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Lima ES, Tavares-Dias M. Component communities and annual and seasonal variations of metazoan parasites in Eleotris pisonis (Gmelin, 1789) (Gobiiformes: Eleotridae) in the Amazon River, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e011623. [PMID: 38055437 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Our hypothesis for this study was that annual and seasonal variations do not influence the structure of the component communities and the diversity of metazoan parasites of spinycheek sleeper (Eleotris pisonis) in the Amazon River, state of Amapá, Brazil. A total of 164 fish were collected between 2020 and 2021, from which 888 parasites were found. In 2020, five species of parasites were found (one Nematoda, one Digenea, one Acanthocephala, one Arachnida and one Crustacea); and in 2021, five species were also found (three Nematoda, one Digenea and one Crustacea). Larvae of Contracaecum sp. were the dominant taxon throughout the study. The parasite species richness and Brillouin diversity index were higher in 2021, without significant differences between seasonal periods. Some component communities of parasites showed differences between years and between seasonal periods. These facts do not support the hypothesis that such variables would not influence the component communities of the parasites. Lastly, this report provides the first records of Spirocamallanus inopinatus, Genarchella genarchella, Acari, Ergasilus sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp., larvae of Pseudoproleptus sp. and larvae of Contracaecum sp. in E. pisonis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Silva Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Amapá - UEAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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Virgilio LR, da Silva Lima F, Keppeler EC, Takemoto RM, Camargo LMA, de Oliveira Meneguetti DU. Endoparasite Communities of Fish at Different Trophic Levels in the Western Brazilian Amazon: Human, Environmental and Seasonal Influence. Acta Parasitol 2023; 68:612-636. [PMID: 37395992 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The composition of the fish parasite community depends on several factors related to the environment, the host and its biology. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of environmental factors in anthropized and conserved areas on the endoparasite community structure in fish at different trophic levels, in addition to verifying that some species of Digenea are indicators of conserved environments. METHODS The study was carried out in the Upper Juruá River region, Western Amazon, Brazil. Six sampling sites were selected in this region and grouped in conserved and degraded environments. Fish were caught from periods of drought and flood, using passive and active sampling methods. Fish collected were measured, weighed, necropsied and the parasites found were counted, fixed, and subjected to morphological analysis. Physical and chemical variables and environmental characteristics were measured in all sites. RESULTS The present study demonstrated that environmental variables in a floodplain system can influence the richness, diversity, composition and abundance of endoparasites in hosts at different trophic levels. In addition, anthropized environments may favor the abundance of some generalist parasites and present a more homogeneous biota between seasonal periods compared to conserved environments. CONCLUSION Study contributed with information supporting the importance of conservation of aquatic environments, and demonstrated that fish parasites can be excellent indicators of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucena Rocha Virgilio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil.
| | - Fabricia da Silva Lima
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Erlei Cassiano Keppeler
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal do Acre, Campus Floresta, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Massato Takemoto
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Laboratório de Ictioparasitologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Dionatas Ulises de Oliveira Meneguetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
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Endoparasite fauna of freshwater fish from the upper Juruá River in the Western Amazon, Brazil. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e55. [PMID: 35904029 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2200027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Amazon region may present a high diversity of endoparasites with a high degree of endemism. In this sense, this study describes the endoparasite fauna in freshwater fish from the Upper Juruá, in the Western Amazon. The study was carried out around the municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, and Guajará, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Fish were caught between periods of droughts and floods, using passive and active sampling methods. In the laboratory, specimens were biometrically analysed and necropsied. As a result, a total of 23,740 endoparasites were recorded, belonging to 62 species, with 91 new host reports and 91 new occurrences for the Western Amazon. Nematoda and Digenea were the most diverse and abundant groups, and the increase in host fish richness and diversity influenced the diversity and richness of endoparasites in the environments. In this sense, the present study expands the number of new reports, and contributes data on the distribution and richness of endoparasites for South America.
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Simões MB, Pinto HA, Moreira NIB. An annotated checklist of the genus Pterygodermatites Wedl, 1861 (Nematoda: Rictulariidae), with notes on hosts and geographical distribution. Syst Parasitol 2022; 99:253-283. [PMID: 35122613 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-022-10024-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Species of rictulariid nematodes belonging to the genus Pterygodermatites Wedl, 1861 are parasites of mammals with a wide geographical distribution. The taxonomy of this speciose genus is complex and based mainly on morphological traits of the cephalic structures and cuticular processes. Currently, the known species are allocated to five subgenera [P. (Paucipectines), P. (Neopaucipectines), P. (Multipectines), P. (Pterygodermatites) and P. (Mesopectines)], based on the classification proposed in 1969 by Quentin. Studies on life cycles, taxonomy, biogeography and association of these parasites with mammals peaked at the end of the 1960s. Although the momentum was lost, new species and geographic records have been added in the last 50 years. Therefore, an updated checklist of species of Pterygodermatites is presented here, based on a literature survey. Information on classification, geographical distribution and host range obtained for 68 species is presented, including a distribution map. Moreover, the main differential morphological traits related to each species are tabulated. More than 140 species from 10 different mammalian orders (Carnivora, Chiroptera, Didelphimorphia, Erinaceomorpha, Macroscelidae, Microbiotheria, Paucituberculata, Primates, Rodentia and Xenarthra) have been reported as hosts of Pterygodermatites spp. The taxonomic information here compiled can contribute to future studies on the biogeography, in addition to evolutionary and ecological aspects of this diverse but poorly known genus of parasitic nematodes of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brandão Simões
- Laboratório de Helmintologia Animal, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Hudson Alves Pinto
- Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Brito-Júnior IA, Oliveira MSB, Tavares-Dias M. Ecology and diversity of metazoan parasites infecting Geophagus altifrons (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the Amazon River system in northern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e019721. [PMID: 35293425 PMCID: PMC9901859 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ecology and diversity of community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites Geophagus altifrons (Heckel, 1840) in Rio Jari, in the state of Amapá, in the eastern Amazon region. From the total of 31 fish examined, 90.3% were parasitized by one or more species, collecting a total number of 806 parasites. The parasites species identified were: Sciadicleithrum geophagi, Posthodiplostomum sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Raphidascaris (Sprentacaris) sp., Genarchella genarchella, Gorytocephalus spectabilis and Ergasilus xinguensis. Most of the parasites showed an aggregate dispersion pattern. Brillouin diversity index, uniformity and species richness of parasites were low. The component community of parasites was constituted by ectoparasites and endoparasites, but with a predominance of ectoparasites. The body size of hosts had a low effect on the parasites infracommunities. This first eco-epidemiological study for G. altifrons reports these parasites in a host, for the first time, with the exception of S. geophagi and E. xinguensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil.,Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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Gama MF, Porto DB, Anjos HDBD, Brandão FR, Jerônimo GT, Maciel-Honda PO, Chagas EC. Parasitism of Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) in fish farms of the state of Amazonas, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e012722. [PMID: 36515319 PMCID: PMC9901866 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the parasites occurrences and to determine the rates of infestation/parasitic infection in juvenile Arapaima gigas from seven fish farms in the state of Amazonas, relating to the characteristics of these fish farms. Of the 70 A. gigas evaluated, 43 were infested/infected, with a total of 133 parasites collected. Three fish farms (2, 4, 6) showed the highest levels of prevalence of parasites (100%, 70%, 70%), mean intensity (4.1±2.6, 8.1±9.2, and 2.1±1.3), and mean abundance (4.1±2.6, 5.7±8.1, and 1.5±1.5), respectively. Prevalence ranged from 30% to 100%, mean intensity from 1.0 to 8.1 and mean abundance from 0.3 to 5.7. Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda (Hysterothylacium sp. and Spirocamallanus sp.) and Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Polyacanthorhynchus sp.) were identified. The parasites Hysterothylacium sp. and Neoechinorhynchus sp. were the most prevalent parasites with 31.43% and 15.71%, respectively. The fish presented negative allometry in growth and constant condition factor. Measures to prevent and control the parasitic diseases diagnosed are discussed as well prophylactic practices that contribute to the biosecurity of the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilson Farias Gama
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - IFAM, Lábrea, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Hélio Daniel Beltrão Dos Anjos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Gabriela Tomas Jerônimo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Edsandra Campos Chagas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal e Recursos Pesqueiros - PPGCARP, Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil.,Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Almeida OM, Oliveira MSB, Tavares-Dias M. Community and infracommunities of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus (Hemiodontidae) from Jari River basin, a tributary of Amazon River (Brazil). REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2021; 30:e016521. [PMID: 34878068 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Parasites are an important part of biodiversity, and knowledge of species and their relationship with their hosts helps in monitoring an ecosystem over time. The aim of this study was to investigate the fauna of metazoan parasites in Hemiodus unimaculatus from the Jari River, in the eastern Amazon region, northern Brazil. Of the fish examined, 96.7% were parasitized by one or more species, and a total of 336 parasites such as Dactylogyridae gen. sp.1, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.2, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.3, Dactylogyridae gen. sp.4, Gyrodactilydae gen. sp., Urocleidoides sp.1, Urocleidoides sp.2, Urocleidoides sp.3, metacercariae of Digenea gen. sp., Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, Contracaecum sp., Neoechinorhynchus sp. and Acarina gen. sp. The parasite community showed low Brillouin diversity (0.58 ± 0.29), low evenness (0.44 ± 0.21) and low species richness (7.40 ± 3.83). There was a predominance of ectoparasites, mainly monogeneans and digeneans. The parasites showed an aggregate dispersion, except for P. (S.) inopinatus, which had a random dispersion. The size of the hosts had no effect on diversity, species richness and abundance of parasites, but other factors structured the parasite community. This is the first study on the parasite community and infracommunities in H. unimaculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odonei Moia Almeida
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical - PPGBio, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
- Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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Lima ES, Oliveira MSB, Tavares-Dias M. Diversity and community ecology of metazoan parasites in Pimelodus ornatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Amazonas River in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e006021. [PMID: 34259740 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612021065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the metazoan parasite community in Pimelodus ornatus from the Amazon River, in the state of Amapá (Brazil). Of 71 fish examined, 70.4% were parasitized by Demidospermus sp. (Monogenea), Cucullanus pinnai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda) and plerocercoids from Proteocephalidae gen. sp. (Cestoda). The dominance was of nematode species such as Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. The parasites showed a highly aggregated dispersion and a predominance of hosts infected by one species of parasite. The parasite community was characterized by a low Shannon diversity index, low evenness and low species richness. The richness of parasite species, Shannon's diversity index, abundance of P. (S.) inopinatus and Proteocephalidae gen. sp. showed a positive correlation with the length of the hosts. Therefore, the size of the hosts had an influence on the parasite community and infracommunities, as well as their intermediate position in the food web. This is the first record of P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracaecum sp. for P. ornatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Silva Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brasil.,Universidade do Estado do Amapá (UEAP), Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Sidney Brito Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Tavares-Dias
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (Rede Bionorte), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical (PPGBio), Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP), Macapá, AP, Brasil.,Embrapa Amapá, Macapá, AP, Brasil
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