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Stenzel PJ, Schindeldecker M, Seidmann L, Herpel E, Hohenfellner M, Hatiboglu G, Foersch S, Porubsky S, Macher-Goeppinger S, Roth W, Tagscherer KE. CD15 Is a Risk Predictor and a Novel Target in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pathobiology 2023; 91:219-229. [PMID: 37963432 PMCID: PMC11151972 DOI: 10.1159/000535201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor cells use adhesion molecules like CD15 or sialylCD15 (sCD15) for metastatic spreading. We analyzed the expression of CD15 and sCD15 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) regarding prognosis. METHODS A tissue microarray containing tissue specimens of 763 patients with ccRCC was immunohistochemically stained for CD15 and sCD15, their expression quantified using digital image analysis, and the impact on patients' survival analyzed. The cell lines 769p and 786o were stimulated with CD15 or control antibody in vitro and the effects on pathways activating AP-1 and tumor cell migration were examined. RESULTS ccRCC showed a broad range of CD15 and sCD15 expression. A high CD15 expression was significantly associated with favorable outcome (p < 0.01) and low-grade tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), whereas sCD15 had no significant prognostic value. Tumors with synchronous distant metastasis had a significantly lower CD15 expression compared to tumors without any (p < 0.001) or with metachronous metastasis (p < 0.01). Tumor cell migration was significantly reduced after CD15 stimulation in vitro, but there were no major effects on the activating pathways of AP-1. CONCLUSION CD15, but not sCD15, qualifies as a biomarker for risk stratification and as an interesting novel target in ccRCC. Moreover, the data indicate a contribution of CD15 to metachronous metastasis. Further research is warranted to decipher the intracellular pathways of CD15 signaling in ccRCC in order to characterize the CD15 effects on ccRCC more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Larissa Seidmann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Urology, SLK-Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Dey S, Ghosh A, Banerjee M. A mathematical modeling technique to understand the role of decoy receptors in ligand-receptor interaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6523. [PMID: 37085701 PMCID: PMC10121693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ligand-receptor interaction is fundamental to many cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as cell migration, proliferation, adhesion, signaling and so on. Cell migration is a central process in the development of organisms. Receptor induced chemo-tactic sensitivity plays an important role in cell migration. However, recently some receptors identified as decoy receptors, obstruct some mechanisms of certain regular receptors. DcR3 is one such important decoy receptor, generally found in glioma cell, RCC cell and many various malignant cells which obstruct some mechanism including apoptosis cell-signaling, cell inflammation, cell migration. The goal of our work is to mathematically formulate ligand-receptor interaction induced cell migration in the presence of decoy receptors. We develop here a novel mathematical model, consisting of four coupled partial differential equations which predict the movement of glioma cells due to the reaction-kinetic mechanism between regular receptors CD95, its ligand CD95L and decoy receptors DcR3 as obtained in experimental results. The aim is to measure the number of cells in the chamber's filter for different concentrations of ligand in presence of decoy receptors and compute the distance travelled by the cells inside filter due to cell migration. Using experimental results, we validate our model which suggests that the concentration of ligands plays an important role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aditi Ghosh
- Department of Mathematics, Texas A &M Commerce, Commerce, TX, USA.
| | - Malay Banerjee
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Apoptosis-Inducing TNF Superfamily Ligands for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071543. [PMID: 33801589 PMCID: PMC8036978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with apoptosis evasion as one of its hallmarks; therefore, apoptosis induction in transformed cells seems a promising approach as a cancer treatment. TNF apoptosis-inducing ligands, which are naturally present in the body and possess tumoricidal activity, are attractive candidates. The most studied proteins are TNF-α, FasL, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Over the years, different recombinant TNF family-derived apoptosis-inducing ligands and agonists have been designed. Their stability, specificity, and half-life have been improved because most of the TNF ligands have the disadvantages of having a short half-life and affinity to more than one receptor. Here, we review the outlook on apoptosis-inducing ligands as cancer treatments in diverse preclinical and clinical stages and summarize strategies of overcoming their natural limitations to improve their effectiveness.
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Zhong M, Qiu X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Gu L, Wang C, Chen H, Liu Z, Miao J, Zhuang G. TIPE Regulates DcR3 Expression and Function by Activating the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in CRC. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623048. [PMID: 33718119 PMCID: PMC7943851 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-induced protein-8 (TIPE) is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble secreted protein that can antagonize Fas ligand (FasL)-induced apoptosis and promote tumorigenesis. It remains unclear whether TIPE can regulate DcR3 expression. In this study, we examined this question by analyzing the relationship between these factors in CRC. Bioinformatics and tissue microarrays were used to determine the expression of TIPE and DcR3 and their correlation in CRC. The expression of TIPE and DcR3 in colon cancer cells was detected. Plasma samples were collected from CRC patients, and DcR3 secretion was measured. Then, dual-luciferase reporter gene analysis was performed to assess the interaction between TIPE and DcR3. We exogenously altered TIPE expression and analyzed its function and influence on DcR3 secretion. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to stimulate TIPE-overexpressing HCT116 cells, and alterations in signaling pathways were detected. Additionally, inhibitors were used to confirm molecular mechanisms. We found that TIPE and DcR3 were highly expressed in CRC patients and that their expression levels were positively correlated. DcR3 was highly expressed in the plasma of cancer patients. We confirmed that TIPE and DcR3 were highly expressed in HCT116 cells. TIPE overexpression enhanced the transcriptional activity of the DcR3 promoter. TIPE activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate the expression of DcR3, thereby promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. In summary, TIPE and DcR3 are highly expressed in CRC, and both proteins are associated with poor prognosis. TIPE regulates DcR3 expression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in CRC, thus promoting cell proliferation and migration and inhibiting apoptosis. These findings may have clinical significance and promise for applications in the treatment or prognostication of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Zhong
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,General Surgery Center of Bazhong Central Hospital, Bazhong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lei Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhongchen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayin Miao
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guohong Zhuang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Organ Transplantation Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Gu X, Mao Z, Pan H, Zou C, Ding G, Fan Y. <p>Case–Control Study on <em>TNFRSF6B</em> Gene Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Gastric Cancer in a Chinese Han Population</p>. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:749-756. [PMID: 33363398 PMCID: PMC7751833 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s283308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the relationship between rs2297440 and rs2297441 polymorphisms of TNFRSF6B gene and susceptibility to gastric cancer. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. A total of 577 gastric cancer cases and 678 normal controls were recruited. Their genotypes were determined using the SnapShot method. Results The smoking rate in the case group (34.49%) was higher than that in the control group (27.29%). For TNFRSF6B rs2297440, among people <62 years old, the risk of gastric cancer in TC people was 1.84 times that in TT people. Among the non-drinking people, the risk of gastric cancer in the CC type was 0.66 times that in the TT+TC type. Among the drinking population, the risk of gastric cancer in the TC type was 1.67 times that in the TT type, and the risk in the TC+CC type was 1.70 times that in the TT type. As for TNFRSF6B rs2297441, in males and non-drinkers, the risk of gastric cancer in the AG type was less than that in the GG type. No matter how old the patient is, the risk of gastric cancer in the AA type was less than that in the AG+GG type. Conclusion A correlation exists between smoking and gastric cancer. For TNFRSF6B rs2297440, the TC genotype may be a risk factor for gastric cancer in people <62 years old. In the non-drinking population, the homozygous mutant of CC may be a protective factor for gastric cancer. In the drinking population, TC type may be a risk factor, whereas the TC+CC type dominated by C may be a protective factor. For TNFRSF6B rs2297441, the AG genotype may be a risk factor for gastric cancer in males and non-drinkers. The AA homozygous mutant may be a protective factor for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Mao
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Pan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zou
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowen Ding
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- Cancer Institute, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, People's Republic of China
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Stenzel PJ, Schindeldecker M, Tagscherer KE, Foersch S, Herpel E, Hohenfellner M, Hatiboglu G, Alt J, Thomas C, Haferkamp A, Roth W, Macher-Goeppinger S. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocytes and of Immune Checkpoint Molecules PD1 and PDL1 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Transl Oncol 2019; 13:336-345. [PMID: 31881506 PMCID: PMC7031108 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been approved for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but not all patients benefit from ICI. One reason is the tumor microenvironment (TME) that has substantial influence on patient's prognosis and therapy response. Thus, we comprehensively analyzed the TME of ccRCC regarding prognostic and predictive properties. METHODS: Tumor-infiltrating CD3-positive T-cells, CD8-positive cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), regulatory T-cells, B-cells, plasma cells, macrophages, granulocytes, programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1), and its ligand PD-L1 were examined in a large hospital-based series of ccRCC with long-term follow-up information (n = 756) and in another patient collective with information on response to nivolumab therapy (n = 8). Tissue microarray technique and digital image analysis were used. Relationship between immune cell infiltration and tumor characteristics, cancer-specific survival (CSS), or response to ICI was examined. RESULTS: Univariate survival analysis revealed that increased tumor-infiltrating B-cells, T-cells, and PD-1-positive cells were significantly associated with favorable CSS and high levels of intratumoral granulocytes, macrophages, cytotoxic T-cells, and PD-L1 significantly with poor CSS. High CTL or B-cell infiltration and high PD-L1 expression of ccRCC tumor cells qualified as independent prognostic biomarkers for patients' CSS. Significantly higher densities of intratumoral T-cells, CTLs, and PD-1-positive immune cells were observed in ccRCC with response to ICI compared with patients with mixed or no response (CD3: p = 0.003; CD8: p = 0.006; PD-1: p = 0.01). DISCUSSION: This study shows that subsets of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in the TME and also PD-1/PD-L1 provide prognostic and predictive information for patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp J Stenzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mario Schindeldecker
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Foersch
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Alt
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology & Pneumology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany; Department of Urology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Macher-Goeppinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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7
