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O'Reilly CL, Uranga S, Fluckey JD. Culprits or consequences: Understanding the metabolic dysregulation of muscle in diabetes. World J Biol Chem 2021; 12:70-86. [PMID: 34630911 PMCID: PMC8473417 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v12.i5.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) continues to rise despite the amount of research dedicated to finding the culprits of this debilitating disease. Skeletal muscle is arguably the most important contributor to glucose disposal making it a clear target in insulin resistance and T2D research. Within skeletal muscle there is a clear link to metabolic dysregulation during the progression of T2D but the determination of culprits vs consequences of the disease has been elusive. Emerging evidence in skeletal muscle implicates influential cross talk between a key anabolic regulatory protein, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2), and the well-described canonical signaling for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. This new understanding of cellular signaling crosstalk has blurred the lines of what is a culprit and what is a consequence with regard to insulin resistance. Here, we briefly review the most recent understanding of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, and how anabolic responses favoring anabolism directly impact cellular glucose disposal. This review highlights key cross-over interactions between protein and glucose regulatory pathways and the implications this may have for the design of new therapeutic targets for the control of glucoregulatory function in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selina Uranga
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
| | - James D Fluckey
- Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, United States
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2
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Neurotensin Regulates Proliferation and Stem Cell Function in the Small Intestine in a Nutrient-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:501-516. [PMID: 34560309 PMCID: PMC8688554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are sensitive to dietary alterations and nutrient availability. Neurotensin (NT), a gut peptide localized predominantly to the small bowel and released by fat ingestion, stimulates the growth of intestinal mucosa under basal conditions and during periods of nutrient deprivation, suggesting a possible role for NT on ISC function. METHODS Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (Lgr5-EGFP) NT wild type (Nt+/+) and Lgr5-EGFP NT knockout (Nt-/-) mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 hours. Small intestine tissue and crypts were examined by gene expression analyses, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and crypt-derived organoid culture. Drosophila expressing NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells were fed a standard diet or low-energy diet and esg-green fluorescent protein+ ISCs were quantified via immunofluorescence. RESULTS Loss of NT impaired crypt cell proliferation and ISC function in a manner dependent on nutrient status. Under nutrient-rich conditions, NT stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling and the expression of genes that promote cell-cycle progression, leading to crypt cell proliferation. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, NT stimulated WNT/β-catenin signaling and promoted an ISC gene signature, leading to enhanced ISC function. NT was required for the induction of WNT/β-catenin signaling and ISC-specific gene expression during nutrient depletion, and loss of NT reduced crypt cell proliferation and impaired ISC function and Lgr5 expression in the intestine during fasting. Conversely, the expression of NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells of Drosophila prevented loss of ISCs during nutrient depletion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings establish an evolutionarily conserved role for NT in ISC maintenance during nutritional stress. GSE182828.
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Zhou S, Huang G. Retracted Article: The synthesis and biological activity of marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31909-31935. [PMID: 35518151 PMCID: PMC9056551 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05856d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ocean is the origin of life, with a unique ecological environment, which has given birth to a wealth of marine organisms. The ocean is an important source of biological resources and tens of thousands of monomeric compounds have been separated from marine organisms using modern separation technology. Most of these monomeric compounds have some kind of biological activity that has attracted extensive attention from researchers. Marine alkaloids are a kind of compound that can be separated from marine organisms. They have complex and special chemical structures, but at the same time, they can show diversity in biological activities. The biological activities of marine alkaloids mainly manifest in the form of anti-tumor, anti-fungus, anti-viral, anti-malaria, and anti-osteoporosis properties. Many marine alkaloids have good medicinal prospects and can possibly be used as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-fungal clinical drugs or as lead compounds. The limited amounts of marine alkaloids that can be obtained by separation, coupled with the high cytotoxicity and low selectivity of these lead compounds, has restricted the clinical research and industrial development of marine alkaloids. Marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues have been obtained via rational drug design and chemical synthesis, to make up for the shortcomings of marine alkaloids; this has become an urgent subject for research and development. This work systematically reviews the recent developments relating to marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues in the field of medical chemistry over the last 10 years (2010–2019). We divide marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues into five types from the point-of-view of biological activity and elaborated on these activities. We also briefly discuss the optimization process, chemical synthesis, biological activity evaluation, and structure–activity relationship (SAR) of each of these compounds. The abundant SAR data provides reasonable approaches for the design and development of new biologically active marine alkaloid derivatives and analogues. The ocean is the origin of life, with a unique ecological environment, which has given birth to a wealth of marine organisms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Application
- Active Carbohydrate Research Institute
- College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing 401331
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Wu Z, Fournel L, Stadler N, Liu J, Boullier A, Hoyeau N, Fléjou JF, Duchatelle V, Djebrani-Oussedik N, Agopiantz M, Ségal-Bendirdjian E, Gompel A, Alifano M, Melander O, Trédaniel J, Forgez P. Modulation of lung cancer cell plasticity and heterogeneity with the restoration of cisplatin sensitivity by neurotensin antibody. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:147-161. [PMID: 30583074 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly improved with platinum-based salt treatments and recently with targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, treatment failure occurs due to acquired or emerging tumor resistance. We developed a monoclonal antibody against the proform of neurotensin (LF-NTS mAb) that alters the homeostasis of tumors overexpressing NTSR1. Neurotensin is frequently overexpressed along with its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) in tumors from epithelial origins. This ligand/receptor complex contributes to the progression of many tumor types by activation of the cellular effects involved in tumor progression (proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion). We demonstrate that LF-NTS mAb operates on the plasticity of tumor cells overexpressing NTSR1 and lowers their aggressiveness. The mAb enables the restoration of platinum-based therapies responsiveness, while also decreasing metastatic processes. Efficacy dosage with long-term treatment showed no obvious adverse events, while demonstrating improvement in the performance status. Our data suggests that LF-NTS mAb is an ideal candidate to be safely added to the conventional standard of care in order to improve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Wu
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital of Paris, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Stadler
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Jin Liu
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- CBH Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Nadia Hoyeau
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Duchatelle
- Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikaël Agopiantz
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Anne Gompel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Paris Descartes University, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital of Paris, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France.
