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Lee SM, Park JH, Suh SY, Lee SM, Byon I. Efficacy of intravitreal povidone-iodine administration for the treatment of Candida albicans endophthalmitis in rabbits. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108788. [PMID: 34637791 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of intravitreal povidone-iodine (PI) administration for the treatment of Candida albicans endophthalmitis. Forty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group). After the induction of endophthalmitis using Candida albicans, groups A, B, and C received single intravitreal injections of 0.035 mg voriconazole, 0.3 mg PI, and their combination, respectively. Rabbits that were administered sham injections were in group D as controls. Fundus photography, vitreous culture, electroretinography (ERG), and histologic examinations of the retina were conducted on day 7. The anterior chamber flare (grade 0 to 4), severity of iritis (grade 0 to 4), and vitreous opacity (grade 0 to 3) were scored. Candida albicans was cultured in the vitreous sample. On day 7, the vitreous opacities were found in all groups. Compared to that in group D, groups A, B, and C showed a lower score for flare (p < 0.001) and iritis (p < 0.001) and less fungal growth in the vitreous culture (n = 2, 1, 1, and 10 in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively; p < 0.001). Furthermore, ERG and histologic findings demonstrated less affected a- and b-waves and damaged retinal tissues in groups A, B, and C. However, these findings were not different among groups A, B, and C. PI significantly improved Candida albicans endophthalmitis, and the effect was comparable that of the voriconazole, although some vitreous opacities remained. No synergistic effect of the combination of PI and voriconazole was observed. Intravitreal PI may be useful to treat Candida albicans endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Jong Ho Park
- BalGeunSeSang Eye Clinic, Busan, 47286, South Korea
| | - Su Youn Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Busan Veterans Hospital, Busan, 46996, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea
| | - Iksoo Byon
- Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, South Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, South Korea.
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Vipulanandan G, Herrera M, Wiederhold NP, Li X, Mintz J, Wickes BL, Kadosh D. Dynamics of Mixed- Candida Species Biofilms in Response to Antifungals. J Dent Res 2017; 97:91-98. [PMID: 28850289 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517729351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral infections caused by Candida species, the most commonly isolated human fungal pathogen, are frequently associated with biofilms. Although Candida albicans is the predominant organism found in patients with oral thrush, a biofilm infection, there is an increasing incidence of oral colonization and infections caused by non- albicans Candida species, including C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis, and C. tropicalis, which are frequently more resistant to antifungal treatment. While single-species Candida biofilms have been well studied, considerably less is known about the dynamics of mixed- Candida species biofilms and how these dynamics are altered by antifungal treatment. To address these questions, we developed a quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based approach to determine the precise species composition of mixed- Candida species biofilms formed by clinical isolates and laboratory strains in the presence and absence of clinically relevant concentrations of 3 commonly used antifungals: fluconazole, caspofungin, and amphotericin B. In monospecies biofilms, fluconazole exposure favored growth of C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, while caspofungin generally favored significant growth of all species to a varying degree. Fluconazole was not effective against preformed mixed- Candida species biofilms while amphotericin B was potent. As a general trend, in mixed- Candida species biofilms, C. albicans lost dominance in the presence of antifungals. Interestingly, presence in mixed versus monospecies biofilms reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B for C. tropicalis and C. glabrata. Overall, our data suggest that antifungal treatment favors the growth of specific non- albicans Candida species in mixed- Candida species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vipulanandan
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Herrera
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - N P Wiederhold
- 2 Department of Pathology and Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - X Li
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J Mintz
- 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - B L Wickes
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - D Kadosh