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Chang WC, Yeh YC, Ho HL, Hsieh SL, Chou TY. Decoy Receptor 3 Expression Is Associated With Wild-Type EGFR Status, Poor Differentiation of Tumor, and Unfavorable Patient Outcome. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:207-216. [PMID: 31077284 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The role of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in lung cancer, particularly adenocarcinoma, has not been well studied. In this study, we aim to investigate the expression profile and the clinicopathologic implications of DcR3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to examine DcR3 expression in 461 lung adenocarcinomas. The differences in DcR3 expression among the various histopathologic patterns were analyzed. The relationship between DcR3 expression and clinicopathologic parameters, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, was also investigated. RESULTS DcR3 expression was more frequently expressed in solid, micropapillary, and acinar patterns (P < .0001) and in tumors with wild-type EGFR status (P = .018). In addition, DcR3 expression portends a less favorable disease-free survival in stage I patients (P = .012). CONCLUSIONS The expression of DcR3 might be involved in the differentiation and progression of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, DcR3 may be applied clinically for prediction of tumor progression in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, MacKay Memorial Hospital and MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ling Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ying Chou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Wu X, Zhang ZX, Chen XY, Xu YL, Yin N, Yang J, Zhu DM, Li DC, Zhou J. A Panel of Three Biomarkers Identified by iTRAQ for the Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1800195. [PMID: 31025496 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to a lack of early diagnostic markers, pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a lethal disease. Proteomic approaches are now being applied to identify novel PC biomarkers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, iTRAQ and LC-MS/MS are used to perform comparative analyses of serum from PC patients and healthy controls (HC), to identify specific serum biomarkers for PC. Serum levels of candidate proteins are determined using ELISA. RESULTS Among 869 proteins identified, 55 are potential biomarkers; Vitamin K-dependent protein Z (PROZ) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6b (TNFRSF6B) are selected for further analysis. Serum levels of PROZ and TNFRSF6B are significantly higher in PC patients than in HC or pancreatic benign controls (BC) (p < 0.01). The AUCs range from 0.816 to 0.971 for PROZ, TNFRSF6B, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, either individually or in combination, in PC versus HC+BC, and from 0.711 to 0.932 in PC Stage I versus HC+BC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE It is demonstrated that PROZ and TNFRSF6B are novel serum biomarkers for detecting early stage PC, and for distinguishing PC from pancreatic benign tumor and healthy individuals. Additional large cohort studies are needed to develop PROZ and TNFRSF6B as clinical PC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Xing-Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ya-Ling Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Ni Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Dong-Ming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - De-Chun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
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9
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Yang CY, Lin CK, Hsieh CC, Tsao CH, Lin CS, Peng B, Chen YT, Ting CC, Chang WC, Lin GJ, Sytwu HK, Chen YW. Anti-oral cancer effects of triptolide by downregulation of DcR3 in vitro, in vivo, and in preclinical patient-derived tumor xenograft model. Head Neck 2018; 41:1260-1269. [PMID: 30537218 PMCID: PMC6590365 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is considered to be a diagnostic and therapeutic target for human cancers. The aim of this study was to assess DcR3 as a target of the anticancer effects of triptolide (TPL) in preclinical patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) models of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods The expression of DcR3 was evaluated through immunohistochemistry, and correlations were examined using clinical variables. The effects of TPL on the expression of DcR3 and cell proliferation were investigated in OSCC cell lines and in PDTX models. Results DcR3 overexpression was associated with overall survival and tumor size. TPL significantly decreased tumor growth. Moreover, TPL inhibited the expression of metastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1), a transcription factor for DcR3 in vivo, in vitro, and in PDTX models. Conclusion TPL appeared to exert anticancer effects by repressing DcR3 and MTA1 in vitro, in vivo, and in PDTX models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Yang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kung Lin
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsieh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Huei Tsao
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo Peng
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tzu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Ting
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chin Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gu-Jiun Lin
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Wu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Zhao T, Xu Y, Ren S, Liang C, Zhou X, Wu J. The siRNA silencing of DcR3 expression induces Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4370-4378. [PMID: 29725377 PMCID: PMC5920343 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional Fas ligand (FasL) may inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells. FasL contains two receptors, Fas and Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3). DcR3 competitively binds to FasL over Fas, resulting in the inhibition of FasL-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, it was suggested that the downregulation of DcR3 expression enhances FasL-mediated apoptosis. In the current study, the expression of DcR3 was silenced in liver cancer HepG2 cells in order to study the effect of FasL on HepG2 cell activity and invasiveness. DcR3 siRNA knockdown HepG2 cells (KD), DcR3 blank plasmid control HepG2 cells and wild-type HepG2 cells (WT) were treated with FasL (10 ng/ml). Flow cytometry was used to detect changes in the cell cycle and apoptosis. MTS, clonogenic, wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to examine changes in cell activity, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to measure the expression of DcR3, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D. The results demonstrated that, compared with WT cells, the proportion of KD cells in the G2/M phase decreased following treatment with FasL. KD cells were more sensitive to FasL-induced apoptosis. Following treatment with FasL, the activity and proliferation, migration and invasion of KD cells were reduced, and the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D decreased. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that DcR3 is involved in the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 cells, and this mechanism may be associated with the regulatory effect of the expression of MMP9, VEGF-C and VEGF-D; however, the exact mechanism of action remains unclear. FollowingDcR3 silencing, FasL-mediated apoptosis increased in HepG2 cells. Therefore, DcR3 combined with FasL may be a potential target for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Yingchen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Shulin Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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Ge H, Liang C, Ren S, Yue C, Wu J. Prognostic value of DcR3 in solid tumors: A meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 481:126-131. [PMID: 29499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) has been reported to be overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors, suggesting that DcR3 plays a crucial role in the development and progression of cancer. The present meta-analysis assesses the association between DcR3 expression and prognosis in patients with solid tumors. METHODS Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese CNKI, and Wan Fang databases. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using fixed effects models and random effects models, respectively. RESULTS Data from the 16 included studies, with 2209 patients, were reviewed and analyzed. DcR3 overexpression was significantly associated with worse OS in patients with solid tumors, but its expression might not be related to RFS in malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence demonstrates that increased DcR3 expression correlates with a poor prognosis in cancer patients, which suggests that the expression status of DcR3 is a useful biomarker for the prediction of prognosis in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ge
- Department of general surgery, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaojie Liang
- Department of general surgery, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Ren
- Department of general surgery, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaosen Yue
- Department of general surgery, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiang Wu
- Department of general surgery, Beijing Tongren hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Dai L, Fu L, Liang Y, Guan X, Bai Y, Xiong G. A functional polymorphism rs2257440 in the gene DcR3 regulates its expression via MTF-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11006-11013. [PMID: 31966445 PMCID: PMC6965886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2257440 in exon 1 of the gene DcR3 is known to be significantly associated with susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the present study, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the SNP might influence the binding of a transcription factor, metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), to its target gene. We further investigated whether the polymorphism rs2257440 could regulate DcR3 expression as a functional SNP via MTF-1. METHODS AND RESULTS Luciferase reporter assay indicated that MTF-1 elevated the expression of luciferase in the presence of the T allele of rs2257440 while no change in the expression was associated with the C allele of the polymorphism. Chromatin immunoprecipitation further evaluated the binding between the locus harboring the T allele and MTF-1. In the case of the TC genotype, over-expression of MTF-1 elevated DcR3 expression, which in turn promoted the invasion capacity of KYSE450 cells. However, there was no significant change in the invasion capacity of EC109 cells, which had the CC genotype. In the cancer cells of the ESCC patients, the expression of DcR3 was higher in the case of the TC or TT genotypes in comparison to the gene expression associated with the CC genotype. Over-expression of MTF-1 also decreased apoptosis of EC109 and KYSE450 cells, but the decrement was more in KYSE450 cells than in EC109 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our finding indicates that rs2257440 is a functional SNP. The T allele of rs2257440 can increase DcR3 expression as it promotes binding of the gene with the specific transcription factor MTF-1. Therefore, the T allele of this polymorphism can decrease apoptosis and promote the invasion capacity of the cells in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing, PR China
| | - Liyuan Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, The 309 Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gang Xiong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University)Chongqing, PR China
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13
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Prognostic relevance of androgen receptor expression in renal cell carcinomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78545-78555. [PMID: 29108248 PMCID: PMC5667981 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite rapid discoveries in molecular biology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and advances in systemic targeted therapies, development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. The androgen receptor (AR) has been shown to hold prognostic and predicitve value in several malignancies. Here, we studied a possible association between AR expression and prognosis in patients with RCCs. Results Low AR expression levels were associated with occurrence of distant metastasis and higher tumor stage in papillary and clear-cell RCCs. Importantly, multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that AR is an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. Materials and Methods The expression of AR was measured by immunohistochemistry and assessed by digital image analysis using a tissue microarray containing tumor tissue of a large and well-documented series of RCC patients with long-term follow-up information. Chi-squared tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to investigate the possible relationship between AR expression and clinico-pathological characteristics and patient survival. Conclusions Patients affected by AR-positive tumors exhibit a favorable prognosis by multiple Cox regression, while loss of AR expression is related to aggressive disease. Therefore, assessing AR expression offers valuable prognostic information that could improve treatment selection for metastatic disease. Moreover, our findings highlight a potential therapeutic use of AR pharmaceuticals in patients with RCCs.
