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Domeisen Benedetti F, Hechinger M, Fringer A. Self-Assessment Instruments for Supporting Family Caregivers: An Integrative Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1016. [PMID: 38786426 PMCID: PMC11120749 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Family caregivers take on a variety of tasks when caring for relatives in need of care. Depending on the situation and the intensity of care, they may experience multidimensional burdens, such as physical, psychological, social, or financial stress. The aim of the present study was to identify and appraise self-assessment instruments (SAIs) that capture the dimensions of family caregivers' burdens and that support family caregivers in easily identifying their caregiving role, activities, burden, and needs. We performed an integrative review with a broad-based strategy. A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Google, and mobile app stores in March 2020. After screening the records based on the eligibility criteria, we appraised the tools we found for their usefulness for family care and nursing practice. From a total of 2654 hits, 45 suitable SAIs from 274 records were identified and analyzed in this way. Finally, nine SAIs were identified and analyzed in detail based on further criteria such as their psychometric properties, advantages, and disadvantages. They are presented in multi-page vignettes with additional information for healthcare professionals. These SAIs have proven useful in assessing the dimensions of caregiver burden and can be recommended for application in family care and nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franzisca Domeisen Benedetti
- School of Health Professions, Institute of Nursing, ZHAW—Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Katharina-Sulzer-Platz 9, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland (A.F.)
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Yoshino H, Takechi H. How patients with dementia influence caregiver burden using the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System-21 items (DASC-21) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:157-163. [PMID: 36428085 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a disease that is frequently associated with significant caregiving burden. The present study was conducted on patients with dementia in order to investigate the causes of caregiver burden using the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community-based Integrated Care System-21 items (DASC-21) and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). METHODS The study subjects consisted of 206 elderly patients (mean age: 80.9 ± 5.9 years) with dementia in an outpatient clinic. Current age, gender, type of dementia, Mini-Mental State Examination, Hasegawa Dementia Scale-Revised, Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the DASC-21 were investigated. Caregiver burden was assessed by using the ZBI. Behavioural and Psychological Symptom of Dementia (BPSD) were evaluated by using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Simple regression analysis for the ZBI was performed with respective risk factors as independent variables. Thereafter, multiple regression analysis was performed. RESULTS The mean ZBI score was 28.0 ± 18.1, whereas mean DASC-21 score was 44.4 ± 13.2. Simple regression analysis for the ZBI was performed with respective risk factors as independent variables. The DASC-21 (P < 0.001), CDR (P < 0.001), NPI (P < 0.001), and GDS (P = 0.034) were significantly associated with the ZBI. For each item of the DASC-21, Memory (P < 0.001), Orientation (P < 0.001), Solving issues/Common sense (P < 0.001), Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) outside the home (P < 0.001), IADL inside the home (P < 0.001), Physical ADL① (P < 0.001) and Physical ADL② (P = 0.014) were also significantly associated with the ZBI. To find the independent association of the ZBI, multiple regression analysis was performed. The results showed that DASC-21 (P < 0.001) and NPI (P < 0.001) had significant correlation. For each item of the DASC-21, Memory (P = 0.014) and Solving issues/Common sense (P < 0.001) were also shown to have significant correlation. CONCLUSIONS Both BPSD, cognition and IADL have affected caregiver burden. The DASC-21 is useful for determining the causes of caregiver burden of dementia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yoshino
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake City, Japan
| | - Hajime Takechi
- Department of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake City, Japan
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Dos Santos GD, Forlenza OV, Ladeira RB, Aprahamian I, Almeida JG, Lafer B, Nunes PV. Caregiver burden in older adults with bipolar disorder: relationship to functionality and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Psychogeriatrics 2017; 17:317-323. [PMID: 28130857 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few studies addressing caregivers of bipolar disorder (BD) patients, especially patients who are older adults with an increased need for care, often given by a relative. The aim of this study was to describe which factors increase caregiver burden among caregivers of elderly BD outpatients. METHODS Patients were older than 60 years and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, criteria for BD. They were evaluated for current mood, cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms, functionality, medical comorbidities, quality of life, years since BD diagnosis, and number of psychiatric