- 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Liu Q, Han Q, Wang N, Yao G, Zeng G, Wang Y, Huang Z, Sang J, Wang Y. Tpd3-Pph21 phosphatase plays a direct role in Sep7 dephosphorylation in Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 2016; 101:109-21. [PMID: 26991697 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Septins are a component of the cytoskeleton and play important roles in diverse cellular processes including cell cycle control, cytokinesis and polarized growth. In fungi, septin organization, dynamics and function are regulated by phosphorylation, and several kinases responsible for the phosphorylation of several septins have been identified. However, little is known about the phosphatases that dephosphorylate septins. Here, we report the characterization of Tpd3, a structural subunit of the PP2A family of phosphatases, in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. We found that tpd3Δ/Δ cells are defective in hyphal growth and grow as pseudohyphae under yeast growth conditions with aberrant septin organization. Western blotting detected hyperphosphorylation of the septin Sep7 in cells lacking Tpd3. Tpd3 and Sep7 colocalize at the bud neck and can coimmunoprecipitate. Furthermore, we discovered similar defects in cells lacking Pph21, a catalytic subunit of the PP2A family, and its physical association with Tpd3. Importantly, purified Tpd3-Pph21 complexes can dephosphorylate Sep7 in vitro. Together, our findings strongly support the idea that the Tpd3-Pph21 complex dephosphorylates Sep7 and regulates morphogenesis and cytokinesis. The tpd3Δ/Δ mutant is greatly reduced in virulence in mice, providing a potential antifungal target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyin Yao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guisheng Zeng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Yanming Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Jianli Sang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Gavanji S, Zaker SR, Nejad ZG, Bakhtari A, Bidabadi ES, Larki B. Comparative efficacy of herbal essences with amphotricin B and ketoconazole on Candida albicans in the in vitro condition. Integr Med Res 2015; 4:112-118. [PMID: 28664116 PMCID: PMC5481788 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Candida species are the most important factors of fungal infections in humans and animals. It is necessary to prepare antifungal or antimicrobial drugs because of increasing drug resistance. The natural treatment of diseases of bacterial origin using medicinal plants is important. In this study the effect of antimicrobial medicinal herbal essential oils and conventional antifungal drugs were evaluated on Candida albicans in vitro. Methods Disc diffusion assay and the microbroth dilution method were used to investigate the anticandidal effects of Foeniculum vulgare Mill, Satureja hortensis L, Cuminum cyminum, and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oils. The anticandidal effect of these essential oils was compared with that of amphotricin B and ketoconazole in vitro. We then measured the chemical composition of the studied essential oils using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results Z. multiflora Boiss essential oil at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34 μg/mL and minimal lethal concentration [i.e., minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC)] of 64 μg/mL had more powerful anti-Candida activity than the other essential oils. C. cyminum essential oil showed the least effect on the tested fungus. A comparison of the effect of the studied essential oils and antifungal drugs showed that the antifungal effect on the C. albicans fungus was better with the fungicides than with the essential oils. Conclusion In the present study, essential oils with different components showed antifungal activity (especially Z. multiflora Boiss essential oil). They can therefore be used as new antifungal substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Gavanji
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sayed R Zaker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra G Nejad
- Oral Medicine Department, Dental School and Torabinejad Research Center, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azizollah Bakhtari
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham S Bidabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrouz Larki
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
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Ppg1, a PP2A-type protein phosphatase, controls filament extension and virulence in Candida albicans. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2014; 13:1538-47. [PMID: 25326520 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00199-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, is the primary cause of invasive candidiasis in a wide array of immunocompromised patients. C. albicans virulence requires the ability to undergo a reversible morphological transition from yeast to filaments in response to a variety of host environmental cues. These cues are sensed by the pathogen and activate multiple signal transduction pathways to induce filamentation. Reversible phosphorylation events are critical for regulation of many of these pathways. While a variety of protein kinases are known to function as components of C. albicans filamentous growth signal transduction pathways, considerably little is known about the role of phosphatases. Here we demonstrate that PPG1, encoding a putative type 2A-related protein phosphatase, is important for C. albicans filament extension, invasion, and virulence in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. PPG1 is also important for downregulation of NRG1, a key transcriptional repressor of C. albicans filamentous growth, and is shown to affect the expression of several filament-specific target genes. An epistasis analysis suggests that PPG1 controls C. albicans filamentation via the cyclic AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) signaling pathway. We demonstrate that Ppg1 possesses phosphatase activity and that a ppg1 catalytic mutant shows nearly equivalent filamentation, invasion, and virulence defects compared to those of a ppg1Δ/Δ strain. Overall, our results suggest that phosphatases, such as Ppg1, play critical roles in controlling and fine-tuning C. albicans filament extension and virulence as well as signal transduction pathways, transcriptional regulators, and target genes associated with these processes.