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14
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Zhou XN, Li GM, Xu YC, Zhao TJ, Wu JX. Knockdown of Decoy Receptor 3 Impairs Growth and Invasiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line of HepG2. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:2623-2629. [PMID: 27779171 PMCID: PMC5125343 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.192775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) binds to Fas ligand (FasL) and inhibits FasL-induced apoptosis. The receptor is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it is associated with the growth and metastatic spread of tumors. DcR3 holds promises as a new target for the treatment of HCC, but little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenic properties of DcR3. The present work, therefore, examined the role of DcR3 in regulating the growth and invasive property of liver cancer cell HepG2. Methods: HepG2 cells were stably transfected with lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA vector targeting DcR3. After the knockdown of DcR3 was confirmed, cell proliferation, clone formation, ability of migrating across transwell membrane, and wound healing were assessed in vitro. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP 9) and vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and D expressions of the DcR3 knockdown were also studied. Comparisons between multiple groups were done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while pairwise comparisons were performed using Student's t test. P < 0.05 was regarded statistically significant. Results: DcR3 was overexpressed in HepG2 compared to other HCC cell lines and normal hepatocyte Lo-2. Stable knockdown of DcR3 slowed down the growth of HepG2 (P < 0.05) and reduced the number of clones formed by 50% compared to those without DcR3 knockdown (P < 0.05). The knockdown also reduced the migration of HepG2 across transwell matrix membrane by five folds compared to the control (P < 0.05) and suppressed the closure of scratch wound (P < 0.05). In addition, the messenger RNA levels of MMP 9, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D were significantly suppressed by DcR3 knockdown by 90% when compared with the mock control (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Loss of DcR3 impaired the growth and invasive property of HCC cell line of HepG2. Targeting DcR3 may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guang-Ming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Ying-Chen Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tuan-Jie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Er Long Lu Hospital, Beijing 100032, China
| | - Ji-Xiang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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15
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Macher-Goeppinger S, Keith M, Endris V, Penzel R, Tagscherer KE, Pahernik S, Hohenfellner M, Gardner H, Grüllich C, Schirmacher P, Roth W. MET expression and copy number status in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: prognostic value and potential predictive marker. Oncotarget 2017; 8:1046-1057. [PMID: 27894094 PMCID: PMC5352033 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple targeted therapy for advanced clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has substantially improved patient outcome, but complete remission is uncommon and many tumors eventually develop resistance. Mechanistic, preclinical, and early clinical data highlight c-Met / hepatocyte growth factor receptor as a promising target for RCC therapeutic agents.We have examined MET expression, frequency of MET gene copy gains and MET gene mutation in a large, hospital-based series of renal cell carcinomas with long-term follow-up information.Out of a total of 572 clear-cell RCC, only 17% were negative for MET expression whereas 32% showed high protein levels. High MET expression and MET copy number gains were associated with an aggressive phenotype and an unfavorable patient outcome. Elevated protein levels in absence of gene amplification were not attributed to mutations, based on results of targeted next-generation sequencing.Our data reveal that clear-cell RCC with MET upregulation show an aggressive behavior and MET copy number increase is evident in a substantial percentage of patients with high-grade carcinomas and metastatic disease. Diagnostic assessment of MET expression and amplification may be of predictive value to guide targeted therapy against MET signaling in patients with clear-cell RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Macher-Goeppinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martina Keith
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Endris
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Penzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katrin E. Tagscherer
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Humphrey Gardner
- Translational Medicine, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Grüllich
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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16
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Roth W. [Cell death in malignant tumors. Relevance of cell death regulation for metastasis]. DER PATHOLOGE 2016; 36 Suppl 2:181-4. [PMID: 26400565 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Defects in the regulation of cell death are important causes for both the development and therapy resistance of malignant tumors. Several distinct, molecularly defined types of cell death are known, such as apoptosis, anoikis, and necroptosis. Moreover, the specific triggering of cell death plays an important role in the prevention of metastasis. The results of recent studies have shown that various types of cell death are pivotal at different steps of the metastasis cascade, in order to prevent cellular detachment, migration, invasion, intravasation, extravasation and the establishment of micrometastasis and macrometastasis. At the subcellular level, numerous links exist between cell death regulation and metastasis, specifically regarding signaling pathways and individual proteins with dual or multiple functions. As an example, the decoy receptor 3 protein (DcR3) functions both as an anti-apoptotic protein and as a direct promotor of invasion and migration of tumor cells. In summary, the specific triggering of cell death plays a pivotal role for the prevention of metastasis. On the other hand, the stepwise process of metastasis represents a mechanism of selection resulting in established metastases with a multiresistant phenotype which corresponds to the clinical observation that many metastasized cancers are therapy resistant. In the future, innovative diagnostic tests to individually predict the resistance pattern and possibilities to overcome resistance are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Roth
- Pathologisches Institut, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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17
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The ribosomal protein S6 in renal cell carcinoma: functional relevance and potential as biomarker. Oncotarget 2016; 7:418-32. [PMID: 26506236 PMCID: PMC4808008 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the mTOR pathway, such as everolimus, are promising compounds to treat patients with renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). However, the precise mechanisms of action are far from clear, and biomarkers predicting the response to mTOR inhibitors are still missing. Here, we provide evidence that in RCCs the rpS6 protein is the major mediator of anti-tumoral effects exerted by everolimus. Inhibition of mTOR signaling results in substantially decreased clonogenicity and proliferation of RCC cells, but did not significantly induce apoptosis. Everolimus effectively blocked protein biosynthesis both in vitro and in a novel ex vivo tissue slice model using fresh vital human RCC tissue. Compared to other components of the mTOR pathway, phosphorylation of rpS6 was most effectively downregulated by everolimus. Importantly, siRNA-mediated downregulation of rpS6, but not of 4ebp1 or p27, abolished the inhibitory effects of everolimus on proliferation and protein synthesis. Moreover, we analyzed the tissue expression of phosphorylated rpS6 (p-rpS6) and non-phosphorylated rpS6 in a large collection of patients with RCCs (n=598 and n=548, respectively). Expression of both proteins qualified as independent negative prognostic markers with a substantially shorter survival of patients with RCCs exhibiting high levels of rpS6 and p-rpS6. Taken together, our functional studies identified rpS6 as a main mediator of the anti-tumoral activity of Everolimus. Therefore, further (pre-)clinical evaluations of rpS6 as a predictive marker for everolimus-based treatment for RCC patients are warranted. Finally, the combined detection of phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated rpS6 could represent a robust prognostic marker to identify patients with high risk RCCs.