admissions. The caregiver who spent the greatest time with each patient was evaluated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. The caregivers' global health, mood symptoms, quality of life, and tasks performed for the patient were also assessed. RESULTS Thirty-six BD patients and their caregivers were assessed. The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was positively correlated with patients' neuropsychiatric symptoms (r = 0.508, P = 0.002) and functional impairment (r = 0.466, P = 0.004). The Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview was also correlated with caregivers' own depression (r = 0.576, P < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.360, P = 0.031), quality of life (r = -0.406, P = 0.014), medical comorbidities (r = 0.387, P = 0.020), and number of tasks that they completed for the patient (r = 0.480, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS In this group of elderly BD patients, caregiver burden was more associated with symptoms frequently seen in others diseases as in dementia than with depressive, manic, or anxiety symptoms, which are often used as treatment outcomes measures goals in BD. Potential treatable and modifiable factors associated with caregiver burden could be caregivers' depression, anxiety, and medical comorbidities, as well as support for caregivers in terms of services and social relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda D Dos Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Orestes V Forlenza
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo B Ladeira
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jouce G Almeida
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beny Lafer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula V Nunes
- Faculty of Medicine, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Storti LB, Quintino DT, Silva NM, Kusumota L, Marques S. Neuropsychiatric symptoms of the elderly with Alzheimer's disease and the family caregivers' distress. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2016; 24:e2751. [PMID: 27533264 PMCID: PMC4996083 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.0580.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the relationship between the distress of the family caregiver and the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia. METHOD a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the Geriatric and Dementias Clinic of a general tertiary hospital, with 96 elderly people with Alzheimer's disease or mixed dementia and their family caregivers. Questionnaires to characterize the elderly and caregivers, and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory were used. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation test were performed. RESULTS 68.7% of the elderly were women, average age 80.8 years, 56.2% had Alzheimer's disease and 43.7%, mixed dementia. Among caregivers, 90.6% were women, average age 56, 70.8% took care of parents and 64.6% lived with the elderly. There was a strong (r = 0.82) and significant (p <0.01) correlation between the total score on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and the total score on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Distress and strong (r = 0.80) and significant (p <0 01) correlation between the total score on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Distress and the number of neuropsychiatric symptoms, i.e., the higher the number, frequency and severity of these symptoms in the elderly, the more intense is the caregiver distress. CONCLUSION the presence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly was related to increased distress in caregivers. OBJETIVO analisar a relação entre o desgaste do cuidador familiar e a presença de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos em idosos com doença de Alzheimer ou demência mista. MÉTODO estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado no Ambulatório de Geriatria e Demências de um Hospital Geral Terciário, com 96 idosos com doença de Alzheimer ou demência mista e seus cuidadores familiares. Foram utilizados o questionário para caracterização dos idosos e cuidadores e o Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico. Foram realizadas estatísticas descritivas e o teste de correlação de Pearson. RESULTADOS 68,7% dos idosos eram mulheres, média de idade 80,8 anos, 56,2% possuíam doença de Alzheimer e 43,7%, demência mista. Dos cuidadores, 90,6% eram mulheres, média de idade 56 anos, 70,8% cuidavam do pai/mãe e 64,6% moravam com o idoso. Houve correlação forte (r=0,82) e significativa (p<0,01) entre o escore total do Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico e o escore total do Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico Desgaste e correlação forte (r=0,80) e significativa (p<0,01) entre o escore total do Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico Desgaste e o número de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos, ou seja, quanto maiores o número, a frequência e a gravidade destes sintomas nos idosos maior é o desgaste do cuidador. CONCLUSÃO a presença dos sintomas neuropsiquiátricos nos idosos apresentou relação com maior desgaste nos cuidadores. OBJETIVO analizar la relación entre el desgaste del cuidador familiar y la presencia de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en pacientes ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer o demencia mixta. MÉTODO estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en la clínica de Geriatría y Demencias de un hospital general terciario, con 96 ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer o demencia mixta y sus cuidadores familiares. Se utilizaron cuestionarios para caracterizar los ancianos y cuidadores y el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y prueba de correlación de Pearson. RESULTADOS el 68,7% de los ancianos eran mujeres, con una edad promedio de 80,8 años, el 56,2% tenían enfermedad de Alzheimer y el 43,7%, demencia mixta. Entre los cuidadores, el 90,6% eran mujeres, con una media de 56 años, el 70,8% se hacía cargo del padre / madre y el 64,6% vivía con los ancianos. Hubo una fuerte (r = 0,82) y significativa (p <0,01) correlación entre la puntuación total en el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico y la puntuación total en el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico-Desgaste y fuerte correlación (r = 0,80) y significativa (p <0 01) entre la puntuación total en el Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico-Desgaste y el número de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos, es decir, cuanto mayor sea el número, la frecuencia y la severidad de estos síntomas en los ancianos, mayor es el desgaste del cuidador. CONCLUSIÓN la presencia de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en los ancianos estaban relacionados con un mayor desgaste en los cuidadores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Baldin Storti
- RN, Master's Student, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research
Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Teles Quintino
- Undergraduate student in Nursing, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão
Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research
Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Michelato Silva
- Psychologist, Master's Student, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto,
Universidade de São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research
Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Kusumota
- PhD, Professor, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sueli Marques
- PhD, Professor, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão
Preto, SP, Brazil
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Measuring the impact of informal elderly caregiving: a systematic review of tools. Qual Life Res 2015; 25:1059-92. [PMID: 26475138 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To classify and identify the main characteristics of the tools used in practice to assess the impact of elderly caregiving on the informal carers' life. METHODS A systematic review of literature was performed searching in Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, IBECS, LILACS, SiiS, SSCI and Cochrane Library from 2009 to 2013 in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French, and in reference lists of included papers. RESULTS The review included 79 studies, among them several in languages other than English. Their inclusion increased the variety of identified tools to measure this impact (n = 93) and allowed a wider analysis of their geographical use. While confirming their overlapping nature, instruments were classified according to the degree of integration of dimensions they evaluated and their specificity to the caregiving process: caregiver burden (n = 20), quality of life and well-being (n = 11), management and coping (n = 21), emotional and mental health (n = 29), psychosocial impact (n = 10), physical health and healthy habits (n = 2), and other measures. A high use in practice of tools not validated yet and not caregiver-specific was identified. CONCLUSIONS The great variety and characteristics of instruments identified in this review confirm the complexity and multidimensionality of the effects of elderly caregiving on the informal carer's life and explain the difficulties to assess these effects in practice. According to the classification provided, caregiver burden and emotional and mental health are the most evaluated dimensions. However, further work is required to develop integrated and caregiving focused procedures that can appraise this complexity across different countries and cultures.
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Folquitto JC, Marques RDCG, Tatsch MF, Bottino CMDC. Correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden in a population-based sample from São Paulo, Brazil: a preliminary report. Dement Neuropsychol 2013; 7:258-262. [PMID: 29213848 PMCID: PMC5619196 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden are highly prevalent in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD).OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden in a community-based sample from São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS A total of 1,563 randomly-selected subjects were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination, Fuld Object Memory Evaluation, Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and Bayer - Activities of Daily Living Scale. Subjects considered screen-positives were submitted to a dementia workup and diagnosis was determined according to ICD-10 criteria. The neuropsychiatric Inventory was applied to caregivers to evaluate neuropsychiatric symptoms and the Zarit Burden Interview was also applied to assess caregivers' burden. RESULTS Sixty-one AD patients, 25 Cognitively Impaired Non Demented (CIND) and 79 healthy elderly subjects were evaluated. Zarit mean scores for controls, CIND and AD were 2.32, 3.92 and 20.11, respectively. There was strong positive correlation between total NPI and Zarit scores. CONCLUSION In conclusion, neuropsychiatric symptoms showed a significant association with higher rates of caregiver stress.
