Tecnologias de enfermagem para promoção do aleitamento materno: revisão integrativa da literatura

[Health Technologies and their contributions to the promotion of breastfeeding: an integrative review of the literature]

Technologies can be promoters of breastfeeding. The scope of this review is therefore to identify health technologies and their contribution to the promotion of breastfeeding. A search was conducted in the following databases: Lilacs, SCOPUS, Medline and CINAHL, using the key words "breastfeeding," "technology" and "health promotion." The final sample consisted of 24 original articles, among which 19 technologies were identified and classified in managerial, educational and healthcare groupings. Educational technologies were predominant (12) and presented greater contributions to the promotion of breastfeeding. The combination of different technologies has revealed positive results in maintaining breastfeeding. The lack of studies with the use of managerial technologies during the lactation process, as well as the development of other research that prove the effects of each technology on increasing the prevalence of breastfeeding, was clearly detected in the review.

Educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission

OBJECTIVE

to assess available evidence on educational technologies and practices for prevention of vertical HIV transmission.

METHOD

LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, BDENF, between April and May 2016, with the descriptors: "Vertical Transmission of Infectious Disease", "HIV", "Health Education" and "Technology".

RESULTS

there are 16 articles published between 2000 and 2014, mostly Brazilian and African, Cross-sectional and with low level of evidence. The studies covered the use of hard technologies, through video, radio and telephone, and soft, emphasizing, in particular, counseling.

CONCLUSION

the studies recognize the importance of educational activities as a tool for health promotion in the context of vertical HIV transmission, despite reporting the need for constant training of professionals and urgency in the renewal of educational concepts and practices. Therefore, it is recommended to expand and consolidate health counseling and emphasize the role of nurses as an important actor in this setting.

Uso de tecnologia leve-dura nas práticas de enfermagem: análise de conceito

Objetivo: establecer el concepto de tecnología blanda-dura en las prácticas de enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio reflexivo, con aplicación del método de análisis conceptual de Walker e Avant, que utiliza los siguientes pasos: selección de un concepto; determinación de los objetivos de análisis, de los atributos definidores; identificación de un caso modelo y contrario, e identificación de los antecedentes y las consecuencias. El estudio se llevó a cabo desde la búsqueda en bases de datos de las producciones científicas disponibles en ambiente virtual, en el periodo de abril y mayo de 2014. Resultados y discusión: inicialmente, el concepto de tecnología estaba relacionado al de técnica; con el del tiempo, sufrió cambios y pasó a relacionarse con los aspectos subjetivos y objetivos del cuidador. La tecnología blanda-dura sobrepasa los conocimientos tecnológicos estructurados y presenta libertad que les permite a los profesionales diversas posibilidades de acción. El uso de tecnologías en el cuidado de la enfermería es capaz de promover la salud e intensificar el vínculo entre profesional y cliente. Conclusión: el método de Walker e Avant posibilita demarcar los aspectos y la formación de un concepto desde atributos, antecedentes y consecuentes, además de analizar la utilización de los términos en la práctica.

Cultural adaptation of educative technology in health: string literature with a focus on breastfeeding

String literature about breastfeeding was linguistically and culturally adapted to Portugal. Methodological development study, undertaken at Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Portugal, between March and May 2012, during a "sandwich" doctoral program in Porto. The theoretical framework of Psychometrics was used, organized in three hubs. In this research, the first was adopted, the theoretical hub, that is, previously constructed health education technology was adapted and, for this purpose, assessed by three expert judges. As a result of this adaptation, modifications were made and it was perceived that string literature about breastfeeding is an important health promotion strategy and that, in order to use it, the presence of health professionals for any clarifications is fundamental. In addition, knowledge is needed about the reality and profile of the users with a view to avoiding constraints. Therefore, nursing has adopted this kind of strategies and perceived the positive result of this use.

Early contact and breastfeeding: meanings and experiences

The aim of this study was to analyze the meanings and experiences of early contact and breastfeeding of the postpartum women admitted at a Baby-Friendly Hospital. It is a descriptive, exploratory study, with qualitative approach, that was developed in a teaching hospital in the Northwest of Paraná state between November 2011 and January 2012, involving the participation of 16 postpartum women. Data were collected by means of non-participant systematic observation of the childbirths and semi-structured interview. The data collected were analyzed using the thematic content analysis. The results revealed that, soon after childbirth, the child-mother binomial provided the woman with a unique experience, triggering various sensations into the bio-psycho-social-cultural context of each one of the mothers, with feelings and meanings that favored the mother-child bond and the outset of breastfeeding.