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18
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Im J, Kim K, Hergert P, Nho RS. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis fibroblasts become resistant to Fas ligand-dependent apoptosis via the alteration of decoy receptor 3. J Pathol 2016; 240:25-37. [PMID: 27218286 DOI: 10.1002/path.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an irreversible lethal lung disease with an unknown etiology. IPF patients' lung fibroblasts express inappropriately high Akt activity, protecting them in response to an apoptosis-inducing type I collagen matrix. FasL, a ligand for Fas, is known to be increased in the lung tissues of patients with IPF, implicated with the progression of IPF. Expression of Decoy Receptor3 (DcR3), which binds to FasL, thereby subsequently suppressing the FasL-Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway, is frequently altered in various human disease. However, the role of DcR3 in IPF fibroblasts in regulating their viability has not been examined. We found that enhanced DcR3 expression exists in the majority of IPF fibroblasts on collagen matrices, resulting in the protection of IPF fibroblasts from FasL-induced apoptosis. Abnormally high Akt activity suppresses GSK-3β function, thereby accumulating the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) in the nucleus, increasing DcR3 expression in IPF fibroblasts. This alteration protects IPF cells from FasL-induced apoptosis on collagen. However, the inhibition of Akt or NFATc1 decreases DcR3 mRNA and protein levels, which sensitizes IPF fibroblasts to FasL-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, enhanced DcR3 and NFATc1 expression is mainly present in myofibroblasts in the fibroblastic foci of lung tissues derived from IPF patients. Our results showed that when IPF cells interact with collagen matrix, aberrantly activated Akt increases DcR3 expression via GSK-3β-NFATc1 and protects IPF cells from the FasL-dependent apoptotic pathway. These findings suggest that the inhibition of DcR3 function may be an effective approach for sensitizing IPF fibroblasts in response to FasL, limiting the progression of lung fibrosis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyutae Kim
- College of Biological Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Polla Hergert
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Lung Morphology Research Core Department, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Chang TY, Hsu CY, Huang PH, Chiang CH, Leu HB, Huang CC, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Usefulness of Circulating Decoy Receptor 3 in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease Severity and Future Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease. Am J Cardiol 2015; 116:1028-33. [PMID: 26254707 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is an antiapoptotic soluble receptor considered to play an important role in immune modulation and has pro-inflammatory functions. This study was designed to test whether circulating DcR3 levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity and predict future major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with CAD. Circulating DcR3 levels and the Syntax score (SXscore) were determined in patients with multivessel CAD. The primary end point was the MACE within 12 months. In total, 152 consecutive patients with angiographically confirmed multivessel CAD who had received percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled and were divided into 3 groups according to CAD lesion severity. Group 1 was defined as low SXscore (≤13), group 2 as intermediate SXscore (>13 and ≤22), and group 3 as high SXscore (>22). DcR3 levels were significantly higher in the high SXscore group than the other 2 groups (13,602 ± 7,256 vs 8,025 ± 7,789 vs 4,637 ± 4,403 pg/ml, p <0.001). By multivariate analysis, circulating DcR3 levels were identified as an independent predictor for high SXscore (adjusted odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.21; p <0.001). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that increased circulating DcR3 levels are associated with enhanced 1-year MACE in patients with multivessel CAD (log-rank p <0.001). In conclusion, increased circulating DcR3 levels are associated with CAD severity and predict future MACE in patients with multivessel CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Hsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuli Branch, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hung Chiang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bang Leu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chou Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Macher-Göppinger S. [Novel biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma. Identification and functional characterization]. DER PATHOLOGE 2015; 36 Suppl 2:201-4. [PMID: 26362327 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-015-0081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Due to advanced imaging techniques, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is now identified earlier, often in localized stages. As a result, nephron-sparing surgical resection is possible in most cases. The development of new targeted therapies has changed the way metastatic RCC is treated. Despite this positive trend with improved survival rates and expanding treatment options, reliable biomarkers for better predicting disease course are lacking. These are urgently needed to enable personalized therapy based on the treatment-associated risks, the presence of comorbidities, and molecular tumor characteristics. We were able to show that proteins with a regulatory influence on apoptotic signal cascades represent not only promising prognostic markers, but also interesting targets for new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that molecular tests are necessary to correctly classify a RCC with Xp11.2 translocation, since in addition to translocation, amplification can also result in TFE3 activation. Translational research with RCC biomarker identification and establishment, as well as molecular characterization and subtyping of RCCs is required to guide therapeutic decisions and enable personalized medicine in RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Macher-Göppinger
- Pathologisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
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21
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Liang D, Hou Y, Lou X, Chen H. Decoy Receptor 3 Improves Survival in Experimental Sepsis by Suppressing the Inflammatory Response and Lymphocyte Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131680. [PMID: 26121476 PMCID: PMC4488266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Unbalanced inflammatory response and lymphocyte apoptosis is associated with high mortality in septic patients. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic factor. Recently, DcR3 expression was found to be increased in septic patients. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of DcR3 on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis in mice. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CLP-induced polymicrobial sepsis. DcR3 Fc was intravenously injected 30 min before and 6 h after CLP. Bacterial clearance, cytokine production, histology, lymphocyte apoptosis and survival were evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated the systemic effects of DcR3 in in vitro lymphocyte apoptosis regulation. Results Our results demonstrated that DcR3 protein treatments significantly improved survival in septic mice (p <0.05). Treatment with DcR3 protein significantly reduced the inflammatory response and decreased lymphocyte apoptosis in the thymus and spleen. Histopathological findings of the lung and liver showed milder impairment after DcR3 administration. In vitro experiments showed that DcR3 Fc inhibited Fas-FasL mediated lymphocyte apoptosis. Conclusions Treatment with the DcR3 protein protects mice from sepsis by suppressing the inflammatory response and lymphocyte apoptosis. DcR3 protein may be useful in treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongYu Liang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - YanQiang Hou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - XiaoLi Lou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - HongWei Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Hatiboglu G, Huber J, Herpel E, Popeneciu IV, Nyarangi-Dix J, Teber D, Hadaschik BA, Pahernik S, Duensing S, Hohenfellner M. [Structure of biobanks for urological research]. Urologe A 2014; 54:1256-60. [PMID: 25503899 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research plays an important role in the development of novel diagnostic procedures, drugs and treatment strategies with regard to cancerous and chronic inflammatory diseases. Biobanks are essential tools in this process. The complex structures and benefits of biobanks are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hatiboglu
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland,
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23
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Wu Q, Zheng Y, Chen D, Li X, Lu C, Zhang Z. Aberrant expression of decoy receptor 3 in human breast cancer: relevance to lymphangiogenesis. J Surg Res 2014; 188:459-65. [PMID: 24612949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a decoy receptor against Fas ligand belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is overexpressed in some forms of cancer. It was recently reported that DcR3 could protect endothelial cells from apoptosis, implying a potential role in the development of vessels, whereas its role in the lymphangiogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we studied the DcR3 expression and its relationship with the lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD) to investigate if it played a role in the lymph metastasis of human breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed to measure the messenger RNA and protein expression of DcR3 in the breast cancer tissues, noncancerous counterparts, and axillary lymph node from 63 patients. LMVD in these specimens was assessed by counting the D2-40 labeled-microvessels. Furthermore, the correlations between DcR3 expression and LMVD and other clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed. RESULTS DcR3 was overexpressed in the breast cancer tissue of 58 patients (92.1%) and was also expressed in vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells in the lymph nodes. LMVD in cancer tissue and lymph nodes were both positively correlated to the aberrant expression of DcR3. CONCLUSIONS The relevance between DcR3 overexpression and LMVD revealed the existence of possible links between DcR3 and lymphangiogenesis. Based on these findings, it is important to further explore the regulation of lymphangiogenesis operated by the reverse tumor necrosis factor signaling of DcR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuwan Wu
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Donghan Chen
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chuanhui Lu