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Liu L, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang N, Mao G, Zeng Q, Yin M, Song D, Deng H. Resibufogenin suppresses transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1-mediated nuclear factor-κB activity through protein kinase C-dependent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3611-3622. [PMID: 30168902 PMCID: PMC6215888 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resibufogenin (RB), one of the major active compounds of the traditional Chinese medicine Chansu, has received considerable attention for its potency in cancer therapy. However, the anticancer effects and the underlying mechanisms of RB on pancreatic cancer remain elusive. Here, we found that RB inhibited the viability and induces caspase‐dependent apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells Panc‐1 and Aspc. Resibufogenin‐induced apoptosis was through inhibition of constitutive nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity and its target genes’ expression, which was caused by downregulation of transforming growth factor‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) levels and suppression of IκB kinase activity in Panc‐1 and Aspc cells. This induction of TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB inactivation by RB was associated with increased glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) phosphorylation and subsequent suppression of its activity. Moreover, RB‐induced GSK‐3 phosphorylation/inactivation acted through activation of protein kinase C but not Akt. Finally, RB suppressed human pancreatic tumor xenograft growth in athymic nude mice. Thus, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which RB suppresses TAK1‐mediated NF‐κB activity through protein kinase C‐dependent inhibition of GSK‐3. Our findings provide a rationale for the potential application of RB in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojia Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Genxiang Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingxuan Zeng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Yin
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Danqing Song
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Deng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Silva-García O, Rico-Mata R, Maldonado-Pichardo MC, Bravo-Patiño A, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Aguirre-González J, Baizabal-Aguirre VM. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3α Is the Main Isoform That Regulates the Transcription Factors Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and cAMP Response Element Binding in Bovine Endothelial Cells Infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:92. [PMID: 29434603 PMCID: PMC5796901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a constitutive enzyme implicated in the regulation of cytokine expression and the inflammatory response during bacterial infections. Mammals have two GSK3 isoforms named GSK3α and GSK3β that plays different but often overlapping functions. Although the role of GSK3β in cytokine regulation during the inflammatory response caused by bacteria is well described, GSK3α has not been found to participate in this process. Therefore, we tested if GSK3α may act as a regulatory isoform in the cytokine expression by bovine endothelial cells infected with Staphylococcus aureus because this bacterium is one of the major pathogens that cause tissue damage associated with inflammatory dysfunction. Interestingly, although both isoforms were phosphorylated–inactivated, we consistently observed a higher phosphorylation of GSK3α at Ser21 than that of GSK3β at Ser9 after bacterial challenge. During a temporal course of infection, we characterized a molecular switch from pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-8), promoted by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), at an early stage (2 h) to an anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10), promoted by cAMP response element binding (CREB), at a later stage (6 h). We observed an indirect effect of GSK3α activity on NF-κB activation that resulted in a low phosphorylation of CREB at Ser133, a decreased interaction between CREB and the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP), and a lower expression level of IL-10. Gene silencing of GSK3α and GSK3β with siRNA indicated that GSK3α knockout promoted the interaction between CREB and CBP that, in turn, increased the expression of IL-10, reduced the interaction of NF-κB with CBP, and reduced the expression of IL-8. These results indicate that GSK3α functions as the primary isoform that regulates the expression of IL-10 in endothelial cells infected with S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Silva-García
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Rosa Rico-Mata
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - María Cristina Maldonado-Pichardo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bravo-Patiño
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Juan J Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor M Baizabal-Aguirre
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
