Targeting of temozolomide using magnetic nanobeads: an in vitro study

Tumor treating induced fields: a new treatment option for patients with glioblastoma

Purpose

Currently, a range of electromagnetic therapies, including magnetic field therapy, micro-currents therapy, and tumor treating fields, are under investigation for their potential in central nervous system tumor research. Each of these electromagnetic therapies possesses distinct effects and limitations. Our focus is on overcoming these limitations by developing a novel electric field generator. This generator operates by producing alternating induced currents within the tumor area through electromagnetic induction.

Methods

Finite element analysis was employed to calculate the distribution of electric fields. Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay. Tumor volumes and weights served as indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of TTIF. The in-vivo imaging system was utilized to confirm tumor growth in the brains of mice.

Results

TTIF significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87 cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

TTIF significantly inhibited the proliferation of U87 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Consequently, TTIF emerges as a potential treatment option for patients with progressive or metastatic GBM.

Enhancing glioblastoma treatment through the integration of tumor-treating fields

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a significant therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive nature. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) present a promising approach to GBM therapy. The primary mechanism of TTFields, an antimitotic effect, alongside numerous indirect effects including increased cell membrane permeability, signifies their potential in combination with other treatment modalities. Current combinations often include chemotherapy, particularly with temozolomide (TMZ), however, emerging data suggests potential synergy with targeted therapies, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy as well. TTFields display minimal side effects, predominantly skin-related, posing no significant barrier to combined therapies. The effectiveness of TTFields in GBM treatment has been demonstrated through several post-registration studies, advocating for continued research to optimize overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients, as opposed to focusing solely on quality of life.

Glioblastoma pharmacotherapy: A multifaceted perspective of conventional and emerging treatments (Review)

Due to its localisation, rapid onset, high relapse rate and resistance to most currently available treatment methods, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is considered to be the deadliest type of all gliomas. Although surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are among the therapeutic strategies used for the treatment of GBM, the survival rates achieved are not satisfactory, and there is an urgent need for novel effective therapeutic options. In addition to single-target therapy, multi-target therapies are currently under development. Furthermore, drugs are being optimised to improve their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. In the present review, the main strategies applied for GBM treatment in terms of the most recent therapeutic agents and approaches that are currently under pre-clinical and clinical testing were discussed. In addition, the most recently reported experimental data following the testing of novel therapies, including stem cell therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, genomic correction and precision medicine, were reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks were also summarised.

Small Molecules of Marine Origin as Potential Anti-Glioma Agents

Marine organisms are able to produce a plethora of small molecules with novel chemical structures and potent biological properties, being a fertile source for discovery of pharmacologically active compounds, already with several marine-derived agents approved as drugs. Glioma is classified by the WHO as the most common and aggressive form of tumor on CNS. Currently, Temozolomide is the only chemotherapeutic option approved by the FDA even though having some limitations. This review presents, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of marine compounds described as anti-glioma agents in the last decade. Nearly fifty compounds were compiled in this document and organized accordingly to their marine sources. Highlights on the mechanism of action and ADME properties were included. Some of these marine compounds could be promising leads for the discovery of new therapeutic alternatives for glioma treatment.