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Immunostimulatory Effects of Aqueous Extract of Heracleum persicum Desf. on Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Shokri H, Sharifzadeh A, Ashrafi Tamai I. Anti- Candida zeylanoides activity of some Iranian plants used in traditional medicine. J Mycol Med 2012; 22:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Djohan V, Angora K, Vanga-Bosson A, Konaté A, Kassi F, Yavo W, Kiki-Barro P, Menan H, Koné M. Sensibilité in vitro des souches de Candida albicans d’origine vaginale aux antifongiques à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). J Mycol Med 2012; 22:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen TC, Chen YH, Chen YC, Lu PL. Fluconazole exposure rather than clonal spreading is correlated with the emergence of Candida glabrata with cross-resistance to triazole antifungal agents. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2012; 28:306-15. [PMID: 22632885 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antifungal resistance in Candida species has raised concern in recent years, especially resistance toward triazole. Several newer triazole antifungal agents have been introduced which have a broader spectrum for fungal infections, such as voriconazole. However, cross-resistance among triazoles is a major concern with regard to their clinical application. Antifungal susceptibility was performed using E-test for 166 clinical isolates (29 blood and 137 nonblood isolates) in 2003 and 2004. We applied pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genotyping. Ninety isolates of C. albicans, 47 isolates of C. tropicalis, 27 isolates of C. glabrata, and two isolates of C. krusei were included. All isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B. Eleven (40.7%) of the 27 C. glabrata had intermediate resistance to caspofungin. Forty-seven (28.3%) of the 166 isolates were not susceptible to fluconazole, including two C. albicans, 16 C. tropicalis, 27 C. glabrata, and two C. krusei isolates. All except seven of the C. glabrata isolates were susceptible to voriconazole. All the triazole drugs had a positive correlation among their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Fluconazole MIC was a good predictor for susceptibility to voriconazole, as determined using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Furthermore, a high diversity of pulsotypes for the 27 clinical isolates of C. glabrata was observed. Previous fluconazole exposure within 3 months was associated with reduced triazole susceptibility for C. glabrata. We demonstrated a significant positive correlation of MIC values among the four tested triazole drugs. No amphotericin B and caspofungin resistant isolates were found in this study. The cross-resistance to triazole among C. glabrata isolates was associated with previous fluconazole exposure as opposed to clonal spreading. Selection pressure due to fluconazole use may play a major role in triazole cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine,Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Bajpai V, Kang S, Baek K. Microbial fermentation of cabbage by a bacterial strain of Pectobacterium atrosepticum for the production of bioactive material against Candida species. J Mycol Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Carvalhinho S, Costa AM, Coelho AC, Martins E, Sampaio A. Susceptibilities of Candida albicans mouth isolates to antifungal agents, essentials oils and mouth rinses. Mycopathologia 2012; 174:69-76. [PMID: 22246961 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-012-9520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Forty Candida albicans strains isolated from patient's mouth with fixed orthodontic appliances were analyzed to their susceptibilities to antifungal agents, mouth rinses and essential oils. Susceptibility to fluconazole, econazole, miconazole and ketoconazole, amphotericin B and nystatin was assessed by the disk diffusion (DD) method based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M44-A protocol, and by Etest (fluconazole and amphotericin B). The susceptibilities to mouth rinses and essential oils were also determined by the DD technique. All isolates tested were susceptible (S) to amphotericin B, nystatin and fluconazole. The overall concordance between the DD and the Etest was 100% for amphotericin and fluconazole. One isolate was resistant to econazole (2.5%) and the other to ketoconazole (2.5%). Econazole and ketoconazole had the highest percentages of susceptible dose dependent (SDD), 55 and 95%, respectively. Regarding to the susceptibility isolates profile, seven phenotypes were detected, and the 3 more represented (90% of the isolates) of them were SDD to one, two or three azoles. The study of mouth rinses showed a high variability of efficacy against C. albicans. The results showed that the isolates susceptibility to essential oils differed (P < 0.05). The profile activity was: cinnamon > laurel > mint > eucalyptus > rosemary > lemon > myrrh > tangerine. The main finding was that the susceptibility to cinnamon and laurel varied among the three more representative antifungal phenotypes (P < 0.05). The susceptibility of econazole-SDD isolates to cinnamon and lemon was higher than those of the econazole-S yeasts (P < 0.05). In contrast, econazole-SDD isolates were less affected by laurel than econazole-S counterparts (P < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carvalhinho