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Nasri I, Chawech R, Girardi C, Mas E, Ferrand A, Vergnolle N, Fabre N, Mezghani-Jarraya R, Racaud-Sultan C. Anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of flavonol glycosides from Diplotaxis harra through GSK3β regulation in intestinal cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:124-131. [PMID: 27925497 PMCID: PMC7011856 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1230877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss. (Brassicaceae) is traditionally used as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory or anticancer agent. In these pathologies, the glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) is overactivated and represents an interesting therapeutic target. Several flavonoids can inhibit GSK3β and the purpose of this study was to search for the compounds in Diplotaxis harra which are able to modulate GSK3β. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extracts from D. harra flowers were prepared and the bio-guided fractionation of their active compounds was performed using inflammatory [protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)-stimulated IEC6 cells] and cancer (human Caco-2 cell line) intestinal cells. 50-100 μg/mL of fractions or compounds purified by HPLC were incubated with cells whose inhibited form of GSK3β (Pser9 GSK3β) and survival were analyzed by Western blot at 1 h and colorimetric assay at 24 h, respectively. LC-UV-MS profiles and MS-MS spectra were used for the characterization of extracts and flavonoids-enriched fractions, and the identification of pure flavonoids was achieved by MS and NMR analysis. RESULTS The methanol extract from D. harra flowers and its flavonoid-enriched fraction inhibit GSK3β in PAR2-stimulated IEC6 cells. GSK3β inhibition by the flavonoid-enriched D. harra fraction was dependent on PKC activation. The flavonoid-enriched D. harra fraction and its purified compound isorhamnetin-3,7-di-O-glucoside induced a 20% decrease of PAR2-stimulated IEC6 and Caco-2 cell survival. Importantly, normal cells (non-stimulated IEC6 cells) were spared by these treatments. CONCLUSION This work indicates that flavonoids from D. harra display cytotoxic activity against inflammatory and cancer intestinal cells which could depend on GSK3β inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nasri
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Rachid Chawech
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Cynthia Girardi
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Emmanuel Mas
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hépatologie et Nutrition, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Ferrand
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Nicolas Fabre
- UMR 152 Pharma-Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, France
| | - Raoudha Mezghani-Jarraya
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UR11-ES74, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, BP, Tunisie
| | - Claire Racaud-Sultan
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CONTACT Claire Racaud-Sultan, MD, PhDIRSD, CHU Purpan, place du Dr Baylac, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France
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Yin X, Wang M, Wang H, Deng H, He T, Tan Y, Zhu Z, Wu Z, Hu S, Li Z. Evaluation of neurotensin receptor 1 as a potential imaging target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1325-1335. [PMID: 28536844 PMCID: PMC5524142 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest human malignancies and lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. Accumulating evidence suggests that the neurotensin (NT) and neurotensin receptors (NTRs) play key roles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma growth and survival. In this study, we not only evaluate the NTR1 expression in pancreatic cancer patient samples, but also explore the PET and fluorescence imaging of NTR1 expression in pancreatic cancer animal models. The NTR1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry staining in clinical patient tissue samples with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, insulinoma, and pancreatitis. The results showed 79.4% positive rate of NRT1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, compared with 33.3 and 22.7% in insulinoma and pancreatitis samples, respectively. High NTR1 gene expression was also found in Panc-1 cells and confirmed by cell immunofluorescence. 64Cu-AmBaSar-NT and IRDye800-NT were synthesized as imaging probes and maintained the majority of NTR1-binding affinity. In vivo imaging demonstrated that 64Cu-AmBaSar-NT has prominent tumor uptake (3.76 ± 1.45 and 2.29 ± 0.10%ID/g at 1 and 4 h post-injection). NIR fluorescent imaging with IRDye800-NT demonstrated good tumor-to-background contrast (8.09 ± 0.38 × 108 and 6.67 ± 0.43 × 108 (p/s/cm2/sr)/(μW/cm2) at 30 and 60 min post-injection). Fluorescence guided surgery was also performed as a proof of principle experiment. In summary, our results indicated that NTR1 is a promising target for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma imaging and therapy. The imaging probes reported here may not only be considered for improved diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but also has the potential to be fully integrated into patient screening and treatment monitoring of future NTR1 targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yin
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Huaifu Deng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tingting He
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yue Tan
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehua Zhu
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shuo Hu
- PET Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Wu Z, Galmiche A, Liu J, Stadler N, Wendum D, Segal-Bendirdjian E, Paradis V, Forgez P. Neurotensin regulation induces overexpression and activation of EGFR in HCC and restores response to erlotinib and sorafenib. Cancer Lett 2017; 388:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A Review of the Role of Neurotensin and Its Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:6456257. [PMID: 28316623 PMCID: PMC5339424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6456257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilised as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging. We summarise the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC.
