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López M, Bertolani C, Sainz A, Tabar M, Roura X. Chronic diarrhea secondary to canine leishmaniosis: Case series. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2
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N Cavallone I, Santos SK, Oliveira KS, D Passero LF, D Laurenti M, Jesus JA, P Marinsek G, Chucri TM, Mari RB. Histological and neuronal changes in the duodenum of hamsters infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum. Exp Parasitol 2022; 239:108315. [PMID: 35780863 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by parasites belonging to the Leishmania genus that infect macrophages in different tissues such as the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and intestine. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the integrity of the intestinal tract and the nitrergic (NADPH-dp) and metabolically active (NADH-dp) myenteric neurons of the duodenum of golden hamsters infected with L. (L.) infantum. Therefore, thirty golden hamsters were divided into six groups (n = 5); three of them were infected with 2 × 107 promastigote forms of L. (L.) infantum by intraperitoneal route (Infected Group - IG) and three were inoculated with saline solution (control group - CG). After 30, 60 and 90 days post-infection (DPI) infected animals were euthanized and the liver, spleen and duodenum were collected to analyze tissue parasitism. The duodenum was processed using usual histological techniques to analyze the main changes that occurred during infection and histochemical techniques to phenotype myenteric neurons. Amastigote forms were observed in the spleen, liver, and duodenum during all experimental periods, and tissue parasitism in these organs increased significantly over time. At 30 DPI, reduction in muscle tunic, increase in the total intestinal wall and the number of goblet cells PAS+ was observed. At 60 DPI, an increase in intestinal crypts and intraepithelial lymphocytes was observed, and a reduction in intestinal villi was observed at 90 DPI, along with an increase in crypt size. Regarding neurons, an increase in the density of the NADPH-dp population was observed at 30 DPI, but at 60 and 90 DPI a significant reduction of this population was observed. In general, infection progression was observed to cause significant morphofunctional changes in the duodenum of infected hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo N Cavallone
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Sarah K Santos
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Karine S Oliveira
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe D Passero
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Márcia D Laurenti
- Laboratory of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Adriana Jesus
- Laboratory of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, FMUSP, São Paulo, 01246903, Brazil
| | - Gabriela P Marinsek
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Thaís M Chucri
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil
| | - Renata B Mari
- Animal Morphophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, 11.380-97, Brazil.
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Dos Santos AGA, da Silva MGL, Carneiro EL, de Lima LL, Fernandes ACBS, Silveira TGV, Sant'Ana DDMG, Nogueira-Melo GDA. A New Target Organ of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis Chronic Infection: The Intestine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:687499. [PMID: 34336715 PMCID: PMC8317265 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.687499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is one of the main causes of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Americas. This species presents genetic polymorphism that can cause destructive lesions in oral, nasal, and oropharyngeal tracts. In a previous study, the parasite caused several histopathological changes to hamster ileums. Our study evaluates immune response components, morphological changes, and effects on neurons in the ileums of hamsters infected by three different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis in two infection periods. For the experiment, we separated hamsters into four groups: a control group and three infected groups. Infected hamsters were euthanized 90- or 120-days post infection. We used three strains of L. (V.) braziliensis: the reference MHOM/BR/1975/M2903 and two strains isolated from patients who had different responses to Glucantime® treatment (MHOM/BR/2003/2314 and MHOM/BR/2000/1655). After laparotomy, ileums were collected for histological processing, biochemical analysis, and evaluation of neurons in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the enteric nervous system (ENS). The results demonstrated the increase of blood leukocytes after the infection. Optical microscopy analysis showed histopathological changes with inflammatory infiltrates, edemas, ganglionitis, and Leishmania amastigotes in the ileums of infected hamsters. We observed changes in the organ histoarchitecture of infected hamsters when compared to control groups, such as thicker muscular and submucosa layers, deeper and wider crypts, and taller and broader villi. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and TGF-β-immunoreactive cells increased in all infected groups when compared to the control groups. Mast cells increased with longer infection periods. The infection also caused remodeling of intestinal collagen and morphometry of myenteric and submucosal plexus neurons; but this effect was dependent on infection duration. Our results show that L. (V.) braziliensis infection caused time-dependent alterations in hamster ileums. This was demonstrated by the reduction of inflammatory cells and the increase of tissue regeneration factors at 120 days of infection. The infected groups demonstrated different profiles in organ histoarchitecture, migration of immune cells, and morphometry of ENS neurons. These findings suggest that the small intestine (or at least the ileum) is a target organ for L. (V.) braziliensis infection, as the infection caused changes that were dependent on duration and strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erick Lincoln Carneiro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Lainy Leiny de Lima
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Debora de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Gessilda de Alcantara Nogueira-Melo
- Biosciences and Physiopathology Program, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