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), PO Box 1013, 5001-911, Vila Real, Portugal
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Bajpai VK, Kang SC, Lee SG, Baek KH. Microbial Conversion of Tomato by a Plant Pathogenic Bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum: A Plant-Microbial Approach to Control Pathogenic Candida Species. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to produce bioconverted products by microbial fermentation of tomato using a plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum and to evaluate their in vitro antimycotic effect against pathogenic Candida species. The bioconverted products (500 μg/disc) provoked promising antimycotic effects against pathogenic isolates of Candida species as shown by the diameters of zones of inhibition (9 ± 0.6 to 14 ± 0.4 mm), along with their respective minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentration values, which increased from 250 to 1000 and 250 to 2000 μg/mL, respectively. With the viable counts of the tested fungal pathogens, exposure of the bioconverted products revealed a remarkable antimycotic effect. In addition, the morphology of a clinical isolate of C. glabrata KBN06P00368, visualized by scanning electron microscopy, showed a severe detrimental effect produced by the bioconverted products at the minimum inhibitory concentration (250 μg/mL). The bioconverted products significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of all the tested clinical and pathogenic laboratory isolates of Candida species. This study confirmed the potent antimycotic efficacy of the bioconverted products of tomato, hence justifying the therapeutic uses of bioconverted products in pharmaceutical preparations as an alternative approach to support the antifungal activity of conventional antimycotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K. Bajpai
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Gu Lee
- Department of Plant Medicine, School of Bioresource Science, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Bajpai VK, Kang SC, Park E, Jeon WT, Baek KH. Diverse role of microbially bioconverted product of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) by Pseudomonas syringe pv. T1 on inhibiting Candida species. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:403-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chekem MSG, Lunga PK, Tamokou JDD, Kuiate JR, Tane P, Vilarem G, Cerny M. Antifungal Properties of Chenopodium ambrosioides Essential Oil Against Candida Species. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:2900-2909. [PMID: 27713382 PMCID: PMC4034103 DOI: 10.3390/ph3092900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of the aerial part (leaves, flowers and stem) of Chenopodium ambrosioides was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical composition analyzed by GC and GC/MS, which permitted the identification of 14 components, representing 98.8% of the total oil. Major components were α-terpinene (51.3%), p-cymene (23.4%) and p-mentha-1,8-diène (15.3%). The antifungal properties of this essential oil were investigated in vitro by the well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The in vitro antifungal activity was concentration dependent and minimum inhibitory concentration values varied from 0.25 to 2 mg/mL. The in vivo antifungal activity was evaluated on an induced vaginal candidiasis rat model. The in vivo activity of the oil on mice vaginal candidiasis was not dose-dependent. Indeed, all the three tested doses; 0.1%, 1% and 10% led to the recovery of mice from the induced infection after 12 days of treatment. The effect of the essential oil on C. albicans ATCC 1663 fatty acid profile was studied. This oil has a relatively important dose-dependent effect on the fatty acids profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stéphanie Goka Chekem
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Paul Keilah Lunga
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jean De Dieu Tamokou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Jules Roger Kuiate
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Pierre Tane
