter obstruction in newborns undergoing red blood cell transfusion in the first 24 hours after the procedure.

METHODS

a longitudinal study, carried out with neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a teaching hospital in Paraná, between January and July 2019. The sample consisted of 46 transfusion events performed in neonates through a peripherally inserted central catheter. Analysis performed according to descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

thirty-one catheters were analyzed, inserted in 24 neonates, through which 46 red blood cell transfusions were performed. Most neonates were male, gestational age <32 weeks, weight <1,500 grams, hospitalized mainly for prematurity. Among the 31 catheters, one (3.2%) presented obstruction after transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

The occurrence of obstructions immediately after transfusion was low and the catheters remained complication free for the next 24 hours.

Knowledge and Practices for Central Line Infection Prevention Among Brazilian Nurses: A Mixed-Methods Study

BACKGROUND

The risk of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increases when preventive guidelines are not adhered to. However, studies have generally been quantitative and aimed at determining the effectiveness of CLABSI prevention bundles. Few studies have used a mixed-methods approach to investigate nursing professionals' knowledge and practices regarding CLABSI prevention.

PURPOSE

To determine nursing professionals' knowledge and practices regarding CLABSI prevention and identify facilitators and barriers to adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit.

METHODS

A mixed-methods approach was used. Nursing professionals answered questionnaires regarding knowledge and practices surrounding CLABSI prevention. Semistructured interviews explored barriers nursing professionals face that hinder adherence to CLABSI preventive practices.

FINDINGS

Nursing professionals had moderate knowledge regarding CLABSI prevention practices. Daily assessment of the continued need for central venous lines (CVLs), hub disinfection before and after handling, and hand hygiene before handling CVLs were practices less adhered to. Interviews revealed barriers to adherence to preventive practices included lack of adequate equipment, resources for hand hygiene, and inadequate physical structure. Increased education and awareness of safe CVL practices and accountability of the entire healthcare team may improve adherence to CLABSI prevention practices. Results of this study reinforce the importance of considering current nursing practices when developing strategies to increase adherence to CLABSI prevention guidelines.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE

Providing continuing education may increase adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies.

IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH

Research is needed to develop strategies aimed at increasing nursing adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies.

Obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica nas transfusões de concentrado de hemácias em neonatos

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar incidência e tempo livre de obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos submetidos à transfusão de hemácias nas primeiras 24 horas após o procedimento. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, realizado com neonatos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal em hospital de ensino do Paraná, entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Amostra foi composta por 46 eventos de transfusões realizadas em neonatos pelo cateter central de inserção periférica. Análise realizada segundo estatística descritiva. Resultados: foram analisados 31 cateteres, inseridos em 24 neonatos, por meio dos quais foram realizadas 46 transfusões de hemácias. A maioria dos neonatos era do sexo masculino, idade gestacional <32 semanas, peso <1.500 gramas, internados principalmente por prematuridade. Dentre os 31 cateteres, um (3,2%) apresentou obstrução após a transfusão. Conclusões: A ocorrência de obstruções imediatamente após transfusão foi baixa e os cateteres permaneceram livres da complicação nas 24h seguintes.

Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Impregnated Catheters for Prevention of Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Multiple Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial-impregnated catheters to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI). However, the RCTs showed contradictory results, the studies were limited in sample size and methodology quality. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to overcome these RCT limitations. Methods: We designed a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing antimicrobial-impregnated and conventional catheters for the prevention of CRBSI. We conducted a detailed search of various databases for RCTs published before November 2019. We calculated mean differences (MDs) and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model. Results: We included five RCTs with a total of 2,294 patients. The incidence of CRBSI between the two groups was 0.50 (95% CI, 0.19-1.27), with evidence of heterogeneity (I ² = 55%). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). On subgroup analysis based on the age of the sample, there was no difference in the rate of CRBSI in the neonatal population [0.42 (95% CI, 0.08-2.27 I ² = 61% p = 0.31] as well as pediatric population [0.45 (95% CI, 0.12-1.67 I ² = 39% p = 0.23]. The summary OR on the incidence of catheter colonization between antimicrobial-impregnated and conventional catheters was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.17-2.35), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I ² = 0%) and a non-significant difference (p = 0.50). Conclusions: To conclude, analysis of a limited number of heterogeneous studies mostly with a small sample indicates that the CRBSI and catheter colonization rates are similar between conventional and antimicrobial-impregnated catheters in the pediatric and neonatal population. There is an urgent need for large-scale RCTs focusing on different antimicrobial-impregnated catheters in these patients to further enhance current evidence.