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hnRNPK inhibits GSK3β Ser9 phosphorylation, thereby stabilizing c-FLIP and contributes to TRAIL resistance in H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22999. [PMID: 26972480 PMCID: PMC4789638 DOI: 10.1038/srep22999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
c-FLIP (cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein) is the pivotal regulator of TRAIL resistance in cancer cells, It is a short-lived protein degraded through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. The discovery of factors and mechanisms regulating its protein stability is important for the comprehension of TRAIL resistance by tumor cells. In this study, we show that, when H1299 lung adenocarcinoma cells are treated with TRAIL, hnRNPK is translocated from nucleus to cytoplasm where it interacts and co-localizes with GSK3β. We find that hnRNPK is able to inhibit the Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β by PKC. This has the effect of activating GSK3β and thereby stabilizing c-FLIP protein which contributes to the resistance to TRAIL in H1299 cells. Our immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray provides the clinical evidence of this finding by establishing a negative correlation between the level of hnRNPK expression and the Ser9 phosphorylation of GSK3β in both lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues. Moreover, in all cancer tissues examined, hnRNPK was found in the cytoplasm whereas it is exclusively nuclear in the normal tissues. Our study sheds new insights on the molecular mechanisms governing the resistance to TRAIL in tumor cells, and provides new clues for the combinatorial chemotherapeutic interventions with TRAIL.
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Antipsychotic-like effects of a neurotensin receptor type 1 agonist. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:8-17. [PMID: 26909848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although neurotensin (NT) analogs are known to produce antipsychotic-like effects, the therapeutic possibility of a brain penetrant NTS1 agonist in treating psychiatric disorders has not been well studied. Here, we examined whether PD149163, a brain-penetrant NTS1-specific agonist, displays antipsychotic-like effects in C57BL/6J mice by investigating the effect of PD149163 on amphetamine-mediated hyperactivity and amphetamine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition. In addition, we assessed the effect of PD149163 on glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) activity, a downstream molecular target of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, using phospho-specific antibodies. PD149163 (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) inhibited amphetamine-induced hyperactivity in mice, indicating that NTS1 activation inhibits psychomotor agitation. PD149163 (0.5mg/kg) also increased prepulse inhibition, suggesting that NTS1 activation reduces prepulse inhibition deficits which often co-occur with psychosis in humans. Interestingly, PD149163 increased the inhibitory serine phosphorylation on both GSK-3α and GSK-3β in a dose- and time-dependent manner in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex of the mice. Moreover, PD149163 inhibited GSK-3 activity in the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex in the presence of amphetamine. Thus, like most current antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, PD149163 inhibited GSK-3 activity in cortico-striatal circuitry. Together, our findings indicate that PD149163 may be a novel antipsychotic.
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Zhang Y, Wahl LM. Cytokine-induced monocyte MMP-1 is negatively regulated by GSK-3 through a p38 MAPK-mediated decrease in ERK1/2 MAPK activation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:921-927. [PMID: 25714802 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0413-235r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidation of the signal transduction events leading to the production of MMPs by monocytes/macrophages may provide insights into the mechanisms involved in the destruction of connective tissue associated with chronic inflammatory lesions. Here, we show that GSK-3 is a negative regulator of cytokine-induced MMP-1 production by monocytes. Inhibition of monocyte GSK-3 pharmacologically with SB216763 or GSK-3β siRNA caused a significant enhancement of MMP-1 by TNF-α- and GM-CSF-activated monocytes, indicating that induction of MMP-1 by TNF-α and GM-CSF involved phosphorylation/inactivation of GSK-3. TNF-α- and GM-CSF-induced phosphorylation of GSK-3 and subsequent MMP-1 production was blocked with the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 but not by the AKT1/2 inhibitor AKT VIII, showing that cytokine phosphorylation of GSK-3 occurs primarily through a PKC pathway. Inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in decreased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK with a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK. Enhanced MMP-1 production by treatment with SB216763 was a result of increased ERK1/2 activation, as demonstrated by inhibition of MMP-1 by PD98059, a specific ERK1/2 inhibitor. Conversely, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 enhanced cytokine activation of ERK1/2 and the production of MMP-1 similar to that of SB216763. These findings demonstrate that the degree of cytokine-mediated phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK-3 determines the level of MMP-1 production through a mechanism involving decreased activation of p38 MAPK, a negative regulator of ERK1/2 required for cytokine-induced production of MMP-1 by monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Zhang
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Larry M Wahl
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Shin J, Jang H, Lin J, Lee SY. PKCβ positively regulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inactivating GSK-3β. Mol Cells 2014; 37:747-52. [PMID: 25256217 PMCID: PMC4213766 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2014.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) family members phosphorylate a wide variety of protein targets and are known to be involved in diverse cellular signaling pathways. However, the role of PKC in receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) signaling has remained elusive. We now demonstrate that PKCβ acts as a positive regulator which inactivates glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and promotes NFATc1 induction during RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Among PKCs, PKCβ expression is increased by RANKL. Pharmacological inhibition of PKCβ decreased the formation of osteoclasts which was caused by the inhibition of NFATc1 induction. Importantly, the phosphorylation of GSK-3β was decreased by PKCβ inhibition. Likewise, down-regulation of PKCβ by RNA interference suppressed osteoclast differentiation, NFATc1 induction, and GSK-3β phosphorylation. The administration of PKC inhibitor to the RANKL-injected mouse calvaria efficiently protected RANKL-induced bone destruction. Thus, the PKCβ pathway, leading to GSK-3β inactivation and NFATc1 induction, has a key role in the differentiation of osteoclasts. Our results also provide a further rationale for PKCβ's therapeutic targeting to treat inflammation-related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Shin
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Home-ostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Hyunduk Jang
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Home-ostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
- Present address: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, and College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749,
Korea
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Home-ostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
| | - Soo Young Lee
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Home-ostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750,
Korea
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SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation in an EGF receptor-dependent manner. Life Sci 2014; 100:25-34. [PMID: 24496038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanism by which SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation was investigated. MAIN METHODS The ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and A549 was investigated in vitro in the presence or absence of neurotensin (NTS). The ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation was investigated by Western blot using NSCLC cells and various inhibitors. The growth effects and Western blot results were determined in cell lines treated with siRNA for NTSR1. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of A549 or NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced significantly NTSR1 protein and the ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of A549 or NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells. Treatment of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced the ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation. SR48692 or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the ability of NTS to cause EGFR and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation. NTS transactivation of the EGFR was inhibited by GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) or U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (PKA inhibitor). NTS stimulates whereas SR48692 or gefitinib inhibits the clonal growth of NSCLC cells. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that SR48692 may inhibit NSCLC proliferation in an EGFR-dependent mechanism.
