Diadococinesia oral e função mastigatória em idosos saudáveis

Oral and Laryngeal Diadochokinesis Across the Life Span: A Scoping Review of Methods, Reference Data, and Clinical Applications

PURPOSE

The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review of research on oral and laryngeal diadochokinesis (DDK) in children and adults, either typically developing/developed or with a clinical diagnosis.

METHOD

Searches were conducted with PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and legacy sources in retrieved articles. Search terms included the following: DDK, alternating motion rate, maximum repetition rate, sequential motion rate, and syllable repetition rate.

RESULTS

Three hundred sixty articles were retrieved and included in the review. Data source tables for children and adults list the number and ages of study participants, DDK task, and language(s) spoken. Cross-sectional data for typically developing children and typically developed adults are compiled for the monosyllables /pʌ/, /tʌ/, and /kʌ/; the trisyllable /pʌtʌkʌ/; and laryngeal DDK. In addition, DDK results are summarized for 26 disorders or conditions.

DISCUSSION

A growing number of multidisciplinary reports on DDK affirm its role in clinical practice and research across the world. Atypical DDK is not a well-defined singular entity but rather a label for a collection of disturbances associated with diverse etiologies, including motoric, structural, sensory, and cognitive. The clinical value of DDK can be optimized by consideration of task parameters, analysis method, and population of interest.

Factors associated with signs of aspiration in older adults: A prospective study

This was a prospective cohort design study that followed a group of older adults for up to 12 months. Two hundred and ninety-one participants with a mean age of 81.4 ± 9.1 years were recruited. Signs of aspiration were screened by the Yale Swallow Protocol. Variables investigated for risk were oromotor functions, self-perception of swallowing function, cognitive function, and medical history. Seventy participants were revisited for a follow-up aspiration screening 8 to 9 months later. Multivariate logistic regression found that male sex, need for assistance for feeding and mobility, reduced cognitive function, subjective judgement of swallowing function, and oromotor function were major variables that can be used to screen for older adults who may require referrals for swallowing assessment. Those who continue to show signs of aspiration across time exhibit a more frail profile than their counterparts who do not.

The relationship between sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in elderly people

BACKGROUND

Sarcopenia in the oral region, including the tongue, leads to declined swallowing function and dysphagia. Muscle mass and strength, and motor function in the oral region have not been examined together, and the relationship between generalised and oral sarcopenia remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE(S)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between generalised sarcopenia and oral sarcopenia in the elderly in order to facilitate the establishment of a method for assessing oral sarcopenia.

METHODS

A total of 54 elderly persons participated in this study. We examined the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), grip strength (GS) and walking speed (WS) as the index of generalised sarcopenia, and the cross-sectional area of the geniohyoid muscle (CSG), tongue pressure (TP) and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) as the index of oral sarcopenia.

RESULTS

We found a moderate correlation between CSG and SMI, a weak correlation between GS and TP, and a moderate correlation between WS and ODK. CSG, TP and ODK were significantly smaller in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group. By multiple regression analysis, SMI and TP were significantly associated with CSG. ODK, BMI and CSG were significantly associated with TP. WS and SMI were significantly associated with ODK.

CONCLUSION

CSG, TP and ODK were confirmed as endpoints of oral sarcopenia. All endpoints of oral sarcopenia were influenced by those of generalised sarcopenia.