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Golombieski L, Bassi das Neves G, Casa MDS, Costa GCDS, Miletti LC, Saito ME, Fonteque JH. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Natural Infection by Trypanosoma evansi in Campeiro Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104300. [PMID: 37004780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Campeiro horse is a breed locally adapted to the Santa Catarina plateau region and its main characteristic is the gait, it is known as "Marchador das Araucárias." It is a breed considered in danger of extinction, being fundamental the search for the preservation of this important genetic resource. Surra, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma evansi, is among the diseases that affect horses. However, there are no data on the prevalence of infection in Campeiro horses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. evansi in Campeiro horses, correlate hematology and serum biochemistry, and identify possible risk factors. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture of 214 Campeiro horses, 50 males and 164 females, aged between 3 months and 27 years, from 16 properties located in the States of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraná. An epidemiological questionnaire was carried out with the owners to analyze the associated risk factors. The blood samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence antibody test, complete blood count, and serum biochemistry. The prevalence was 14% of positive animals by polymerase chain reaction and 59% by immunofluorescence antibody test . There was an increase in hematocrit, and in the number of basophils, a decrease in plasmatic fibrinogen, and in the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea, and an increase in creatine phosphokinase and creatinine in positive animals, which is possibly unrelated to the infection. The data obtained through the epidemiological questionnaires showed no difference. Therefore, T. evansi is present in the South of Brazil, with a high prevalence in Campeiro horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane Golombieski
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA), CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Bassi das Neves
- Programa Multicentrico de Pós Graduação em Bioquimica e Biologia Molecular (PMBQBM), CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Silva Casa
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA), CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Campos de Souza Costa
- Bolsista de Iniciação Científica (PIVIC), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Miletti
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mere E Saito
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Joandes H Fonteque
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, CAV/UDESC, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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de Araújo-Neto VT, Barbosa-Silva AN, Medeiros Honorato NR, Sales LML, de Cassia Pires R, do Nascimento Brito CR, da Matta Guedes PM, da Cunha Galvão LM, da Câmara ACJ. Molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi in domestic animals in municipalities of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:207-215. [PMID: 36404367 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07719-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of American trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne zoonotic parasite which has been little studied regarding its infection in domestic animals. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of natural infection by T. cruzi in farm animals using molecular markers and phylogenetic analysis in blood clot samples of 60 sheep (Ovis aires), 22 goats (Capra hircus), and 14 horses (Equus caballus) in eight municipalities located in an infection risk area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Northeast Region of Brazil. Trypanosoma spp. infection was identified by amplifying the rRNA 18S SSU gene in 48.9% of the samples. The SH022 sample showed 99.8% similarity with the Y strain of T. cruzi in phylogeny, grouped in the DTU II clade. Blood clots of sheep, goats, and horses detected T. cruzi kDNA in 28.3% (17/60), 22.7% (5/22), and 15.4% (2/14) of the samples, respectively. These animals were distributed in the three studied mesoregions throughout the state of RN. The identification of natural infection in domestic animals contributes to expand the epidemiological transmission scenario in an area where T. brasiliensis is the main vector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan Ravi Medeiros Honorato
- Graduate Program in Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | - Renata de Cassia Pires
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antonia Claudia Jácome da Câmara
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59012-570, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59064-741, Brazil.
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Kalantari M, Sharifiyazdi H, Ghaemi M, Ghane M, Nazifi S. Theileria equi in the horses of Iran: Molecular detection, genetic diversity, and hematological findings. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 36:100792. [PMID: 36436901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In all equids worldwide, Theileria equi and Babesia caballi are believed to be two important erythrocytic protozoa that cause equine piroplasmosis. In addition, it was recently discovered that Theileria haneyi is another potential equine piroplasmosis (EP) agent. Ixodid ticks are the major vectors of these parasites. Equine piroplasmosis is of international importance and affects enormously the equine industry. In this study, for the first time, molecular prevalence and genetic diversity of piroplasma parasites (T. equi and B. caballi) in horses from Fars province (south of Iran) were determined. Also, hematological alterations of naturally infected horses were analyzed. PCR positive horses showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis with a left shift of neutrophilia, and monocytosis. PCR results revealed that, from 133 blood samples of horses, 40 samples were positive (30.07%). The occurrence of T. equi in this area (30.07%) was more than the national average prevalence of T. equi (24.11%), but B. caballi prevalence in study area (0%) was less than the average of previous studies in Iran (5.47%). Our findings revealed that the T. equi was widespread in Fars province of Iran. PCR products of 18S rDNA and EMA-1 genes of T. equi strains were sequenced successfully. All 18S rDNA sequences collected in this experiment revealed 100% similarity together. According to the phylogenetic tree constructed using the 18S rDNA gene, Iranian T. equi is clustered with strains from Cuba (KY111762, KY111761) and USA (CP001669, JX177672). So, this could be concluded that T. equi studied in this research, and those strains are initiated from a common T. equi ancestor at an unknown time ago. Also, the phylogenetic tree based on EMA-1 gene demonstrated a genetically diverse population of Iranian T. equi strains (10 different genotypes). As EMA-1 is one of the most immunogenic antigens in this parasite, such variability could be a concern about the efficacy of T. equi vaccines. Finally, more studies on equine piroplasmosis in the provinces of the southern region of Iran are recommended to create a better vision of disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Kalantari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Sharifiyazdi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Ghaemi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghane