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Xiamen Cancer Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Weissinger D, Tagscherer KE, Macher-Göppinger S, Haferkamp A, Wagener N, Roth W. The soluble Decoy Receptor 3 is regulated by a PI3K-dependent mechanism and promotes migration and invasion in renal cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:120. [PMID: 24107265 PMCID: PMC3852559 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3), a soluble member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is a common event in several types of cancer. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), DcR3 overexpression is associated with lymph node and distant metastasis as well as a poor prognosis. However, the functional role and regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC is so far unknown. Methods Modulation of DcR3 expression by siRNA and ectopic gene expression, respectively, was performed in ACHN and 769-P RCC cell lines. Functional effects of a modulated DcR3 expression were analyzed with regard to migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, and proliferation. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were performed to evaluate the expression of downstream mediators of DcR3. In further experiments, luciferase assays, quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were applied to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in RCC. Additionally, an ex vivo tissue slice culture technique combined with immunohistochemistry was used to study the regulation of DcR3 expression in human RCC specimens. Results Here, we show that DcR3 promotes adhesion, migration and invasiveness of RCC cells. The DcR3-dependent increase in cellular invasiveness is accompanied with an up-regulation of integrin alpha 4, matrixmetalloproteinase 7 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). Further, we identified a signaling pathway regulating DcR3 expression in RCC. Using in vitro experiments as well as an ex vivo RCC tissue slice culture model, we demonstrate that expression of DcR3 is regulated in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner involving the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Conclusions Taken together, our results identify DcR3 as a key driver of tumor cell dissemination and suggest DcR3 as a promising target for rational therapy of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Weissinger
- Molecular Tumor-Pathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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Marchesi M, Andersson E, Villabona L, Seliger B, Lundqvist A, Kiessling R, Masucci GV. HLA-dependent tumour development: a role for tumour associate macrophages? J Transl Med 2013; 11:247. [PMID: 24093459 PMCID: PMC3856519 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA abnormalities on tumour cells for immune escape have been widely described. In addition, cellular components of the tumour microenvironment, in particular myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and alternatively activated M2 tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), are involved in tumour promotion, progression, angiogenesis and suppression of anti-tumour immunity. However, the role of HLA in these activities is poorly understood. This review details MHC class I characteristics and describes MHC class I receptors functions. This analysis established the basis for a reflection about the crosstalk among the tumour cells, the TAMs and the cells mediating an immune response.The tumour cells and TAMs exploit MHC class I molecules to modulate the surrounding immune cells. HLA A, B, C and G molecules down-regulate the macrophage myeloid activation through the interaction with the inhibitory LILRB receptors. HLA A, B, C are able to engage inhibitory KIR receptors negatively regulating the Natural Killer and cytotoxic T lymphocytes function while HLA-G induces the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines and chemokine thanks to an activator KIR receptor expressed by a minority of peripheral NK cells. The open conformer of classical MHC-I is able to interact with LILRA receptors described as being associated to the Th2-type cytokine response, triggering a condition for the M2 like TAM polarization. In addition, HLA-E antigens on the surface of the TAMs bind the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A expressed by a subset of NK cells and activated cytotoxic T lymphocytes protecting from the cytolysis.Furthermore MHC class II expression by antigen presenting cells is finely regulated by factors provided with immunological capacities. Tumour-associated macrophages show an epigenetically controlled down-regulation of the MHC class II expression induced by the decoy receptor DcR3, a member of the TNFR, which further enhances the M2-like polarization. BAT3, a positive regulator of MHC class II expression in normal macrophages, seems to be secreted by TAMs, consequently lacking its intracellular function, it looks like acting as an immunosuppressive factor.In conclusion HLA could cover a considerable role in tumour-development orchestrated by tumour-associated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Marchesi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emilia Andersson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa Villabona
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Kiessling
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe V Masucci
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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DcR3 regulates the growth and metastatic potential of SW480 colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2741-8. [PMID: 24101127 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is considered to have anti‑apoptotic and pro-metastatic functions, suggesting it might be a therapeutic target. We examined the role and mechanisms of DcR3 on growth and the metastatic ability of SW480 colon cancer cells to provide therapeutic information for targeting DcR3 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Growth and the metastatic ability were inhibited, apoptosis was induced and cell cycle profile was changed after decreasing DcR3 expression, with lower levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression. Our results implied the therapeutic potential of silencing DcR3 expression by RNAi in colon cancer.
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Huber J, Herpel E, Jakobi H, Hadaschik BA, Pahernik S, Hohenfellner M. Two decades' experience with a prospective biobank for urologic oncology: research, clinical care, and the patients' view. Urol Oncol 2013; 31:990-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ao R, Du YQ, Wang Y, Chen YS, Wang BY. MMP-2 and DcR3 expression in esophageal cancer tissue and correlation with patient survival. Int J Clin Exp Med 2013; 6:700-705. [PMID: 24040480 PMCID: PMC3762627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the expression of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) and the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in esophageal carcinoma and their relationship with patient survival. METHODS The EnVision(TM) immunohistochemistry method was used to examine DcR3 and MMP-2 expression in 150 surgical biopsies of esophageal carcinoma. Expression level was compared with clinical indices and with patient survival. RESULTS In cancer tissues, the positive expression rate of DcR3 and MMP-2 was 54.00% and 54.67% respectively; this was higher than levels in adjacent normal tissue. DcR3 and MMP-2 were positively correlated with carcinoma size, lymphatic metastasis, invasion degree, clinical stage and 3-year survival. DcR3 and MMP-2 were not correlated with gender, age and tumor degree of differentiation. DcR3 and MMP-2 were positively correlated between in the two groups (r = 0.37, P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that higher rates of DcR3 and MMP-2 expression correlated with lower survival. CONCLUSIONS Determining DcR3 and MMP-2 expression may be useful for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of patients with esophageal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang, China
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Toda M, Kawamoto T, Ueha T, Kishimoto K, Hara H, Fukase N, Onishi Y, Harada R, Minoda M, Kurosaka M, Akisue T. 'Decoy' and 'non-decoy' functions of DcR3 promote malignant potential in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:703-12. [PMID: 23817777 PMCID: PMC3787885 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble secreted protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. DcR3 inhibits the Fas ligand (FasL)/Fas apoptotic pathway by binding to FasL, competitively with Fas receptor. Previous studies have reported that overexpression of DcR3 has been detected in various human malignancies and that DcR3 functions as a ‘decoy’ for FasL to inhibit FasL-induced apoptosis. In addition, recent studies have revealed that DcR3 has ‘non-decoy’ functions to promote tumor cell migration and invasion, suggesting that DcR3 may play important roles in tumor progression by decoy and non-decoy functions. We have previously reported that overexpression of DcR3 was observed in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), however, the roles of DcR3 in MFH have not been studied. In the present study, to elucidate the roles of DcR3 in tumor progression of MFH, we examined the effects of DcR3 inhibition on cell apoptosis, migration and invasion in human MFH cells. siRNA knockdown of DcR3 enhanced the FasL-induced apoptotic activity and significantly decreased cell migration and invasion with a decrease in the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2. The findings in this study strongly suggest that DcR3 plays important roles in tumor progression of human MFH by decoy as well as non-decoy functions and that DcR3 may serve as a potent therapeutic target for human MFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Toda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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Chang WC, Chen JY, Lee CH, Yang AH. Expression of decoy receptor 3 in diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: correlation with M2 macrophage differentiation and lymphatic invasion. Thyroid 2013; 23. [PMID: 23186064 PMCID: PMC3675829 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSV-PTC) is a unique variant of PTC that is characterized by extensive lymphovascular invasion of tumor cells in a background of lymphocytic thyroiditis. The lymphatic emboli contain tumor cells as well as macrophages, but the recruitment of these macrophages is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and lymphatic invasion in DSV-PTC. METHODS We retrospectively examined 14 cases of DSV-PTC using immunohistochemistry studies. The density of TAMs, lymphatic vessel density, lymphatic invasion, tumor emboli area, and DcR3 expression were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test, unpaired t-test, and linear regression. RESULTS The lymphatic tumor emboli contained a relatively higher density of TAMs than stroma and classical PTC (CPTC) areas. In addition, the number of lymphatic invasions and the size of the tumor emboli area were positively correlated with the number of M2 TAMs. A higher density of M2 TAMs was associated with older patients and larger tumor size. Moreover, DcR3 was expressed only in lymphatic tumor cells and squamous metaplastic tumor cells, but not in macrophages and CPTC. In addition, the preferential expression of DcR3 in tumors was associated with higher levels of M2 TAMs and lymphatic invasion. CONCLUSION Despite the fact that the exact relationship between DcR3, M2 macrophages, and lymphatic invasion in DSV-PTC remains to be elucidated, our findings suggest that DcR3 expression in DSV-PTC tumor cells may promote the polarized macrophage differentiation toward the M2 phenotype. This phenomenon may further promote lymphatic invasion of DSV-PTC tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chin Chang
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Medicine, Nursing, and Management College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Chen
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsen Lee