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Gratao ACM, Vendrúscolo TRP, Talmelli LFDS, Figueiredo LC, Santos JLF, Rodrigues RAP. Sobrecarga e desconforto emocional em cuidadores de idosos. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-07072012000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A finalidade deste estudo foi descrever a sobrecarga e o desconforto emocional dos cuidadores de idosos. Estudo epidemiológico e transversal conduzido em 2009 com 124 cuidadores residentes na comunidade de Ribeirão Preto-SP, por meio dos instrumentos: Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit e Self-Reporting Questionaire (SRQ-20) para o cuidador. A análise dos dados foi realizada no aplicativo SPSS, 15.0, de forma descritiva, univariada (tabelas de frequência) e bivariada (tabelas de contingência para variáveis qualitativas). Os cuidadores, 85,6% do sexo feminino, média de 56,5 anos, utilizaram, em média, 12,4 horas diárias para o cuidar e 57,6% dos cuidadores apresentaram de leve a moderada sobrecarga. Dependência funcional do idoso, sexo do cuidador e tempo em horas para o cuidado, foram preditores da sobrecarga (p<0,05). Encontrou-se, também, que a sobrecarga é fator de risco para desconforto emocional (p<0,05). Cabe aos enfermeiros utilizarem protocolos de avaliação, com base nos fatores de risco, para prevenir a sobrecarga.
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Gaioli CCLDO, Furegato ARF, Santos JLF. Perfil de cuidadores de idosos com doença de Alzheimer associado à resiliência. TEXTO & CONTEXTO ENFERMAGEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-07072012000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estudo exploratório-descritivo que objetivou descrever variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde dos cuidadores de idosos com Alzheimer, associando os cuidados realizados à resiliência. Participaram do estudo 101 cuidadores, maiores de 18 anos, que acompanhavam os idosos em unidade básica e em hospital público, no ano 2009. Foram aplicados questionários para perfil, Inventário de Depressão de Beck e Escala de Resiliência. Realizada análise estatística dos dados. A maioria dos cuidadores eram mulheres, sem depressão, recebia ajuda de outras pessoas para cuidar e possuía alto grau de resiliência. Houve associação significativa da resiliência com as variáveis: grau de parentesco, tratamento médico, uso de medicamentos, cansaço, esgotamento, desânimo e saúde mental do cuidador. Saúde física foi associada, significativamente, à experiência no cuidado, sendo que 82 idosos tinham prejuízos cognitivos graves. O idoso no contexto familiar pode ser beneficiado quando o cuidador é mais resiliente.
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Gratao ACM, Talmelli LFDS, Haas VJ, Marques S, Kusumota L, Rodrigues RAP. Assessment of caregiver burden with elderly having cognitive deficit. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-21002012000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the elderly with cognitive déficit, and family caregivers who live in the urban communit,y and to identify the caregiver burden. METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study, conducted between January and July 2009. Seventy elderly (aged 65 and older) were assessed for cognitive deficit using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); their 70 caregivers were evaluated by the Zarit Burden Scale (ZBS) and the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ). The data were entered and validated by double entry in the MS Excel Program, and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 15.0. RESULTS: Of the caregivers, 47.1% were children. We obtained a mean for the ZBS of 30.3 (± 17.3) and 6.2 (± 3.2) for the SRQ, p <0.05, correlating lower scores of the MMSE with high scores on ZBS and SRQ. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive deficit of the elderly was a predictive factor for burden and emotional distress of caregivers. Knowing the reduction of cognitive capacity related to caregiver burden is essential for preserving caregiver health.