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Wu Z, Martinez-Fong D, Trédaniel J, Forgez P. Neurotensin and its high affinity receptor 1 as a potential pharmacological target in cancer therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:184. [PMID: 23335914 PMCID: PMC3547287 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health problem. Personalized treatment represents a future advancement for cancer treatment, in part due to the development of targeted therapeutic drugs. These molecules are expected to be more effective than current treatments and less harmful to normal cells. The discovery and validation of new targets are the foundation and the source of these new therapies. The neurotensinergic system has been shown to enhance cancer progression in various cancers such as pancreatic, prostate, lung, breast, and colon cancer. It also triggers multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the PKC/ERK and AKT pathways. In this review, we discuss the contribution of the neurotensinergic system to cancer progression, as well as the regulation and mechanisms of the system in order to highlight its potential as a therapeutic target, and its prospect for its use as a treatment in certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Wu
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiologïa, Biofïsica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- Unité de Cancérologie Thoracique, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph/Université Paris DescartesParis, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-AntoineParis, France
- *Correspondence: Patricia Forgez, INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Bâtiment Raoul Kourilsky, 184 rue du Faubourg St-Antoine, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France. e-mail:
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Müller KM, Tveteraas IH, Aasrum M, Ødegård J, Dawood M, Dajani O, Christoffersen T, Sandnes DL. Role of protein kinase C and epidermal growth factor receptor signalling in growth stimulation by neurotensin in colon carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:421. [PMID: 21961726 PMCID: PMC3196723 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotensin has been found to promote colon carcinogenesis in rats and mice, and proliferation of human colon carcinoma cell lines, but the mechanisms involved are not clear. We have examined signalling pathways activated by neurotensin in colorectal and pancreatic carcinoma cells. Methods Colon carcinoma cell lines HCT116 and HT29 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line Panc-1 were cultured and stimulated with neurotensin or epidermal growth factor (EGF). DNA synthesis was determined by incorporation of radiolabelled thymidine into DNA. Levels and phosphorylation of proteins in signalling pathways were assessed by Western blotting. Results Neurotensin stimulated the phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt in all three cell lines, but apparently did so through different pathways. In Panc-1 cells, neurotensin-induced phosphorylation of ERK, but not Akt, was dependent on protein kinase C (PKC), whereas an inhibitor of the β-isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), TGX221, abolished neurotensin-induced Akt phosphorylation in these cells, and there was no evidence of EGF receptor (EGFR) transactivation. In HT29 cells, in contrast, the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib blocked neurotensin-stimulated phosphorylation of both ERK and Akt, indicating transactivation of EGFR, independently of PKC. In HCT116 cells, neurotensin induced both a PKC-dependent phosphorylation of ERK and a metalloproteinase-mediated transactivation of EGFR that was associated with a gefitinib-sensitive phosphorylation of the downstream adaptor protein Shc. The activation of Akt was also inhibited by gefitinib, but only partly, suggesting a mechanism in addition to EGFR transactivation. Inhibition of PKC blocked neurotensin-induced DNA synthesis in HCT116 cells. Conclusions While acting predominantly through PKC in Panc-1 cells and via EGFR transactivation in HT29 cells, neurotensin used both these pathways in HCT116 cells. In these cells, neurotensin-induced activation of ERK and stimulation of DNA synthesis was PKC-dependent, whereas activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway was mediated by stimulation of metalloproteinases and subsequent transactivation of the EGFR. Thus, the data show that the signalling mechanisms mediating the effects of neurotensin involve multiple pathways and are cell-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Müller
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Chen S, Cao W, Yue P, Hao C, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Celecoxib promotes c-FLIP degradation through Akt-independent inhibition of GSK3. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6270-81. [PMID: 21868755 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Celecoxib is a COX-2 inhibitor that reduces the risk of colon cancer. However, the basis for its cancer chemopreventive activity is not fully understood. In this study, we defined a mechanism of celecoxib action based on degradation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), a major regulator of the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. c-FLIP protein levels are regulated by ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. We found that celecoxib controlled c-FLIP ubiquitination through Akt-independent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), itself a candidate therapeutic target of interest in colon cancer. Celecoxib increased the levels of phosphorylated GSK3, including the α and β forms, even in cell lines, where phosphorylated Akt levels were not increased. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitors abrogated Akt phosphorylation as expected but had no effect on celecoxib-induced GSK3 phosphorylation. In contrast, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors abolished celecoxib-induced GSK3 phosphorylation, implying that celecoxib influenced GSK3 phosphorylation through a mechanism that relied upon PKC and not Akt. GSK3 blockade either by siRNA or kinase inhibitors was sufficient to attenuate c-FLIP levels. Combining celecoxib with GSK3 inhibition enhanced attenuation of c-FLIP and increased apoptosis. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversed the effects of GSK3 inhibition and increased c-FLIP ubiquitination, confirming that c-FLIP attenuation was mediated by proteasomal turnover as expected. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism through which the regulatory effects of c-FLIP on death receptor signaling are controlled by GSK3, which celecoxib acts at an upstream level to control independently of Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Enzastaurin, an inhibitor of PKCbeta, Enhances Antiangiogenic Effects and Cytotoxicity of Radiation against Endothelial Cells. Transl Oncol 2011; 1:195-201. [PMID: 19043530 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.08151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Revised: 09/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiogenesis plays an important role in pancreas cancer pathobiology. Pancreatic tumor cells secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), activating endothelial cell protein kinase C beta (PKCbeta) that phosphorylates GSK3beta to suppress apoptosis and promote endothelial cell proliferation and microvessel formation. We used Enzastaurin (Enz) to test the hypothesis that inhibition of PKCbeta results in radiosensitization of endothelial cells in culture and in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS We measured PKCbeta phosphorylation, VEGF pathway signaling, colony formation, and capillary sprout formation in primary human dermal microvessel endothelial cells (HDMECs) after Enz or radiation (RT) treatment. Microvessel density and tumor volume of human pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice were measured after treatment with Enz, RT, or both. RESULTS Enz inhibited PKCbeta and radiosensitized HDMEC with an enhancement ratio of 1.31 +/- 0.05. Enz combined with RT reduced HDMEC capillary sprouting to a greater extent than either agent alone. Enz prevented radiation-induced GSK3beta phosphorylation of serine 9 while having no direct effect on VEGFR phosphorylation. Treatment of xenografts with Enz and radiation produced greater reductions in microvessel density than either treatment alone. The reduction in microvessel density corresponded with increased tumor growth delay. CONCLUSIONS Enz-induced PKCbeta inhibition radiosensitizes human endothelial cells and enhances the antiangiogenic effects of RT. The combination of Enz and RT reduced microvessel density and resulted in increased growth delay in pancreatic cancer xenografts, without increase in toxicity. These results provide the rationale for combining PKCbeta inhibition with radiation and further investigating such regimens in pancreatic cancer.
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Yang L, Li J, Ran L, Pan F, Zhao X, Ding Z, Chen Y, Peng Q, Liang H. Phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor is implicated in resistance to the cytostatic effect of gefitinib in colorectal cancer cells. J Gastrointest Surg 2011; 15:942-57. [PMID: 21479670 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-011-1504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ability of certain cancer cells to maintain signaling via the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt and/or Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways has been repeatedly involved in resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition. DISCUSSION We investigated the potential mechanisms of the uncoupling of EGFR from its downstream signals in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Alternative growth factor receptors and regulation of downstream pathways in different gefitinib-responsive cell lines were determined. Basal insulin-like growth factor receptor-1β (IGFR-1β) phosphorylation was undetectable or present at very low levels in highly gefitinib-responsive cell lines and was present at strikingly high levels in less responsive cell lines. Further analysis of cell lines representing the most sensitive (Lovo), moderately sensitive (HT29), and most resistant (HCT116) strains was treated with an IGFR-1 inhibitor (AG1024), gefitinib, or both, revealing that elevated IGFR-1β phosphorylation can compensate for the loss of EGFR signaling function. Increased insulin-like growth factor II expression induced by gefitinib or heterodimerization of EGFR and IGFR-1β may trigger IGFR-1β signal transduction via activation of Akt and MAPK. In addition, high levels of EGFR and IGFR-1β phosphorylation were detected in CRC tumor tissue. We also showed that gefitinib- and/or AG1024-induced cytostatic effects could be mediated by glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation. Our data suggest that the crosstalk between EGFR and IGFR-1β signaling are likely to contribute to resistance of CRC cells to gefitinib and that measurement of GSK-3β activation may present a potential biomarker for evaluating the antitumor efficacy of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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Dupouy S, Mourra N, Doan VK, Gompel A, Alifano M, Forgez P. The potential use of the neurotensin high affinity receptor 1 as a biomarker for cancer progression and as a component of personalized medicine in selective cancers. Biochimie 2011; 93:1369-78. [PMID: 21605619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing challenge in medicine today, is the need to improve the suitability of drug treatments for cancer patients. In this field, biomarkers have become the "flags" to provide additional information in tumor biology. They are a relay between the patient and practitioner and consequently, aid in the diagnosis, providing information for prognosis, or in some cases predicting the response to specific therapies. In addition to being markers, these tumor "flags" can also be major participants in the process of carcinogenesis. Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) was recently identified as a prognosis marker in breast, lung, and head and neck squamous carcinomas. Neurotensin (NTS) was also shown to exert numerous oncogenic effects involved in tumor growth and metastatic spread. These effects were mostly mediated by NTSR1, making the NTS/NTSR1 complex an actor in cancer progression. In this review, we gather information on the oncogenic effects of the NTS/NTSR1 complex and its associated signaling pathways in order to illuminate its significant role in tumor progression and its potential as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in some tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dupouy