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Hang Yang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bedewy AML, Elgammal MMA, Bedewy MML, El-Maghraby SM. Assessing DcR3 expression in relation to survivin and other prognostic factors in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:1359-67. [PMID: 23652586 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily whose overexpression has been observed in several human malignancies. Survivin is one of the inhibitors of apoptosis proteins that are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of malignancies. We aimed to evaluate the expression of DcR3 in relation to survivin in B cell non-Hodgkin`s lymphoma (NHL) and then we focused on patients with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL) (50 cases) and correlated DcR3 expression with survivin expression and other prognostic parameters. Fifteen subjects with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were included as controls. The expression of DcR3 and survivin were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lymph node sections from 80 cases of B cell NHL and 15 controls. Bone marrow biopsy sections of patients were also immunostained with the previous markers. RESULTS DcR3 expression was found in 32.5% of B cell NHL patients versus 6.7% of controls (p <0.001) and was associated with the aggressive/highly aggressive subtypes. DcR3 was strongly expressed in 30% of DLBCL patients, where it was associated with survivin expression, high international prognostic index (IPI), the presence of extra nodal disease, ECOG performance status >1, reduced remission rates and shorter event-free survival. The expression of survivin was 40% in B cell NHL patients versus 13.3% in the control group (p <0.001). The expression of survivin in aggressive/highly aggressive B cell NHL was significantly higher than that in indolent B cell NHL. Survivin expression has been detected in 44% of the DLBCL patients and was associated with their clinical stage and shorter event-free survival (p = 0.026). Bone marrow biopsy sections from DLBCL patients showed significant DcR3 and survivin over expressions in sections with infiltration by lymphoma cells than sections with no infiltration. CONCLUSION DcR3 expression was associated with other prognostic factors including survivin, reduced remission rates, and shorter event-free survival. Survivin is closely related to aggressive/highly aggressive subtypes of B cell NHL and is associated with shorter event-free survival. Both DcR3 and survivin expressions on bone marrow sections can be of help in diagnosing bone marrow infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M L Bedewy
- Hematology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Lin YT, Yen CH, Chen HL, Liao YJ, Lin IF, Chen M, Lan YC, Chuang SY, Hsieh SL, Chen YMA. The serologic decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) levels are associated with slower disease progression in HIV-1/AIDS patients. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 114:498-503. [PMID: 26062966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) super-family. It counteracts the biological effects of Fas ligands and inhibits apoptosis. The goals of this study were to understand the associations between serologic DcR3 (sDcR3) levels and different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes, as well as the AIDS disease progression. METHODS Serum samples from 61 HIV/AIDS patients, who had been followed up every 6 months for 3 years, were collected. sDcR3 levels were quantified using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS The sDcR3 levels in patients with HIV-1 subtype B were significantly higher than those in patients infected with subtype CRF01_AE (p < 0.001). In addition, multivariable linear mixed model analysis demonstrated that HIV-1 subtype B and slow disease progression were associated with higher levels of sDcR3, adjusting for potential predictors (p = 0.0008 and 0.0455, respectively). CONCLUSION HIV-1-infected cells may gain a survival advantage by activating DcR3, which prevents infected cell detection by the host immune system. These data indicate that the sDcR3 level is a biomarker for AIDS disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Lin
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Li Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - I-Feng Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Marcelo Chen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yuan Chuang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Infection and Immunity Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Immunology Centre, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- AIDS Prevention and Research Centre, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Hatiboglu G, Pritsch M, Macher-Goeppinger S, Zöller M, Huber J, Haferkamp A, Pahernik S, Wagener N, Hohenfellner M. Prognostic value of melanoma-associated antigen A9 in renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Urol 2012; 47:311-22. [PMID: 23140095 DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2012.740070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) A9 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for MAGE A9 was evaluated in a tissue microarray containing 587 RCC tumour tissue samples. Nuclear MAGE A9 expression was reviewed using a semiquantitative score. Follow-up has been surveyed since 1990 in a prospectively conducted tumour database. The effect of MAGE A9 expression on cancer-specific survival (CSS) was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed for non-metastatic and metastatic disease. RESULTS Median age in all patients was 63.2 years, 354 patients were male and 233 female, and 108 patients had metastatic disease. Median follow-up was 5.6 years for all patients and 9.0 years for patients still alive (range 0-19.9 years). High nuclear MAGE A9 expression was present in 326 tumour specimens (55.5%). In multivariate analyses high nuclear MAGE A9 expression was associated with poor CSS (p = 0.0027). Furthermore, tumour stage, lymph-node and distant metastasis, Fuhrman grade G3/4, Karnofsky index < 80% and male gender were associated with poor CSS. In subgroup analyses, results were concordant for patients with non-metastatic disease. In patients with metastatic disease, only Karnofsky index > 80% was a significant predictor for CSS; MAGE A9 expression could not be shown to be associated with CSS (p = 0.161). CONCLUSIONS High nuclear MAGE A9 expression is independently associated with poor CSS in patients with non-metastatic RCC. The assessment of MAGE A9 expression can provide additional prognostic information and should be used in decision-making regarding adjuvant therapy in patients with non-metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gencay Hatiboglu
- Department of Urology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Zhou J, Song SD, Li DC, Zhou J, Zhu DM, Zheng SY. Clinical significance of expression and amplification of the DcR3 gene in pancreatic carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012; 13:719-24. [PMID: 22524850 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.2.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of expression and amplification of decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) in pancreatic carcinomas (PC). mRNA expression was detected by PQ-PCR, and amplification was determined. DcR3 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Correlations between DcR3 expression and clinical pathological factors were analyzed. The relative amount of DcR3 in PC tissues and non-cancerous tissues showed a statistically significant difference, 21 cases displaying more than two fold DcR3 amplification, while no such amplification was found in normal pancreatic tissues. DcR3 positive cell staining was located in the cytoplasm. The positive rate of DcR3 in PC and non-cancerous tissues showed a significant difference. DcR3 mRNA expression was correlated with clinical staging, size of the tumor, lymph node metastasis and histological staging, while protein expression was correlated with clinical data like tumor size. DcR3 gene amplification only correlated with tumor size. The level of DcR3 in serum of the PC resectable group before operation was 72.2±10.2 pg/ml, showing a significant difference compared to gallbladder carcinoma group (GC) or pancreatic benign tumor (PBT) group (P <0.01). In conclusion, DcR3 amplification is correlated with DcR3 expression in PC tissues, especially those clinical pathological factors which reflect tumor progression. Assessment of DcR3 level in sera of PC patients may be helpful for the early diagnosis and prognostic judgement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
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Kim S, Mi L, Zhang L. Specific elevation of DcR3 in sera of sepsis patients and its potential role as a clinically important biomarker of sepsis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 73:312-7. [PMID: 22647538 PMCID: PMC3396789 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of its potentially important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis, the expression of soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) was investigated in sera of sepsis patients. The serum levels of DcR3 and its tumor necrosis factor-like ligand TL1A and homologous decoy receptor OPG were quantified by ELISA. The values of DcR3 to diagnose sepsis were analyzed by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The results showed that DcR3 was significantly elevated in sepsis compared to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), a condition similar to sepsis but resulting from noninfectious insults. DcR3 showed superior area under the ROC curve (AUC, 0.958) compared to poor AUCs of TL1A and OPG. At a cut-off of 3.24 ng/mL, DcR3 predicted sepsis from SIRS with 96% sensitivity and 82.6% specificity. DcR3 also predicted sepsis from cancer and inflammatory bowel disease with equally excellent values. Therefore, DcR3 serum level has the potential to serve as a reliable biomarker of sepsis.
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Connor JP, Felder M, Kapur A, Onujiogu N. DcR3 binds to ovarian cancer via heparan sulfate proteoglycans and modulates tumor cells response to platinum with corresponding alteration in the expression of BRCA1. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:176. [PMID: 22583667 PMCID: PMC3462721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overcoming platinum resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC). In our previous work Decoy Receptor 3 (DcR3) was found to be related to platinum resistance. The major objective of this work was to define the cellular interaction of DcR3 with EOC and to explore its effects on platinum responsiveness. METHODS We studied cell lines and primary cultures for the expression of and the cells ability to bind DcR3. Cells were cultured with DcR3 and then exposed to platinum. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Finally, the cells molecular response to DcR3 was studied using real time RT-PCR based differential expression arrays, standard RT-PCR, and Western blot. RESULTS High DcR3 in the peritoneal cavity of women with EOC is associated with significantly shorter time to first recurrence after platinum based therapy (p = 0.02). None-malignant cells contribute DcR3 in the peritoneal cavity. The cell lines studied do not secrete DcR3; however they all bind exogenous DcR3 to their surface implying that they can be effected by DcR3 from other sources. DcR3s protein binding partners are minimally expressed or negative, however, all cells expressed the DcR3 binding Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs) Syndecans-2, and CD44v3. DcR3 binding was inhibited by heparin and heparinase. After DcR3 exposure both SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 became more resistant to platinum with 15% more cells surviving at high doses. On the contrary CaOV3 became more sensitive to platinum with 20-25% more cell death. PCR array analysis showed increase expression of BRCA1 mRNA in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 and decreased BRCA1 expression in CaOV-3 after exposure to DcR3. This was confirmed by gene specific real time PCR and Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS Non-malignant cells contribute to the high levels of DcR3 in ovarian cancer. DcR3 binds readily to EOC cells via HSPGs and alter their responsiveness to platinum chemotherapy. The paradoxical responses seen were related to the expression pattern of HSPGs available on the cells surface to interact with. Although the mechanism behind this is not completely known alterations in DNA repair pathways including the expression of BRCA1 appear to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Connor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53703, USA.