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Kochhann R, Borba E, Cerveira MO, Onyszko D, de Jesus A, Forster L, Franciscatto L, Godinho C, Camozzato AL, Chaves MLF. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as the main determinant of caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease. Dement Neuropsychol 2011; 5:203-208. [PMID: 29213745 PMCID: PMC5619480 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642011dn05030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregiver burden is common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), decreasing the quality of
life among caregivers and patients. Projections of aging and aging-related
diseases such as AD in developing countries justify additional data about this
issue because people living in these countries have shown similarly high levels
of caregiver strain as in the developed world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kochhann
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Ericksen Borba
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Otília Cerveira
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Diego Onyszko
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Alyne de Jesus
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Forster
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Luisa Franciscatto
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Godinho
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Camozzato
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department and Health Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFCSPA School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Lorena F Chaves
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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Stella F, Canonici AP, Gobbi S, Galduroz RFS, Cação JDC, Gobbi LTB. Attenuation of neuropsychiatric symptoms and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease by motor intervention: a controlled trial. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2011; 66:1353-60. [PMID: 21915483 PMCID: PMC3161211 DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322011000800008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effects of motor intervention on the neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and on the caregivers' burden. DESIGN This is a controlled trial evaluating the effects of a motor intervention program on the neuropsychiatric symptoms. SETTING The intervention was performed on community patients from two university centers specializing in physical exercise for the elderly. SUBJECTS Patients with Alzheimer's disease were divided into two groups: sixteen received the motor intervention and sixteen controls (five controls were excluded because of clinical intercurrences). INTERVENTIONS Aerobic exercises (flexibility, strength, and agility) and functional balance exercises were conducted over six months for 60 minutes three times per week. MAIN MEASURES Psychopathological features of patients were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Caregivers were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Distress and Burden Interview. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to observe interactions (pre- vs. post-intervention; participants vs. controls). RESULTS Patients from the intervention presented a significant reduction in neuropsychiatric conditions when compared to controls (Neuropsychiatric Inventory: F: 11.12; p = 0.01; Cornell Depression scale: F: 11.97; p = 0.01). The burden and stress of caregivers responsible for patients who participated in the intervention significantly decreased when compared to caregivers responsible for controls (Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Distress: F: 9.37; p = 0.01; Burden Interview: F: 11.28; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise was associated with a reduction in the neuropsychiatric symptoms and contributed to attenuate the caregivers' burden. However, the researchers were not blinded to the patient's intervention status, which constitutes an important limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florindo Stella
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Biosciences Institute, Aging and Physical Activity Laboratory, Campus of Rio Claro/SP, Brazil.
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Diel L, Forster LMK, Kochhann R, Chaves MLF. Sociodemographic profile and level of burden of dementia patients' caregivers who participate in a support group. Dement Neuropsychol 2010; 4:232-237. [PMID: 29213691 PMCID: PMC5619294 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-57642010dn40300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian Alzheimer's Association recommend the dementia patient's caregiver to attend group meetings which aim to give information and enable them to express and share feelings with individuals who are facing similar difficulties. Objectives To identify the sociodemographic profile of the individuals who attend the Support Group for Family Members of Individuals with Alzheimer's disease at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, and to verify the degree of burden associated to the care given to this kind of patient. Methods Forty-eight participants were sub-divided into two groups: 23 non-caregivers and 25 caregivers. All participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, and the caregivers also answered the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Student's t test was used for comparison of parametric data, and Chi-square test for categorical data between caregivers and non-caregivers. Spearman's rho correlation analysis was performed for the ZBI and the studied variables. Results Participants were predominantly women. Only age differentiated one subgroup from the other. The mean score on the ZBI was 35.1 (14.7), and most of the caregivers presented up to moderate burden. Conclusions Women attended the Support Group either as caregiver or non-caregiver. The level of burden among caregivers of high educational attainment was relatively high besides the short time as caregiver (up to a year).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusiêni Diel
- Developmental Psychology Post-Graduate Course, UFRGS, Psychology Institute, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia M K Forster
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Kochhann
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Medical Sciences Post-Graduate Course, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Márcia Lorena Fagundes Chaves
- Dementia Clinic, Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.,Internal Medicine Department, UFRGS School of Medicine, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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