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Passos FC, Gois MB, Sousa AD, de Marinho AIL, Corvo L, Soto M, Barral-Netto M, Barral A, Baccan GC. Investigating associations between intestinal alterations and parasite load according to Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. abundance in the gut microbiota of hamsters infected by Leishmania infantum. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020; 115:e200377. [PMID: 33263602 PMCID: PMC7703327 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical neglected disease with high associated rates of mortality. Several studies have highlighted the importance of the intestinal tract (IT) and gut microbiota (GM) in the host immunological defense. Data in the literature on parasite life cycle and host immune defense against VL are scarce regarding the effects of infection on the IT and GM. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate changes observed in the colon of Leishmania infantum-infected hamsters, including alterations in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and GM (specifically, levels of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli). METHODS Male hamsters were inoculated with L. infantum and euthanised at four or eight months post-infection. Intestines were processed for histological analysis and GM analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to quantify each group of bacteria: Bifidobacterium spp. (Bf) and Lactobacillus spp (LacB). FINDINGS Infected hamsters showed histoarchitectural loss in the colon wall, with increased thickness in the submucosa and the mucosa layer, as well as greater numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Forms suggestive of amastigotes were seen inside mononuclear cells. L. infantum infection induced changes in ENS, as evidenced by increases in the area of colonic enteric ganglia. Despite the absence of changes in the levels of Bf and LacB during the course of infection, the relative abundance of these bacteria was associated with parasite load and histological alterations. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that L. infantum infection leads to important changes in the colon and suggest that bacteria in the GM play a protective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabine Correia Passos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brasil
| | - Adenilma Duranes Sousa
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Ananda Isis Lima de Marinho
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Laura Corvo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoel Soto
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - Gyselle Chrystina Baccan
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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Souza KD, Fernandes EPA, Dos Santos AGA, de Lima LL, Gonzaga WFKM, Xander P, Nogueira-Melo GDA, Sant'Ana DDMG. Infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi causes intestinal changes B-1 cells dependent. Parasite Immunol 2020; 41:e12661. [PMID: 31267529 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the histopathological and morphometric changes caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection either in the presence or absence of B-1 cells. Wild-type Balb/c and XID mice were used. Half of XID mice received B-1 cells adoptive transfer (XID + B1). Five animals from each group were infected (Balb/c I, XID I and XID + B1 I), totalizing six groups (n = 5). After 45 days of infection, the ileum was collected for histological processing and analysis. After infection, the XID animals showed an increase in the thickness of the intestinal layers, in the depth and width of the crypt and in the villi width. However, the Balb/c I group showed a reduction in almost all these parameters, whereas the villi width was increased. The villi height decreased in the infected XID animals; however, it was increased in the XID + B1 I group. Leishmania (L) infantum chagasiinfection caused a decrease in the number of Paneth cells; however, their area was increased. Finally, goblet cells and enterocytes presented different change profiles among groups. This study showed that the parasite infection causes structural and histopathological alterations in the intestine. These changes might be influenced by the absence of B-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Delgado Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Bioscience and Physiopathology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lainy Leiny de Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Comparative Biology, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Wagner Francisco Kennerly Marcondes Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Biochemistry of Fungi and Protozoa, Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Patricia Xander
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Biochemistry of Fungi and Protozoa, Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
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6
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Silva DTD, Alves ML, Spada JCP, Silveira RDCVD, Oliveira TMFDS, Starke-Buzetti WA. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells in the intestinal wall of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:430-438. [PMID: 30517421 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum and can cause an inflammatory reaction in the gastrointestinal tract, however the role of granulocytic cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells) in the intestine of dogs infected is not fully understood. We performed a quantitative analysis these cells in the intestinal wall of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). Twenty dogs were assigned to one of three groups: group 1 (G1, n=8), dogs with CVL and L. infantum amastigotes in the intestine; group 2 (G2, n=9), dogs with CVL but without intestinal amastigotes; and group 3 (G3, n=3), uninfected dogs (control group). Granulocytic cells were counted in the crypt-villus unit (mucosa), submucosa, and muscle layer of the intestinal mucosa. Cell counts were higher in the intestinal wall of dogs from G2 followed by G1 and G3 (p≤0.05). In G1, there was a low inverse correlation between parasite burden of the small intestine and granulocyte counts (r= -0.1, p≤0.01). However, in G2 dogs, mast cell and eosinophil numbers showed positive correlation (r=0.85, p≤0.01). The granulocytic cell hyperplasia observed in the intestine of L. infantum-infected dogs suggests that these cells may be involved in the cell-mediated immune response for parasite elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Júlio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Trícia Maria Ferreira de Sousa Oliveira
- Programa de Graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos e Ciência Animal - FZEA, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti
- Departamento de Biologia e Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
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7