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Pichler M, Hutterer GC, Chromecki TF, Jesche J, Kampel-Kettner K, Rehak P, Pummer K, Zigeuner R. Histologic tumor necrosis is an independent prognostic indicator for clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2012; 137:283-9. [PMID: 22261455 DOI: 10.1309/ajcplbk9l9kdyqzp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Histologic tumor necrosis (TN) has been reported to indicate a poor prognosis for different human cancers. In papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), data regarding the prognostic impact of TN are conflicting. We retrospectively studied the pathology records of 2,333 consecutive patients who underwent nephrectomy from 1984 to 2006 at a single tertiary academic center. In multivariate analyses regarding clear cell RCC, the presence of histologic TN was an independent negative prognostic factor for metastasis-free (hazard ratio [HR], 2.32; confidence interval [CI], 1.86-2.9; P < .001) and overall (HR, 1.52; CI, 1.31-1.76; P < .001) survival. Regarding papillary RCC, the presence of histologic TN represented an independent predictor of metastasis-free (HR, 5.22; CI, 2.2-12.5; P < .001) and overall (HR, 1.69; CI, 1.11-2.58; P = .015) survival. Our findings suggest that the presence of TN is an independent predictor of clinical outcome in clear cell and papillary RCC. Thus, histologic TN might be a reliable prognostic indicator and should, therefore, routinely be examined during pathologic analysis of RCC specimens.
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Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas associated with Xp11.2 translocations have recently been identified as a distinct biological entity. The translocation results in the fusion of the transcription factor TFE3 to one of several different fusion partners including PRCC, PSF, NONO, ASPL or CTLC with consecutive overexpression of the chimeric protein. As the true frequency of these neoplasms as well as the biological properties of TFE3 activation in renal cell carcinomas are largely unknown, we have examined TFE3 expression as well as the underlying genetic alterations in a large, hospital-based series of renal cell carcinomas with long-term follow-up information. Out of a total of 876 tumours, TFE3 translocations were detected in five cases (0.6%). Three additional cases were identified in a second series of cases comprising of renal cell carcinomas developing in patients before the age of 50. However, using immunohistochemistry, 9% of all renal cell carcinomas showed some degree of TFE3 reactivity. Interestingly, these cases were associated with high nuclear grade, greater tumour extent and metastatic disease as well as an unfavourable patient outcome on uni- and multivariate analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) revealed TFE3 amplifications as an additional, novel mechanism leading to increased TFE3 expression levels. In conclusion, our data show that Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas are uncommon tumours accounting for <1% of adult renal cell carcinomas and that the diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinomas needs to be verified using molecular techniques. In turn, TFE3 overexpressing tumours show an aggressive behaviour and Xp11 translocation is only one of several possible underlying genomic alterations.
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Tai SK, Chang HC, Lan KL, Lee CT, Yang CY, Chen NJ, Chou TY, Tarng DC, Hsieh SL. Decoy receptor 3 enhances tumor progression via induction of tumor-associated macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2464-71. [PMID: 22287720 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. TAMs are heterogeneous, with distinct phenotypes influenced by the microenvironment surrounding tumor tissues. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the TNFR superfamily, is overexpressed in tumor cells and is capable of modulating host immunity as either a neutralizing decoy receptor or an effector molecule. Upregulation of DcR3 has been observed to correlate with a poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying the DcR3-mediated tumor-promoting effect remain unclear. We previously demonstrated that DcR3 modulates macrophage activation toward an M2-like phenotype in vitro and that DcR3 downregulates MHC class II expression in TAMs via epigenetic control. To investigate whether DcR3 promotes tumor growth, CT26-DcR3 stable transfectants were established. Compared with the vector control clone, DcR3-transfectants grew faster and resulted in TAM infiltration. We further generated CD68 promoter-driven DcR3 transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate tumor growth in vivo. Compared with wild-type mice, macrophages isolated from DcR3-Tg mice displayed higher levels of IL-10, IL-1ra, Ym1, and arginase activity, whereas the expression of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-6, NO, and MHC class II was downregulated. Significantly enhanced tumor growth and spreading were observed in DcR3-Tg mice, and the enhanced tumor growth was abolished by arginase inhibitor N-ω-hydroxy-l-norarginine and histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium valproate. These results indicated that induction of TAMs is an important mechanism for DcR3-mediated tumor progression. Our findings also suggest that targeting DcR3 might help in the development of novel treatment strategies for tumors with high DcR3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Kuan Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
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Tu HF, Liu CJ, Liu SY, Chen YP, Yu EH, Lin SC, Chang KW. Serum decoy receptor 3 level: a predictive marker for nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients. Head Neck 2011; 33:396-402. [PMID: 20645287 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validating markers for prediction of nodal metastasis could be beneficial in treatment of oral cavity cancer. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), locus on 20q13, functions as a death decoy inhibiting apoptosis mediated by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. METHODS This study analyzed the serum level of DcR3 in relationship to the clinical parameters of oral cavity cancer patients together with detection of DcR3 genomic copy number in primary and recurrent tumors. RESULTS Elevated serum DcR3 was associated with nodal metastasis and worse prognosis. Gain of DcR3 copy number was detected in 17% of primary tumor tissue but not found in healthy areca chewers. Tissue from recurrent tumors showed more frequent DcR3 copy number alteration (48%) than the paired primary tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS Serum DcR3 level is a predictor for the nodal metastasis and survival among oral cavity cancer patients and the DcR3 copy number alteration could underlie oral carcinogenesis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Feng Tu
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Lin WW, Hsieh SL. Decoy receptor 3: a pleiotropic immunomodulator and biomarker for inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 81:838-47. [PMID: 21295012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several decoy molecules belonging to tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) have been identified, including decoy receptor 1 (DcR1), decoy receptor 2 (DcR2), and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3). One of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) members, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), binds to DcR1 and DcR2, which are membranous receptors with a truncated cytoplasmic domain, thus unable to transduce TRAIL-mediated signaling. In contrast to DcR1 and DcR2, DcR3 is a soluble receptor capable of neutralizing the biological effects of three other TNFSF members: Fas ligand (FasL/TNFSF6/CD95L), LIGHT (TNFSF14) and TNF-like molecule 1A (TL1A/TNFSF15). Since FasL is a potent apoptosis- and inflammation-inducing factor, LIGHT is involved in apoptosis and inflammation, and TL1A is a T cell costimulator and is involved in gut inflammation, DcR3 can be defined as an immunomodulator on the basis of its neutralizing effects on FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A. Initial studies demonstrated that DcR3 expression is elevated in tumors cells; however, later work showed that DcR3 expression is also upregulated in inflammatory diseases, where serum DcR3 levels correlate with disease progression. In addition to its neutralizing effect, DcR3 also acts as an effector molecule to modulate cell function via 'non-decoy' activities. This review focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of DcR3 via 'decoy' and 'non-decoy' functions, and discusses the potential of DcR3 as a biomarker to predict cancer invasion and inflammation progression. We also discuss the possible utility of recombinant DcR3 as a therapeutic agent to control autoimmune diseases, as well as the potential to attenuate tumor progression by inhibiting DcR3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ge Z, Sanders AJ, Ye L, Jiang WG. Aberrant expression and function of death receptor-3 and death decoy receptor-3 in human cancer. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:167-172. [PMID: 22977485 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Death receptor-3 (DR3) and death decoy receptor-3 (DcR3) are both members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. The TNFR superfamily contains eight death domain-containing receptors, including TNFR1 (also called DR1), Fas (also called DR2), DR3, DR4, DR5, DR6, NGFR and EDAR. Upon the binding of these receptors with their corresponding ligands, the death domain recruits various proteins that mediate both the death and proliferation of cells. Receptor function is negatively regulated by decoy receptors (DcR1, DcR2, DcR3 and OPG). DR3/DcR3 are a pair of positive and negative players with which vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) interacts. VEGI has been suggested to be a potential tumour suppressor. The inhibitory effects of VEGI on cancer are manifested in three main areas: a direct effect on cancer cells, an anti-angiogenic effect on endothelial cells, and the stimulation of dendritic cell maturation. A recent study indicated that DR3 may be a new receptor for E-selectin, which has been reported to be associated with cancer metastasis. DcR3 is a soluble receptor, highly expressed in various tumours, which lacks an apparent transmembrane segment, prevents cytokine response through ligand binding and neutralization, and is an inhibitor of apoptosis. DcR3 serves as a decoy receptor for FasL, LIGHT and VEGI. The cytokine LIGHT activates various anti-tumour functions and is expected to be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Certain tumours may escape FasL-dependent immune-cytotoxic attack by expressing DcR3, which blocks FasL function. DR3/DcR3 play profound roles in regulating cell death and proliferation in cancer. The present review briefly discusses DR3/DcR3 and attempts to elucidate the role of these negative and positive players in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Ge