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Peckle M, Pires MS, Dos Santos TM, Roier ECR, da Silva CB, Vilela JAR, Paulino PG, Santos HA, Massard CL. Molecular investigation of Babesia caballi in horses from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Epidemiological aspects associated with the infection. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100709. [PMID: 35431067 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological aspects of Babesia caballi infection were evaluated in 516 horse samples from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The presence and infestation level of ticks on horses, breed conditions, and animal management were evaluated on each farm through an epidemiological questionnaire. The gene that codes for rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1) of B. caballi was amplified by nested PCR (nPCR). Among the horses sampled, 17.2% (n = 89/516) presented B. caballi DNA. The characterized samples showed 99-100% similarity with other isolates of B. caballi based on the RAP-1 gene, available in GenBank. In the final logistic regression model, the variables associated with B. caballi infection in horses were as follows: age below two years (OR = 3.33; IC = 1.7-6.5), farms located in low altitudes (OR = 3.52; IC = 1.7-7.3) and Dermacentor nitens infestation (OR = 1.91; IC = 1.1-3.4). Furthermore, a high level of D. nitens infestation in horses was also a factor associated with positivity for B. caballi (OR = 2.11; IC = 1.25-3.54). In summary, young horses bred in low altitude regions characterized with high temperatures, and infested by D. nitens, mainly with a higher level of infestation, are more likely to be infected by B. caballi. This epidemiological study provides statical evidence that the D. nitens tick play a role as the biological vector of B. caballi in the studied region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristela Peckle
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Marcus Sandes Pires
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marques Dos Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Erica Cristina Rocha Roier
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Severino Sombra University, Av. Expedicionário Osvaldo de Almeida Ramos, 280 - Centro, Vassouras - RJ, 27700-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Joice Aparecida Resende Vilela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Severino Sombra University, Av. Expedicionário Osvaldo de Almeida Ramos, 280 - Centro, Vassouras - RJ, 27700-000, Brazil; Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Company (EMATER), Estrada RJ 99, Km 8, Itaguai, RJ 23855-120, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Gonzaga Paulino
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Huarrisson Azevedo Santos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Luiz Massard
- Department of Animal Parasitology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), BR 465, Km 7, Seropedica, RJ 23890-000, Brazil
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Torres R, Hurtado C, Pérez-Macchi S, Bittencourt P, Freschi C, de Mello VVC, Machado RZ, André MR, Müller A. Occurrence and Genetic Diversity of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Chilean Thoroughbred Racing Horses. Pathogens 2021; 10:714. [PMID: 34200433 PMCID: PMC8226895 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10060714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to serologically and molecularly survey Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in thoroughbred horses from racecourses in Chile. Additionally, the genetic diversity of the positive samples was assessed. A total of 286 thoroughbred horses from the Santiago and Valparaíso racecourses had their serum samples submitted to an ELISA for B. caballi and T. equi, and 457 samples (from the Santiago, Valparaíso, and Concepción racecourses) were tested with nested PCRs for the B. caballi 48 KDa rhoptry protein (RAP-1) and T. equi 18S rRNA genes. Selected RAP-1 and 18S positive products were sequenced to perform phylogenetic and haplotype analyses. An overall seroprevalence of 35.6% was observed for these Chilean racecourses: 23.7% for T. equi, 8.4% for B. caballi, and 3.5% for both agents. Overall, a 53.6% occurrence by nPCR was detected for the three Chilean racecourses: 44.2% for T. equi, 5.4% for B. caballi, and 3.9% for both agents. Phylogenetic analysis of T. equi and B. caballi showed genetic proximity with sequences previously detected in other countries. Haplotype analysis revealed a low diversity among the Chilean sequences, which may have originated from those reported in Brazil, Israel, or Cuba. Babesia caballi and T. equi were detected for the first time in Chilean thoroughbred horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinaldo Torres
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (R.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Claudio Hurtado
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (R.T.); (C.H.)
| | - Sandra Pérez-Macchi
- Departamento de Patologia Clinica Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 1114, Paraguay;
| | - Pedro Bittencourt
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
| | - Carla Freschi
- IMUNODOT Diagnostico, Jaboticabal 14887-042, SP, Brazil;
| | - Victoria Valente Califre de Mello
- Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia, Reproducao e Saude Unica, Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (V.V.C.d.M.); (R.Z.M.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Ananda Müller
- Instituto de Ciencias Clinicas Veterinarias, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (R.T.); (C.H.)