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Ward PM, McLauchlan G, Millins C, Mullen D, McBrearty AR. Leishmaniosis causing chronic diarrhoea in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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8
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Casanova MI, Martín S, Marco A, Solano-Gallego L. Detection of Leishmania spp. Infection by Immunohistochemistry in Archived Biopsy Samples from Dogs with Colitis in an Area Endemic for Leishmaniosis. J Comp Pathol 2018; 167:12-17. [PMID: 30898292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of Leishmania infantum amastigotes in the colonic mucosa of seropositive sick dogs. However, there are no studies that have investigated the presence of L. infantum infection in dogs diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate retrospectively the presence of Leishmania spp. antigen by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in biopsy samples taken from the colon of dogs with IBD in an area endemic for leishmaniosis, and (2) to describe the main histopathological findings in these cases. Clinicopathological data and histopathological results were reviewed from 106 cases of canine colitis. IHC to detect Leishmania spp. antigen had been performed at the time of diagnosis in 13 cases and we performed IHC in 56 more cases. Five of the 69 cases (7.2%) were positive for Leishmania spp. antigen by IHC. Two positive biopsy samples had histiocytic inflammation and three had lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. The number of amastigotes was variable and independent of the type and grade of inflammatory infiltrate. The results suggest that Leishmania spp. infection is associated with chronic colitis in areas endemic for the infection. Therefore, Leishmania IHC should be used routinely as a diagnostic tool when evaluating colonic biopsy samples from dogs in endemic areas, to exclude or confirm an infection by this parasite in dogs with chronic colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Casanova
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Spain
| | - S Martín
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Marco
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Servei de Diagnòstic de Patologia Veterinària, Spain
| | - L Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Santos AGAD, Lima LLD, Mota CA, Gois MB, Fernandes ACBS, Silveira TGV, Sant'Ana DDMG, Nogueira de Melo GDA. Insights of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) intestine. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1624-1632. [PMID: 30119238 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study compared and evaluated morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters infected by two L. (V.) braziliensis strains isolated from patients with different lesion aspects and treatment responses. MAIN METHODS Hamsters were infected in the left hindpaw with a suspension of promastigotes (2 × 107/100 μl) of two different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis. After 90 or 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Samples of the ileum and mesenteric lymph node were collected for histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. KEY FINDINGS All infected animals developed similar profile of paw lesions. In peripheral blood there was an increase in the number of mononuclear cells which contributed to elevated global leukocytes count. Increases in the width and height of villi and width and depth of crypts were observed. The thickness of the muscular layers, submucosa, and intestinal wall also increased. Histopathological alterations were observed, including inflammatory infiltrate in crypts and a large number of immune cells in the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscular layer. Immune cells were found inside myenteric ganglia, with an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Leishmania DNA was detected in the ileum and mesenteric lymph node at both times of infection. The presence of amastigotes in the ileum was revealed by immunohistochemistry. SIGNIFICANCE The infection with different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis causes morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters and the parasite can migrate to the mesenteric lymph node and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lainy Leiny de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Camila Alves Mota
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Biondaro Gois
- Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Viriato Lobo Street, 44571-020, Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
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Silva DTD, Alves ML, Spada JCP, Silva ACD, Silveira RDCVD, Oliveira TMFDS, Starke-Buzetti WA. T lymphocytes and macrophages in the intestinal tissues of dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:159-170. [PMID: 28746446 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was about a semi-quantitative analysis of T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+, FoxP3+ regulatory T cells), and macrophages in the gut wall of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. Thirteen dogs were divided into three groups: group 1 (G1, n=5), dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and infected with L. infantum amastigotes in the intestine; group 2 (G2, n=5), dogs with CVL but without intestinal amastigotes; and group 3 (G3, n=3), uninfected dogs (control group). There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) on CD4+ and Treg cell numbers among the groups, whereas the levels of CD8+ T cells and macrophages were significantly higher in dogs from G1 group than in G2 and G3 (p ≤ 0.05), especially in intestinal segments with high parasite burden. Parasite burden correlated positively with levels of CD8+ T cells and macrophages (p ≤ 0.05), but was inversely correlated to levels of CD4+ T lymphocytes and FoxP3+ Treg cells. In conclusion, in the intestine of dogs with CVL, the increase of CD8+ T cells and macrophages population associated with high parasite burdens, but no changes of CD4+ T cells and FoxP3+ Treg cells suggest a possible immunoregulation by the parasite not dependent on Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tiago da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria Luana Alves
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | - Júlio Cesar Pereira Spada
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia Experimental Aplicada às Zoonoses, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Cristine da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Wilma Aparecida Starke-Buzetti
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - FEIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brasil
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