- INSERM-UPMC UMR_S938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
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Neoplasia: the second decade. Neoplasia 2009; 10:1314-24. [PMID: 19048110 DOI: 10.1593/neo.81372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This issue marks the end of the 10-year anniversary of Neoplasia where we have seen exciting growth in both number of submitted and published articles in Neoplasia. Neoplasia was first published in 1999. During the past 10 years, Neoplasia has dynamically adapted to the needs of the cancer research community as technologies have advanced. Neoplasia is currently providing access to articles through PubMed Central to continue to facilitate rapid broad-based dissemination of published findings to the scientific community through an Open Access model. This has in part helped Neoplasia to achieve an improved impact factor this past year, demonstrating that the manuscripts published by Neoplasia are of great interest to the overall cancer research community. This past year, Neoplasia received a record number of articles for review and has had a 21% increase in the number of published articles.
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Dupouy S, Viardot-Foucault V, Alifano M, Souazé F, Plu-Bureau G, Chaouat M, Lavaur A, Hugol D, Gespach C, Gompel A, Forgez P. The neurotensin receptor-1 pathway contributes to human ductal breast cancer progression. PLoS One 2009; 4:e4223. [PMID: 19156213 PMCID: PMC2626627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The neurotensin (NTS) and its specific high affinity G protein coupled receptor, the NT1 receptor (NTSR1), are considered to be a good candidate for one of the factors implicated in neoplastic progression. In breast cancer cells, functionally expressed NT1 receptor coordinates a series of transforming functions including cellular migration and invasion. Methods and Results we investigated the expression of NTS and NTSR1 in normal human breast tissue and in invasive ductal breast carcinomas (IDCs) by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. NTS is expressed and up-regulated by estrogen in normal epithelial breast cells. NTS is also found expressed in the ductal and invasive components of IDCs. The high expression of NTSR1 is associated with the SBR grade, the size of the tumor, and the number of metastatic lymph nodes. Furthermore, the NTSR1 high expression is an independent factor of prognosis associated with the death of patients. Conclusion these data support the activation of neurotensinergic deleterious pathways in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Dupouy
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Viardot-Foucault
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Unité de Gynécologie, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Souazé
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Plu-Bureau
- Unité de Gynécologie, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marc Chaouat
- Service de chirurgie plastique, AP-HP, Hôpital Rotschild, Bd Picpus, Paris, France
| | - Anne Lavaur
- Unité de Gynécologie, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Hugol
- Département d'Anatomo-pathologie, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christian Gespach
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gompel
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- Unité de Gynécologie, Université Paris Descartes, AP-HP, Hôtel-Dieu de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM-UPMC CDR Saint-Antoine EQ.5, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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PI3K/Akt pathway activation attenuates the cytotoxic effect of methyl jasmonate toward sarcoma cells. Neoplasia 2008; 10:1303-13. [PMID: 18953440 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MJ) acts both in vitro and in vivo against various cancer cell lines. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway results in decreased susceptibility to cytotoxic agents in many types of cancer cells. We found a strong inverse correlation between the basal level of phospho-Akt (pAkt) and the sensitivity to MJ among sarcoma cell lines. Nevertheless, levels of pAkt increased in two sarcoma cell lines, MCA-105 and SaOS-2, after MJ treatment. Treatment of both cell lines with PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors in combination with MJ resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. Moreover, cells transfected with a constitutively active Akt were less susceptible to MJ-induced cytotoxicity in comparison with cells transfected with an inactive form of Akt. Taken together, these data suggest that the increase in pAkt after treatment with MJ played a protective role. Because it has been shown that the antiapoptotic effects of Akt are dependent on glycolysis, we examined the role of glucose metabolism in activation of Akt and the subsequent resistance of the cell lines to MJ. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose, a glycolysis inhibitor, decreased the levels of pAkt and was able to attenuate the MJ-induced elevation in pAkt. Accordingly, the presence of glucose attenuated MJ-induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, treatment with 2-deoxy-d-glucose in combination with MJ resulted in a synergistic cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, the PI3K/Akt pathway plays a critical role in the resistance of MCA-105 and SaOS-2 sarcoma cell lines toward MJ-induced cytotoxicity.
