Ethanol extract of Cissampelos sympodialis ameliorates lung tissue damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Histopathological Changes In Lung Tissue Caused By Diabetes: A Review

Diabetes mellitus associated with oxidative stress and inflammation can affect many organs. While the effects of diabetes on many organs are well known and documented, its mechanisms of action on the lung are known far less. Hyperglycemia can lead to lung damage by increasing oxidative stresses and inflammation. Diabetes may be a trigger for pulmonary fibrosis, as studies suggest that there may be an important link between pulmonary fibrosis and diabetes. In this review, the histopathological changes caused by diabetes in the lung tissue were summarized. In addition, changes in the lung due to inflammation, oxidative stress and pulmonary fibrosis mechanisms were evaluated.

Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Cissampelos

Cissampelos is a significant genus comprising of approximately 21 species of the medicinal plants (Menispermaceae). The plants of this genus are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments such as asthma, arthritis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, cardiopathy, hypertension and other related problems. These plants are rich in bioactive dibenzylisoquinoline and aborphine as well as small amounts of other ingredients. In recent years, the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Cissampelos genus have been paid more and more attention due to their diversity. Herein, we compile the chemical constituents and biological activities on this genus, and summarize the 13 C-NMR data of the main bioactive ingredients. All information comes from scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and CNKI. It provides valuable data for the future research and development of Cissampelos genus.

Steviol Glycosides Supplementation Affects Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat Fed STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

A number of health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides, including the antihyperglycemic activity, have been found. The mechanisms of the antidiabetic action of stevia have not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary steviol glycosides on high-fat fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with particular attention to lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted on 70 male Wistar rats, of which 60 were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin, to induce type 2 diabetes. Afterwards, rats were divided into six groups and fed a high-fat diet supplemented with pure stevioside or rebaudioside A, at two levels (500 or 2500 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) for 5 weeks. Three additional groups: diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with metformin, and healthy, served as respective controls. Blood and dissected internal organs were collected for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological tests. It was found that dietary supplementation with steviol glycosides did not affect blood glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance indices, antioxidant biomarkers, but normalized hyperlipidemia and affected the appetite, as well as attenuated blood liver and kidney function indices, and reduced tissular damage in diabetic rats. Steviol glycosides normalize lipid metabolism and attenuate internal organs damage in diabetes.