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Pellinger TK, Emhoff CAW. Skeletal Muscle Hyperemia: A Potential Bridge Between Post-exercise Hypotension and Glucose Regulation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821919. [PMID: 35173625 PMCID: PMC8841576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the hemodynamic response to regular physical activity is important for regulating blood glucose, protecting vascular function, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to these benefits of regular physical activity, evidence suggests even a single bout of dynamic exercise promotes increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity during the acute recovery period. Importantly, post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which is defined as a sustained reduction in arterial pressure following a single bout of exercise, appears to be blunted in those with T2D compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. In this short review, we describe research that suggests the sustained post-exercise vasodilation often observed in PEH may sub-serve glycemic regulation following exercise in both healthy individuals and those with T2D. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of enhanced perfusion, both macrovascular and microvascular, and glucose flux following exercise. Finally, we propose future research directions to enhance our understanding of the relationship between post-exercise hemodynamics and glucose regulation in healthy individuals and in those with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Pellinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Pellinger,
| | - Chi-An W. Emhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Rodrigues B, da Silva Aguiar S, de Oliveira Gonçalves I, Asano RY, Irigoyen MC, Feriani DJ, Uchida MC. Low blood pressure is sustained during subsequent activities of daily living performed after power training in older women. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:454-463. [PMID: 29114513 PMCID: PMC5667625 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734988.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of a prior session of power training on blood pressure values during tasks that mimic the activities of daily living in hypertensive and normotensive older women. A randomized crossover experimental design was used for this study. Eleven older women (age, 66.1±1.2 years; body mass index, 26.7±4.8 kg/m2; systolic blood pressure, 133.9±23.4 mmHg) were recruited to participate. Volunteers were randomly underwent to a single session of physical exercise equalized by training volume, characterized by 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 8 different exercises. However, Power training session was performed at a higher intensity (moderate) than Sham session (rest/very, very easy ). Immediately after the end of the exercise session, subjects were assigned to perform five tasks that mimic the activities of daily living. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and immediately after the session of physical exercise, as well as in the end of each of the tasks. Results demonstrated significant elevations in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure values during the performance of the tasks after the Sham session. However, values were not altered in the power training session. Data of the present study indicate that an acute session of power training can maintain blood pressure values lower during the subsequent performance of tasks that mimic activities of daily living in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ivan de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Community Center for Older People of Poá, Poá, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Jardim Feriani
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Asano RY, Sales MM, Browne RAV, Moraes JFVN, Coelho Júnior HJ, Moraes MR, Simões HG. Acute effects of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes: A review. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:659-665. [PMID: 25317243 PMCID: PMC4138589 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has shown the efficiency of exercise in the control of type 2 diabetes (T2D), being suggested as one of the best kinds of non-pharmacological treatments for its population. Thus, the scientific production related to this phenomenon has growing exponentially. However, despite its advances, still there is a lack of studies that have carried out a review on the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in individuals with T2D, not to mention that in a related way, these themes have been very little studied today. Therefore, the aim of this study was to organize and analyze the current scientific production about the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in T2D individuals. For such, a research with the following keywords was performed: -exercise; diabetes and post-exercise hypotension; diabetes and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; diabetes and acute effects in PUBMED, SCIELO and HIGHWIRE databases. From the analyzed studies, it is possible to conclude that, a single exercise session can promote an increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide and elicit decreases in postexercise blood pressure. Furthermore, the metabolic stress from physical exercise can increase the oxidation of carbohydrate during the exercise and keep it, in high levels, the post exercise consumption of O², this phenomenon increases the rate of fat oxidation during recovery periods after exercise, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces glycemia between 2-72 h, which seems to be dependent on the exercise intensity and duration of the effort.
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