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gerard Vilarem
- ENSIACET, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, 4, Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Muriel Cerny
- ENSIACET, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle, 4, Allée Emile Monso, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Kwok SC, Schelenz S, Wang X, Steverding D. In vitroeffect of DNA topoisomerase inhibitors onCandida albicans. Med Mycol 2010; 48:155-60. [DOI: 10.3109/13693780903114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Watkins WJ, Chong L, Cho A, Hilgenkamp R, Ludwikow M, Garizi N, Iqbal N, Barnard J, Singh R, Madsen D, Lolans K, Lomovskaya O, Oza U, Kumaraswamy P, Blecken A, Bai S, Loury DJ, Griffith DC, Dudley MN. Quinazolinone fungal efflux pump inhibitors. Part 3: (N-methyl)piperazine variants and pharmacokinetic optimization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2802-6. [PMID: 17350259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Further structure-activity relationships of a novel series of fungal efflux pump inhibitors with respect to potentiation of the activity of fluconazole against strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata over-expressing ABC-type efflux pumps are systematically explored. Rat protein binding and pharmacokinetics of selected analogues are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Watkins
- Essential Therapeutics, Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
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Runyoro DKB, Matee MIN, Ngassapa OD, Joseph CC, Mbwambo ZH. Screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants for anti-Candida activity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2006; 6:11. [PMID: 16571139 PMCID: PMC1481531 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Candida albicans has become resistant to the already limited, toxic and expensive anti-Candida agents available in the market. These factors necessitate the search for new anti-fungal agents. Methods Sixty-three plant extracts, from 56 Tanzanian plant species obtained through the literature and interviews with traditional healers, were evaluated for anti-Candida activity. Aqueous methanolic extracts were screened for anti-Candida activity by bioautography agar overlay method, using a standard strain of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). Results Twenty- seven (48%) out of the 56 plants were found to be active. Extracts of the root barks of Albizia anthelmintica and Balanites aegyptiaca, and roots of Plectranthus barbatus showed strong activity. Conclusion The extracts that showed strong anti-Candida activity are worth of further investigation in order to isolate and identify the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah KB Runyoro
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences P.O Box 65013, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mecky IN Matee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Olipa D Ngassapa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences P.O Box 65013, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Cosam C Joseph
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dar Es Salaam, P.O Box 35065, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Zakaria H Mbwambo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, P. O Box 65001, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
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Abstract
Caspofungin (Cancidas) is the first of a new class of antifungal agents, the echinocandins, that inhibit the synthesis of the fungal cell wall component beta-(1,3)-D-glucan. Caspofungin is administered once daily by slow intravenous infusion and is used to treat infections caused by Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. Caspofungin is a valuable new antifungal agent with a novel mechanism of action. In comparative clinical trials, caspofungin was no less effective than liposomal amphotericin B in the empirical treatment of neutropenic patients with persistent fever, amphotericin B deoxycholate in the treatment of invasive candidiasis or fluconazole in the treatment of oesophageal candidiasis. Caspofungin also displayed broadly similar efficacy to amphotericin B deoxycholate in oesophageal or oropharyngeal candidiasis and was effective as salvage therapy in patients with invasive aspergillosis who were refractory to or intolerant of standard therapy. The tolerability profile of caspofungin was similar to that of fluconazole and superior to that of amphotericin B deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin B. Therefore, in the appropriate indications, caspofungin is a viable alternative to amphotericin B deoxycholate, liposomal amphotericin B or fluconazole.