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Ali AS, Ali S, El-Rayes BF, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. Exploitation of protein kinase C: a useful target for cancer therapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2008; 35:1-8. [PMID: 18778896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2008.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C is a family of serine/threonine kinases. The PKC family is made up of at least 12 isozymes, which have a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Activation of PKC isozyme is dependent on tyrosine-kinase receptors and G-protein-coupled receptors. PKC isozymes regulate multiple signaling pathways including PI3-K/Akt, MAPK, and GSK-3beta. PKC isozymes have variable roles in tumor biology which in part depend on the cell type and intracellular localization. PKC isozymes are commonly dysregulated in the cancer of the prostate, breast, colon, pancreatic, liver, and kidney. Currently, several classes of PKC inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials and several challenges in targeting PKC isozymes have been recently identified. In conclusion, PKC remains a promising target for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashhar S Ali
- Department of Pathology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Carraway RE, Hassan S, Dobner PR. Protein kinase C inhibitors alter neurotensin receptor binding and function in prostate cancer PC3 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 147:96-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Revised: 11/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation on serine 779 couples to 14-3-3 and regulates cell survival and proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:3372-85. [PMID: 18332103 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01837-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) exert their diverse (or pleiotropic) biological responses through the binding and activation of specific cell surface receptors (FGFRs). While FGFRs are known to initiate intracellular signaling through receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, the precise mechanisms by which the FGFRs regulate pleiotropic biological responses remain unclear. We now identify a new mechanism by which FGFR2 is able to regulate intracellular signaling and cellular responses. We show that FGFR2 is phosphorylated on serine 779 (S779) in response to FGF2. S779, which lies adjacent to the phospholipase Cgamma binding site at Y766, provides a docking site for the 14-3-3 phosphoserine-binding proteins and is essential for the full activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Furthermore, S779 signaling is essential for promoting cell survival and proliferation in both Ba/F3 cells and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. This new mode of FGFR2 phosphoserine signaling via the 14-3-3 proteins may provide an increased repertoire of signaling outputs to allow the regulation of pleiotropic biological responses. In this regard, we have identified conserved putative phosphotyrosine/phosphoserine motifs in the cytoplasmic domains of diverse cell surface receptors, suggesting that they may perform important functional roles beyond the FGFRs.
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Spalding AC, Watson R, Davis ME, Kim AC, Lawrence TS, Ben-Josef E. Inhibition of protein kinase Cbeta by enzastaurin enhances radiation cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:6827-33. [PMID: 18006785 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant activation of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) by pancreatic cancer cells facilitates angiogenesis and tumor cell survival. Targeting PKCbeta with enzastaurin, a well-tolerated drug in clinical trials, would be expected to radiosensitize pancreatic tumors through direct antitumor and antivascular effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the hypothesis that enzastaurin radiosensitizes pancreatic cancer cells in culture and in vivo through inhibition of PKCbeta. We analyzed pancreatic cancer xenografts for growth delay and microvessel density after treatment with enzastaurin, radiation, or both. We determined the effect of radiation and enzastaurin on glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, a mediator of cell death in culture and in vivo. RESULTS At concentrations attained in patients, enzastaurin reduced levels of active PKCbeta measured by phosphorylation at Thr(500) in culture and in xenografts. Enzastaurin alone did not affect pancreatic cancer cell survival, proliferation, or xenograft growth. However, enzastaurin radiosensitized pancreatic cancer cells in culture by colony formation assay. Enzastaurin alone decreased microvessel density of pancreatic cancer xenografts without appreciable effects on tumor size. When combined with radiation, enzastaurin increased radiation-induced tumor growth delay with a corresponding decrease in microvessel density. Enzastaurin inhibited radiation-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta at Ser(9) in pancreatic cancer cells in culture and in tumor xenografts, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed radiosensitization. CONCLUSIONS Enzastaurin inhibits PKCbeta in pancreatic cancer cells in culture, enhancing radiation cytotoxicity. Additional antivascular effects of enzastaurin were observed in vivo, resulting in greater radiosensitization. These results provide the rationale for a clinical trial in locally advanced pancreatic cancer combining enzastaurin with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Spalding
- Department of Radiation Oncology The University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Neoplasia: An Anniversary of Progress. Neoplasia 2007. [DOI: 10.1593/neo.07968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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