- Metastasis and Angiogenesis Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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Xiong G, Guo H, Ge X, Xu X, Yang X, Yang K, Jiang Y, Bai Y. Decoy receptor 3 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: correlation with tumour invasion and metastasis. Biomarkers 2010; 16:155-60. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2010.536258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiong
- Dr. Gang Xiong, Prof. Kang Yang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Hong Guo
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Dr. Xiaodong Ge, Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Kang Yang
- Dr. Gang Xiong, Prof. Kang Yang, Department of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
| | - Yaoguang Jiang
- Prof. Yaoguang Jiang, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P. R. China
| | - Yun Bai
- Dr. Hong Guo, Dr. Xueqing Xu, Dr. Xiaoya Yang, Prof. Yun Bai, Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P. R. China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is amplified and over-expressed in various cancers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the concentration of DcR3 in sera of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and its clinical significance. METHODS Serum concentrations of DcR3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 67 patients with HCC, 8 with liver cirrhosis, 17 with cholecystitis, and in 28 healthy individuals. Immunohistochemistry was employed to access protein expression of DcR3 in the corresponding HCC tissues. RESULTS Serum concentrations of DcR3 in patients with HCC or cirrhosis were significantly higher than in healthy individuals (P < 0.01). Moreover, serum concentrations of DcR3 in HCC patients were associated with TNM stage, para-cirrhosis, capsular infiltration, and metastasis or recurrence of disease (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the serum concentration of DcR3 and protein expression in HCC tissues (r = 0.472, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The high serum concentration of DcR3 might play a certain role in pathogenesis, progress, and metastasis of HCC. Moreover, DcR3 might serve as a valuable molecular indicator in early diagnosis and contribute to predicting the clinical outcome in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisongzhu Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical College of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, People's Republic ofChina
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Yiwu Dang
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
| | - Dianzhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, People's Republic ofChina
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Wagener N, Macher-Goeppinger S, Pritsch M, Hüsing J, Hoppe-Seyler K, Schirmacher P, Pfitzenmaier J, Haferkamp A, Hoppe-Seyler F, Hohenfellner M. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression is an independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:524. [PMID: 20920340 PMCID: PMC2958940 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene exerts oncogene-like activities and its (over)expression has been linked to several human malignancies. Here, we studied a possible association between EZH2 expression and prognosis in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods EZH2 protein expression in RCC specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray (TMA) containing RCC tumor tissue and corresponding normal tissue samples of 520 patients. For immunohistochemical assessment of EZH2 expression, nuclear staining quantity was evaluated using a semiquantitative score. The effect of EZH2 expression on cancer specific survival (CSS) was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results During follow-up, 147 patients (28%) had died of their disease, median follow-up of patients still alive was 6.0 years (range 0-16.1 years). EZH2 nuclear staining was present in tumor cores of 411 (79%) patients. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that high nuclear EZH2 expression was an independent predictor of poor CSS (> 25-50% vs. 0%: HR 2.72, p = 0.025) in patients suffering from non-metastatic RCC. Apart from high nuclear EZH2 expression, tumor stage and Fuhrman's grading emerged as significant prognostic markers. In metastatic disease, nuclear EZH2 expression and histopathological subtype were independent predictive parameters of poor CSS (EZH2: 1-5%: HR 2.63, p = 0.043, >5-25%: HR 3.35, p = 0.013, >25%-50%: HR 4.92, p = 0.003, all compared to 0%: HR 0.36, p = 0.025, respectively). Conclusions This study defines EZH2 as a powerful independent unfavourable prognostic marker of CSS in patients with metastatic and non-metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wagener
- German Cancer Research Center, Molecular Therapy of Virus-Associated Cancers (F065), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Polymorphisms of decoy receptor 3 are associated with risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese Han. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:443-9. [PMID: 20567955 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble receptor without transmembrane and intracellular sequences in its peptide. It can bind to and inactivate the apoptosis-inducing ligand FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A. The aims of this study are to genotype the two polymorphisms in the promotor of DcR3 in esophageal squamous cell cancer patients and controls and analyze the association between individual genetic variation and susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 444 Chinese ESCC patients and 468 matched cancer-free controls were evaluated for the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DCR3. Polymorphisms were genotyped using the SNPShot technique. The expression of DCR3 in cancer tissues was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. There were significant differences in the allele's distribution of the two SNPs among ESCC cases and controls (P < 0.01). Compared with the 147TT genotype, the 147CC genotype was associated with significant elevated risk of ESCC (odds ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-2.96). The risk of 147CC genotype was more notable (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.32-3.64) in the smokers than in the nonsmokers (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-2.69). In the stratification analyses, we also found there was a strong correlation between 147 CC and the clinical TNM stage (P < 0.01). Furthermore, significant difference in DCR3 expression in ESCC tissues was found between subgroups with different 147C/T variant. Our finding suggested that DcR3 promoter polymorphism 147C/T might influence the susceptibility to ESCC in the Chinese Han population, maybe by influencing DcR3 expression.
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The War on Cancer rages on. Neoplasia 2010; 11:1252-63. [PMID: 20019833 DOI: 10.1593/neo.91866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1971, the "War on Cancer" was launched by the US government to cure cancer by the 200-year anniversary of the founding of the United States of America, 1976. This article briefly looks back at the progress that has been made in cancer research and compares progress made in other areas of human affliction. While progress has indeed been made, the battle continues to rage on.
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Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Inakura H, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Creation of a lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant with the capacity for site-specific PEGylation and low affinity for a decoy receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:888-93. [PMID: 20175993 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine LIGHT is a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, the therapeutic effect of LIGHT as a systemic anticancer agent is currently insufficient because of its instability and its binding to nonfunctional soluble decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which is overexpressed in various tumors. Modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (PEGylation) can improve their in vivo stability, but PEGylation may occur randomly at all lysine residues and the NH(2)-terminus; therefore, PEGylated proteins are generally heterogeneous and have decreased bioactivity. In this study, we attempted to create a lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant that could be PEGylated site-specifically and would have lower affinity for DcR3. We prepared phage libraries expressing LIGHT mutants in which all the lysine residues were replaced with other amino acids. A lysine-deficient LIGHT mutant [mLIGHT-Lys(-)] was isolated by panning against lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR). mLIGHT-Lys(-) could be site-specifically PEGylated at its NH(2)-terminus, yielding molecular uniformity and in vitro bioactivity equal to that of non-PEGylated, wild-type LIGHT. Furthermore, mLIGHT-Lys(-) was not trapped by the nonfunctional DcR3, despite binding to its functional receptors. These results suggest that mLIGHT-Lys(-) might be a useful candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Morishige
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Morishige T, Yoshioka Y, Inakura H, Tanabe A, Yao X, Tsunoda SI, Tsutsumi Y, Mukai Y, Okada N, Nakagawa S. Creation of a LIGHT mutant with the capacity to evade the decoy receptor for cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2010; 31:3357-63. [PMID: 20117833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine LIGHT activates various anti-tumor functions through its two receptors, lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR) and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), and is expected to be a promising candidate for cancer therapy. However, LIGHT is also trapped by decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), which is highly expressed in various tumors. Here, we used phage display technique to create LIGHT mutants that specifically bind LTbetaR and HVEM, and is not trapped by DcR3 for optimized cancer therapy. We constructed phage library displaying structural variants of LIGHT with randomized amino acid residues. After the affinity panning, we created 6 clones of LIGHT mutants as candidates for DcR3-evading LIGHT. Analysis of binding affinities showed that all candidates had 10-fold lower affinities for DcR3 than wild-type LIGHT, while 5 of the 6 clones had almost the same affinity for LTbetaR and HVEM. Furthermore, analysis of detailed binding kinetics showed that lower affinity for DcR3 is dependent on their faster off-rate. Further, we showed that the LIGHT mutant had almost the same cytotoxicity via LTbetaR, and had 62-fold higher DcR3-evading capacity compared to the wild type. Our data provide valuable information for construction of more functional LIGHT mutants that might be powerful tools for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Morishige
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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