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23
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Brian Smith P, Steinbach WJ, Benjamin DK. Invasive Candida infections in the neonate. Drug Resist Updat 2005; 8:147-62. [PMID: 16002326 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in medical therapy have increased premature infant survival. A rise in Candida infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) has followed. Once considered a contaminant, Candida is now recognized as a major cause of mortality and morbidity within these units. We will examine what is known about the epidemiology, risk factors and end-organ involvement of Candida infections with a focus on invasive disease. In addition, diagnostic alternatives to traditional blood culture, experience with antifungal agents for prophylaxis and therapeutic options, including newer antifungal agents, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brian Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, PO Box 17969, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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24
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Viejo-Díaz M, Andrés MT, Fierro JF. Different anti-Candida activities of two human lactoferrin-derived peptides, Lfpep and kaliocin-1. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:2583-8. [PMID: 15980323 PMCID: PMC1168706 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.7.2583-2588.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic peptides Lfpep and kaliocin-1 include the sequences from positions 18 to 40 and 153 to 183 of human lactoferrin, respectively. Lfpep is a cationic peptide with bactericidal and giardicidal effects, whereas kaliocin-1 is a novel bactericidal peptide that corresponds to a highly homologous sequence present in the transferrin family of proteins. Both peptides presented fungicidal activity against Candida spp., including fluconazole- and amphotericin B-resistant clinical isolates. Lfpep exhibited higher antifungal activity (8- to 30-fold) and salt resistance than kaliocin-1. The killing activity of Lfpep was mediated by its permeabilizing activity on Candida albicans cells, whereas kaliocin-1 was unable to disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane, as indicated by its inability to allow permeation of propidium iodide and the small amount of K+ released. The amino acid sequence of kaliocin-1 includes the "multidimensional antimicrobial signature" conserved in disulfide-containing antimicrobial peptides and a striking similarity to brevinin-1Sa, an antimicrobial peptide from frog skin secretions, exhibiting a "Rana box"-like sequence. These features may be of interest in the design of new antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Viejo-Díaz
- Department of Functional Biology (Microbiology), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julian Claveria, 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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25
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Lemoine RC, Glinka TW, Watkins WJ, Cho A, Yang J, Iqbal N, Singh R, Madsen D, Lolans K, Lomovskaya O, Oza U, Dudley MN. Quinazolinone-based fungal efflux pump inhibitors. Part 1: Discovery of an (N-methylpiperazine)-containing derivative with activity in clinically relevant Candida spp. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5127-31. [PMID: 15380213 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a series of quinazolinone-based fungal efflux pump inhibitors by high-throughput screening for potentiation of fluconazole in C. albicans is described. Attempts to improve the aqueous solubility of screening hits led to the discovery of an analog with greatly improved physical properties and activity against clinically-relevant Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy C Lemoine
- Essential Therapeutics, Inc., 850 Maude Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
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26
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. GSB, . SA, . AKN. Antibacterial and Antifungal Survey in Plants used in Indigenous Herbal-Medicine of South East Regions of Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2004.405.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Magaldi S, Mata-Essayag S, Hartung de Capriles C, Perez C, Colella MT, Olaizola C, Ontiveros Y. Well diffusion for antifungal susceptibility testing. Int J Infect Dis 2004; 8:39-45. [PMID: 14690779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2003.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing clinical and microbiologic resistance of Candida spp. isolates to several antifungal agents is becoming a serious problem. It is now reasonable to propose the use of antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida spp. isolates from patients who have failed conventional therapy, before the selection of an empirical therapy. METHODS One hundred and fifty eight isolates of Candida spp. were evaluated simultaneously by broth microdilution (NCCLS standard) and well diffusion testing (WD), a diffusion method similar to disc diffusion. RESULTS According to the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test performed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between both methodologies for all antifungal agents tested (fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, caspofungin and amphotericin B, with C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. dubliniensis, C. guillermondii, C. parapsilosis, C. albicans and C. glabrata). A significant difference was observed when comparing well diffusion with NCCLS for fluconazole WD 80% (p=0.008) in C. glabrata, as well as WD 80% (p=0.002) and WD 50% (p=0.002) in C. albicans. CONCLUSIONS The well diffusion test is simple, easy to reproduce, inexpensive, easy both to read and interpret, and has a good correlation to the reference NCCLS microdilution test and may represent an alternative method for antifungal drug susceptibility testing of Candida spp., mainly in laboratories with few resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Magaldi