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis;
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Romero-Salas D, Solis-Cortés M, Zazueta-Islas HM, Flores-Vásquez F, Cruz-Romero A, Aguilar-Domínguez M, Salguero-Romero JL, de León AP, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Lammoglia-Villagómez MÁ, Becker I, Sánchez-Montes S. Molecular detection of Theileria equi in horses from Veracruz, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101671. [PMID: 33545504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis is a tropical parasitic disease caused by several intraerythrocytic members of the genera Babesia and Theileria. These pathogens are transmitted by multiple tick species and are considered as important exotic microorganisms in several countries. Equine piroplasmosis causes significant economic losses due to abortions, decreased activity and even death of equines, making surveillance of these infectious disease essential. In the northern and eastern parts of Mexico, few molecular and serological reports have been made on the presence and exposure of horse to these agents. For this reason, the aim of the current work was to perform a molecular detection study of Babesia and Theileria in equines from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. A total of 100 whole blood samples were tested. Chelex-100 resin was used for DNA extraction and a fragment of 459 bp of the 18S rRNA gene of members of the genera Babesia/Theileria were identified. Of the 100 samples analysed, 18 tested positive for Babesia/Theileria, resulting in a prevalence of 18 %. Identity analyses and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that all samples were infected with Theileria equi. This work represents the first molecular record of Babesia/Theileria in equines from the state of Veracruz, Mexico, and demonstrates the endemicity of T. equi in this region of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Romero-Salas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Posta Zootécnica Torreón del Molino, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Marlene Solis-Cortés
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor M Zazueta-Islas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Fernanda Flores-Vásquez
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anabel Cruz-Romero
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Posta Zootécnica Torreón del Molino, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Mariel Aguilar-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Posta Zootécnica Torreón del Molino, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - José Luis Salguero-Romero
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Posta Zootécnica Torreón del Molino, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Edith A Fernández-Figueroa
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Computational and Integrative Genomics, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Tirosh-Levy S, Gottlieb Y, Fry LM, Knowles DP, Steinman A. Twenty Years of Equine Piroplasmosis Research: Global Distribution, Molecular Diagnosis, and Phylogeny. Pathogens 2020; 9:E926. [PMID: 33171698 PMCID: PMC7695325 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by the hemoparasites Theileria equi, Theileria haneyi, and Babesia caballi, is an important tick-borne disease of equines that is prevalent in most parts of the world. Infection may affect animal welfare and has economic impacts related to limitations in horse transport between endemic and non-endemic regions, reduced performance of sport horses and treatment costs. Here, we analyzed the epidemiological, serological, and molecular diagnostic data published in the last 20 years, and all DNA sequences submitted to GenBank database, to describe the current global prevalence of these parasites. We demonstrate that EP is endemic in most parts of the world, and that it is spreading into more temperate climates. We emphasize the importance of using DNA sequencing and genotyping to monitor the spread of parasites, and point to the necessity of further studies to improve genotypic characterization of newly recognized parasite species and strains, and their linkage to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Tirosh-Levy
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (Y.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Yuval Gottlieb
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (Y.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Lindsay M. Fry
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.M.F.); (D.P.K.)
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Donald P. Knowles
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (L.M.F.); (D.P.K.)
| | - Amir Steinman
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (Y.G.); (A.S.)
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Shah MH, Ijaz M, Ahmed A, Aziz MU, Ghaffar A, Ghauri HN, Naveed M. Molecular Analysis and Risk Factors Associated With Theileria equi Infection in Domestic Donkeys and Mules of Punjab, Pakistan. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 92:103164. [PMID: 32797787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.103164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Theileriosis is an important disease of economic significance which badly affects the equine husbandry of developing countries. The present study was planned to investigate the molecular prevalence of theileriosis, associated risk factors, and alterations in hematological parameters of donkeys and mules from district Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan. Blood samples from 150 equids (n = 75 donkeys; n = 75 mules) were examined microscopically, and the genomic DNA from each sample was processed for the amplification of the 18S rRNA gene of Theileria. The polymerase chain reaction confirmed isolates were purified followed by sequencing. The data regarding the analysis of risk factors were collected in a predesigned questionnaire and statistically analyzed by logistic regression analysis. An overall prevalence of 17.33% was noted in this study. Donkeys showed more prevalence followed by mules being 20.0% and 14.7%, respectively. The study isolates showed high resemblance (99%) with isolates from the United States of America, Spain, Brazil, Israel, Cuba, France, South Africa, Korea, Turkey, Tunisia, India, E. Caribbean, and Nigeria. The potential risk factors found to be significantly associated (P < .05) with disease dynamics were tick infestation on study animals, previous tick history, and house hygiene. A significant (P < .05) decrease in the number of platelets, erythrocytes, hemoglobin level, and packed cell volume was observed in donkeys and mules suffering from theileriosis compared with the healthy ones. The study is the first report regarding the molecular characterization of theileriosis in donkeys and mules in Pakistan. The findings will be effectual in designing effective control strategies for this disease in Punjab, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maqbool Hussain Shah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore.
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
| | - Muhammad Umair Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
| | - Hammad Nayyar Ghauri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore
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