Central Venous Catheter bundle: professional knowledge and behavior in adult Intensive Care Units

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate knowledge and behavior of professionals in Intensive Care Units regarding the actions recommended in the bundle on preventing central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection.

METHOD

Cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study, conducted in three Intensive Care Units. The data were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire applied to health professionals. The software R 3.3.1 was used for data analysis.

RESULTS

Two-hundred and ninety-two professionals participated. Regarding knowledge, the hand hygiene item presented a higher level both for the insertion (92.46%) and maintenance (97.27%) moments. Usage of chlorhexidine as an antiseptic, followed by alcohol (47.94%) and providing a date for hub or connectors (19.87%) were the least known items. As for behavior, the professionals reported: using always the correct attire for catheter insertion (84.25%), never waiting for the antiseptic to dry before catheter insertion (25.34%) and never cleaning hub or connectors with 70% alcohol (23.86%).

CONCLUSION

Results show that the professionals' knowledge and behavior regarding the central venous catheter bundle present deficiencies, revealing the importance of promoting training programs for this knowledge domain.

COMPLIANCE TO SAFETY BARRIERS IN THE MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION PROCESS IN PEDIATRICS

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the compliance to safety barriers adopted in the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs in Pediatric and Pediatric Intensive Care Units. Method: exploratory, observational descriptive study, conducted with the nursing team of a pediatric intensive care unit and a pediatric clinic of a large public hospital in Belo Horizonte, from August to November 2017. Results: the sample consisted of 334 opportunities to observe the preparation and administration of medications in pediatric patients. Most of the actions were performed by female professionals, nursing technicians and civil servants. The professionals did not perform all the necessary safety barriers in any of the procedures. The hygiene of the preparation site, disinfection of the ampoule, connection, conference of the drug/dose/route administered with the prescription and double checking of the drugs were those that had the lowest compliance. Conclusion: the study highlights the fragility regarding compliance to safety barriers in the preparation and administration of medicines, resulting in a risk to the safety of hospitalized children. Continued education based on good practice is believed to be an important strategy for security.

Insertion of central vascular catheter: adherence to infection prevention bundle

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the compliance of the care process involving insertion of central vascular catheter (CVC) in hemodialysis.

METHOD

Cross-sectional quantitative approach developed at the hemodialysis service of a reference hospital in Sergipe, Brazil. Sample consisting of 1,342 actions evaluated, corresponding to 122 forms for monitoring and control of CVC insertion. Data collection was held from July to December 2016.

RESULTS

The adherence rate to the use of the insertion form was 54.9%. The procedure evaluated achieved 93% overall compliance. Of the 11 specific actions observed, seven (64%) presented 100% compliance. The density of the overall incidence of primary bloodstream infections reduced from 10.6 to 3.1 infections per 1,000 patients/day.

CONCLUSION

Although the observed actions reached specific desired conformities, the use of the checklist was lower than expected. Strategies for monitoring, coaching and educational and organizational actions can contribute to safe care.

Knowledge and behavior of professionals about bundled strategies of central venous catheter

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the factors that influence the knowledge and behavior of professionals of neonatal and pediatric units about bundled strategies of insertion of central venous catheter.

METHOD

This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in one neonatal and one pediatric intensive care units in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from April to July, 2016. The sample consisted of 255 professionals who answered a structured instrument. Descriptive and comparative analyses were made using the SPSS software.

RESULTS

The category nursing professional (p = 0.010), working hours of 12×36 scale (p < 0.001), training as a form of acquiring knowledge (p < 0.001) and participation in training programs (p < 0.001) are associated to greater knowledge about the bundle. Regarding behavior, no significant associations were observed.

CONCLUSION

The study showed that there are factors that influence the knowledge about bundled strategies of insertion of central venous catheter, reflecting the need to consider these practices for making more effective educational practices in health care.