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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28
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Bonjar GHS. Inhibition of Clotrimazole-resistant Candida albicans by plants used in Iranian folkloric medicine. Fitoterapia 2004; 75:74-6. [PMID: 14693224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro anticandidal activity of methanol extracts of 42 plant species of 29 families used in Iranian folkloric medicine were evaluated at 20 mg/ml concentration against Clotrimazole-resistant Candida albicans. Nineteen plant species in 16 families showed anticandidal activities. The lowest MIC of 0.62 mg/ml belonged to Terminalia chebula and Thymus vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Shahidi Bonjar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural Engineering, Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
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29
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McGee WT, Tereso GJ. Successful treatment of Candida krusei infection with caspofungin acetate: a new antifungal agent. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:1577-8. [PMID: 12771636 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000063145.15336.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic fungal infections have high mortality, and therapy is often toxic. Caspofungin acetate, a new antifungal agent with minimal toxicity, may provide a better alternative to typical therapy for Candida krusei. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Multidisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) of a community teaching hospital. PATIENT A 22-yr-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Candida krusei fungemia failed therapy with fluconazole and amphotericin B. INTERVENTIONS Caspofungin acetate given intravenously as a 70-mg loading dose, followed up by 50 mg daily along with standard ICU care. RESULTS Survival without toxicity from therapy. CONCLUSION Efficacy of caspofungin acetate in a patient with life-threatening Candida Krusei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T McGee
- Department of ICU Quality Improvement, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
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30
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Szeto CC, Chow KM, Wong TYH, Leung CB, Li PKT. Conservative management of polymicrobial peritonitis complicating peritoneal dialysis--a series of 140 consecutive cases. Am J Med 2002; 113:728-33. [PMID: 12517362 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because polymicrobial peritonitis is believed to be caused by bowel perforation in peritoneal dialysis patients, surgical exploration is often recommended. However, there is recent evidence that antibiotic therapy may be a safe alternative. METHODS We studied 140 consecutive episodes of dialysis-related polymicrobial peritonitis from January 1995 to June 2001. All episodes were treated primarily with intraperitoneal antibiotics. When there was no response, the Tenckhoff catheter was removed, usually after about 10 days of treatment. Laparotomy was performed only when there was clinical suspicion of surgical pathology. RESULTS Ninety patient-episodes (64%) responded to antibiotics alone by day 10; 56 patients (40%) had complete cure with no relapse in 4 months. Nine patients (6%) died within 2 days. Laparotomy was performed in 8 patients who did not respond by day 10, but only 3 had underlying surgical disease (strangulated hernia, ischemic colitis, and colonic cancer). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and the presence of fungus, anaerobes, or Pseudomonas species in the dialysis fluid were independent predictors of poor primary response; and presence of fungus was the only independent predictor of failure to cure in 4 months. CONCLUSION Most patients with dialysis-related polymicrobial peritonitis responded to antibiotic therapy, and surgical exploration was needed only in a few patients. A careful examination of isolated organisms may help in identifying patients who need Tenckhoff catheter removal or surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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31
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Blash JL. Systemic Candida infections in patients with leukemia: an overview of drug therapy. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2002; 6:323-31. [PMID: 12434463 DOI: 10.1188/02.cjon.323-331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections are becoming increasingly common in patients with hematologic malignancies receiving antineoplastic therapy. The presence of acute myeloid or acute lymphoid leukemia, plus the use of chemotherapy to totally ablate malignant bone marrow cells, puts patients in a protracted neutropenic state. During this profound and prolonged neutropenic phase, patients receive antibiotic therapy for suspected or identified bacterial infections. However, when fever or other signs of infection continue despite antibiotic therapy, patients frequently need to be treated for suspected or identified systemic fungal infections. These infections may occur in patients receiving either standard antileukemia therapy or research protocol therapy involving new drugs, new drug combinations, higher doses, or newer schedules of established drugs. After antifungal therapy is initiated, it may be continued postdischarge in outpatient or homecare settings. Therefore, becoming knowledgeable about antifungal therapy is important for all oncology nurses regardless of practice setting.
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Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ. Role of sentinel surveillance of candidemia: trends in species distribution and antifungal susceptibility. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3551-7. [PMID: 12354845 PMCID: PMC130894 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.10.3551-3557.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Pfaller
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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