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Rojas A, Molina-Orjuela D, Peña-Rodríguez L, Hernández-Quirama A, Rojas-Betancur M, Amaya-Castellanos C, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Idrovo AJ. Contrary Perceptions of Environmental Health and the Governance of the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6838. [PMID: 37835108 PMCID: PMC10572754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20196838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The participation of civil society is essential for environmental health policies to be accepted. The objective of this study was to know the perceptions of government officials, members of civil society, and academics about environmental health problems and its governance in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. In the region, there is a strong citizens movement that defends the moorland ecosystem (páramo) as a source of drinking water for large-scale mining projects. A multi-method study was conducted, including the review of newspaper and scientific articles, a citizens survey, and interviews and focus groups with identified key stakeholders. The findings indicate that government officials prioritize their actions on issues related to air and water pollution and environmental education. In contrast, citizens prioritize water availability from the moorland ecosystem. There are some advances in the management of environmental health, mainly related to greater citizen awareness. Contrary perceptions among government officials, academics, and civil society prevent adequate prioritization of environmental health problems. Participation of civil society is absent in activities related to environmental governance. An ongoing citizens science experience engaging high school students and the academy can be the first meeting point with government officials in the pathway to improve the environmental governance in the territory. The participation of civil society in the environmental health governance must be enforced to broaden the issues of interest and prioritize the activities in short- and long-term policy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rojas
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (A.R.); (C.A.-C.); (L.A.R.-V.)
| | - Douglas Molina-Orjuela
- GRIALI Research Group, Faculty of Political Sciences and International Relations, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Laura Peña-Rodríguez
- School of Social Work, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (L.P.-R.); (A.H.-Q.); (M.R.-B.)
| | - Andrea Hernández-Quirama
- School of Social Work, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (L.P.-R.); (A.H.-Q.); (M.R.-B.)
| | - Mauricio Rojas-Betancur
- School of Social Work, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (L.P.-R.); (A.H.-Q.); (M.R.-B.)
| | - Claudia Amaya-Castellanos
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (A.R.); (C.A.-C.); (L.A.R.-V.)
| | - Laura A. Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (A.R.); (C.A.-C.); (L.A.R.-V.)
| | - Alvaro J. Idrovo
- Public Health Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Santander 680002, Colombia; (A.R.); (C.A.-C.); (L.A.R.-V.)
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Family-Run Pig Farms: Research and Extension Activities for Parasite Control in a Municipality in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090971. [PMID: 36145403 PMCID: PMC9503554 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The parasites infesting pigs and pig farmers on family farms in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, were analyzed, and extension activities were carried out to impart information about parasites. Between 2020 and 2021, fecal samples were collected from 180 pigs as well as ear scrapings from 142 pigs. In addition, 34 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by parasitological techniques. Parasites were detected in 86.1% of the pigs, forms of phylum Ciliophora (70.5%), strongylids (56.7%), Strongyloides ransomi (44.4%), coccidia (38.3%) and Ascaris suum (32.2%). Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis were identified in 3.5% of the pigs. An analysis of infections by age group revealed that the general frequency of phylum Ciliophora and strongylid parasites was statistically significant. Other factors also associated with the frequency of the parasites included the type of food fed to the pigs, cleaning of the facilities, care of piglets and type of facility. The frequency of intestinal parasites of farmers themselves was low; however, the high rate of parasite infections detected in pigs highlighted the precarious conditions of hygiene of the farms. Lastly, the farmers’ participation in extension activities was a step forward in actions to improve their farm management.
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Suarez KJ, García MJG, Restrepo EYR, Campo LFC, Galván–Diaz ALG. Prevalencia de Dientamoeba fragilis y otros protozoarios intestinales en porcinos de una granja en la región Andina de Colombia. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA Y DE ZOOTECNIA 2022. [DOI: 10.15446/rfmvz.v69n2.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis es un protozoario que parasita el intestino grueso del hombre y animales domésticos. Hasta el momento, aún no son claros aspectos de su ciclo de vida, como el rango de hospedadores, reservorios, mecanismo de infección, entre otros. Se postula que el cerdo es un hospedador natural para este protozoario y que, debido a su cercanía con el humano, podría facilitar una transmisión zoonótica. En Colombia no existen a la fecha estudios sobre la presencia de D. fragilis en hospedadores animales, incluidos los cerdos, y los datos sobre la prevalencia de otros protozoarios intestinales en estos animales son escasos. El objetivo fue determinar la frecuencia de protozoarios intestinales, incluyendo D. fragilis, en cerdos de una granja tecnificada de una zona rural de Medellín (región Andina de Colombia). Se recolectaron muestras de materia fecal de 70 cerdos en etapa de preceba, que fueron evaluadas mediante examen directo, tinción tricrómica y Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Se realizaron análisis univariados con medidas de frecuencia relativa y tendencia central y análisis bivariados para la exploración de factores de riesgo. Se detectó la presencia de D. fragilis en un 13% de las muestras y de otros parásitos como Entamoeba spp. (66%), Blastocystis spp. (64%), Balantioides coli (36%), Cryptosporidium spp. (36%), Iodamoeba butschlii (17%), coccidias (4%) y Giardia spp. (1,4%). En este primer reporte de D. fragilis en cerdos en Colombia se observó la alta prevalencia de otros protozoarios patógenos, lo que corrobora el papel de los cerdos como importantes reservorios de infecciones humanas.
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Bacelar PAA, Monteiro KJL, Calegar DA, Santos JPD, Coronato-Nunes B, Reis ERCD, Bóia MN, Jaeger LH, Carvalho-Costa FA. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene reveals species composition and phylogenetic relationships of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in northeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e018421. [PMID: 35384991 PMCID: PMC9901867 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Helminths of the genus Oesophagostomum cause enteric diseases and affect domestic animals such as pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the species composition and genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum spp. infecting pigs in close contact with humans in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Eighty-seven fecal samples were collected for parasitological tests and molecular analysis. Through microscopy, the overall positivity rate for strongyliform eggs was 81.6% among the pigs studied. Forty-two strongyliform egg samples were subjected to PCR and six cox1 sequences (637 bp) were identified for the genus Oesophagostomum. The sequences were identified as Oesophagostomum dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum and O. columbianum. In the phylogenetic tree and haplotype network, 89 sequences were separated into seven clusters, which also included reference sequences from GenBank. Oesophagostomum dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum were seen to be closely related species and formed a monophyletic group related to O. aculeatum. Oesophagostomum columbianum showed similarity with sequences from parasites infecting small ruminants and the clade was positioned closer to O. bifurcum. High interspecific diversity was found and intraspecific diversity varied according to the species. This was the first study to characterize Oesophagostomum DNA sequences obtained from pigs in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Escritório Técnico Regional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Kerla Joeline Lima Monteiro
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Escritório Técnico Regional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Deiviane Aparecida Calegar
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jéssica Pereira Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Escritório Técnico Regional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Coronato-Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina de Petrópolis - FMP, Centro Universitário Arthur Sá Earp Neto - UNIFASE, Petrópolis, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Márcio Neves Bóia
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lauren Hubert Jaeger
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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