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Menezes WF, Alvarenga ÉR, Nóbrega RH, França LR, Luz MR, Manduca LG, da Costa FFB, Bezerra VM, Fernandes AFDA, Turra EM. Growth performance, reproductive status, and chromosomal instability in triploid Nile tilapias. Anim Reprod 2024; 21:e20230147. [PMID: 38803328 PMCID: PMC11129864 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2023-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive control is one of the biggest challenges in tilapia production and triploidy was developed as an alternative to sterilization. In general, polyploids present chromosomal instability but for triploid Nile tilapia it has yet to be reported. This study evaluated the chromosomal instability from juveniles to adulthood, growth performance and gonadal status of tilapia hatched from eggs submitted or not to heat shock for triploid induction. Nile tilapia oocytes were fertilized (1,476 oocytes), half of the eggs were subjected to a four-minute shock in 41 °C water four minutes after fertilization and the other half were not (Control group). The eggs were incubated (at 27°C) and 160 larvae from the treated group hatched and survived after yolk sac absorption. The determination of ploidy was performed by flow cytometry at 85th (juveniles) and 301st (adults) days of age post yolk sac absorption. At the time of the first cytometry analysis there were 73 surviving juveniles from the treated group, and only 14 were confirmed triploid. However, at the analysis of adult ploidy, one out of 8 surviving adult tilapias from the 14 confirmed triploid juveniles remained triploid. Gonadal histology showed that the non-remaining triploids continued to produce gametes. The growth performance of triploid tilapia was initially superior to that of diploid tilapia during the juvenile phase, but similar in adults. Once the chromosome sets are lost and the tilapias become diploid again, at least in tissues with a high proliferation rate, such as the hematopoietic tissue that was analyzed (and possibly in gonads), all possible advantages of triploids are probably lost. Thus, our results suggest that, due to genomic instabilities, the triploid generation of tilapia has low efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williane Ferreira Menezes
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Érika Ramos Alvarenga
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Rafael Henrique Nóbrega
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Renato França
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Rezende Luz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ludson Guimarães Manduca
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Franklin Fernando Batista da Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Vinícius Monteiro Bezerra
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Maldonado Turra
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Transcriptional signatures underlying dynamic phenotypic switching and novel disease biomarkers in a linear cellular model of melanoma progression. Neoplasia 2021; 23:439-455. [PMID: 33845354 PMCID: PMC8042650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in therapeutics, the progression of melanoma to metastasis still confers a poor outcome to patients. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of biological models to understand cellular and molecular changes taking place along disease progression. Here, we characterized the transcriptome profiles of a multi-stage murine model of melanoma progression comprising a nontumorigenic melanocyte lineage (melan-a), premalignant melanocytes (4C), nonmetastatic (4C11-) and metastasis-prone (4C11+) melanoma cells. Clustering analyses have grouped the 4 cell lines according to their differentiated (melan-a and 4C11+) or undifferentiated/"mesenchymal-like" (4C and 4C11-) morphologies, suggesting dynamic gene expression patterns associated with the transition between these phenotypes. The cell plasticity observed in the murine melanoma progression model was corroborated by molecular markers described during stepwise human melanoma differentiation, as the differentiated cell lines in our model exhibit upregulation of transitory and melanocytic markers, whereas "mesenchymal-like" cells show increased expression of undifferentiated and neural crest-like markers. Sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at each transition step of tumor progression, and transcriptional signatures related to malignancy, metastasis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were identified. Finally, DEGs were mapped to their human orthologs and evaluated in uni- and multivariate survival analyses using gene expression and clinical data of 703 drug-naïve primary melanoma patients, revealing several independent candidate prognostic markers. Altogether, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic switch taking place during melanoma progression, reveal potential drug targets and prognostic biomarkers, and corroborate the translational relevance of this unique sequential model of melanoma progression.
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of C-Myc in Cancer Stem Cell-Related Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2340. [PMID: 31083525 PMCID: PMC6539579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a nuclear transcription factor that mainly regulates cell growth, cell cycle, metabolism, and survival. Myc family proteins contain c-Myc, n-Myc, and l-Myc. Among them, c-Myc can become a promising therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for the therapeutic resistance. In the previous study, we demonstrated that c-Myc mediates drug resistance of colorectal CSCs using a patient-derived primary three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of c-Myc-related signaling in the regulation of CSCs, chemotherapy resistance, and colorectal cancer organoids. Finally, we introduce the various types of c-Myc inhibitors and propose the possibility of c-Myc as a therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Fu F, Hu H, Yang S, Liang X. Effects of TIN2 on telomeres and chromosomes in the human gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5161-5166. [PMID: 29552152 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 (TIN2) is a key member of the protein complexes that protect telomeres. TIN2 contributes an important role in biological processes. In a previous study by the present authors, an association was reported between high TIN2 protein expression and gastric cancer. Therefore, it was hypothesized that abnormal TIN2 expression may cause the development of malignancies, including, gastric carcinomas. To investigate this hypothesis, the present study employed peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization technology to analyze the human gastric epithelial GES-1 cells with high TIN2 expression or inhibited TIN2 expression. The results indicated that GES-1 cell lines with high TIN2 expression exhibited greater telomere dysfunction-induced damage compared with GES-1 cell lines with inhibited TIN2 expression. Chromosome analysis indicated that GES-1 cells with high TIN2 expression exhibited 2.48±1.30 aberrant chromosomal changes per 100 cells, that may contribute to telomere DNA damage. Therefore, aberrant chromosomal alterations may provide a novel perspective for the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fu
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liang
- Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, College of Hunan, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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Kumari A, Folk WP, Sakamuro D. The Dual Roles of MYC in Genomic Instability and Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060158. [PMID: 28590415 PMCID: PMC5485522 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with genomic instability and aging. Genomic instability stimulates tumorigenesis, whereas deregulation of oncogenes accelerates DNA replication and increases genomic instability. It is therefore reasonable to assume a positive feedback loop between genomic instability and oncogenic stress. Consistent with this premise, overexpression of the MYC transcription factor increases the phosphorylation of serine 139 in histone H2AX (member X of the core histone H2A family), which forms so-called γH2AX, the most widely recognized surrogate biomarker of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, oncogenic MYC can also promote the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, clearly implying an antagonistic role of MYC in genomic instability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of the conflicting functions of MYC in genomic instability and discuss when and how the oncoprotein exerts the contradictory roles in induction of DSBs and protection of cancer-cell genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Watson P Folk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Field MG, Decatur CL, Kurtenbach S, Gezgin G, van der Velden PA, Jager MJ, Kozak KN, Harbour JW. PRAME as an Independent Biomarker for Metastasis in Uveal Melanoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:1234-42. [PMID: 26933176 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) can be classified by gene expression profiling (GEP) into Class 1 (low metastatic risk) and Class 2 (high metastatic risk), the latter being strongly associated with mutational inactivation of the tumor suppressor BAP1. Nevertheless, a small percentage of Class 1 tumors give rise to metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers of metastasis in Class 1 tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 389 consecutive patients with UM were assigned to Class 1 or Class 2 using a prospectively validated 12-gene prognostic classifier. Selected tumors were further analyzed using global GEP and single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays. PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma) mRNA expression was analyzed in 64 Class 1 tumors by qPCR. RESULTS Among Class 1 UMs, the most significant predictor of metastasis was PRAME mRNA expression (P = 0.0006). The 5-year actuarial rate of metastasis was 0% for Class1(PRAME-), 38% for Class1(PRAME+), and 71% for Class 2 tumors. Median metastasis-free survival for Class1(PRAME+) patients was 88 months, compared to 32 months for Class 2 patients. Findings were validated using three independent datasets, including one using disomy 3 to identify low-risk UM. Chromosome copy number changes associated with Class1(PRAME+) tumors included gain of 1q, 6p, 8q, and 9q and loss of 6q and 11q. PRAME expression was associated with larger tumor diameter (P = 0.05) and SF3B1 mutations (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS PRAME is an independent prognostic biomarker in UM, which identifies increased metastatic risk in patients with Class 1 or disomy 3 tumors. This finding may further enhance the accuracy of prognostic testing and precision medicine for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Field
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Christina L Decatur
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Gülçin Gezgin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kaleigh N Kozak
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center and Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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The Roles of miR-26, miR-29, and miR-203 in the Silencing of the Epigenetic Machinery during Melanocyte Transformation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:634749. [PMID: 26618174 PMCID: PMC4649077 DOI: 10.1155/2015/634749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic marks located throughout the genome exhibit great variation between normal and transformed cancer cells. While normal cells contain hypomethylated CpG islands near gene promoters and hypermethylated repetitive DNA, the opposite pattern is observed in cancer cells. Recently, it has been reported that alteration in the microenvironment of melanocyte cells, such as substrate adhesion blockade, results in the selection of anoikis-resistant cells, which have tumorigenic characteristics. Melanoma cells obtained through this model show an altered epigenetic pattern, which represents one of the first events during the melanocytes malignant transformation. Because microRNAs are involved in controlling components of the epigenetic machinery, the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential association between the expression of miR-203, miR-26, and miR-29 family members and the genes Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Mecp2, and Ezh2 during cells transformation. Our results show that microRNAs and their validated or predicted targets are inversely expressed, indicating that these molecules are involved in epigenetic reprogramming. We also show that miR-203 downregulates Dnmt3b in mouse melanocyte cells. In addition, treatment with 5-aza-CdR promotes the expression of miR-26 and miR-29 in a nonmetastatic melanoma cell line. Considering the occurrence of CpG islands near the miR-26 and miR-29 promoters, these data suggest that they might be epigenetically regulated in cancer.
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Abstract
MYC dysregulation initiates a dynamic process of genomic instability that is linked to tumor initiation. Early studies using MYC-carrying retroviruses showed that these viruses were potent transforming agents. Cell culture models followed that addressed the role of MYC in transformation. With the advent of MYC transgenic mice, it became obvious that MYC deregulation alone was sufficient to initiate B-cell neoplasia in mice. More than 70% of all tumors have some form of c-MYC gene dysregulation, which affects gene regulation, microRNA expression profiles, large genomic amplifications, and the overall organization of the nucleus. These changes set the stage for the dynamic genomic rearrangements that are associated with cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuzyk
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0V9, Canada
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Overcoming intratumor heterogeneity of polygenic cancer drug resistance with improved biomarker integration. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1278-89. [PMID: 23308059 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in technology and resources are helping to advance our understanding of cancer-initiating events as well as factors involved with tumor progression, adaptation, and evasion of therapy. Tumors are well known to contain diverse cell populations and intratumor heterogeneity affords neoplasms with a diverse set of biologic characteristics that can be used to evolve and adapt. Intratumor heterogeneity has emerged as a major hindrance to improving cancer patient care. Polygenic cancer drug resistance necessitates reconsidering drug designs to include polypharmacology in pursuit of novel combinatorial agents having multitarget activity to overcome the diverse and compensatory signaling pathways in which cancer cells use to survive and evade therapy. Advances will require integration of different biomarkers such as genomics and imaging to provide for more adequate elucidation of the spatially varying location, type, and extent of diverse intratumor signaling molecules to provide for a rationale-based personalized cancer medicine strategy.
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Potential role of meiosis proteins in melanoma chromosomal instability. J Skin Cancer 2013; 2013:190109. [PMID: 23840955 PMCID: PMC3694528 DOI: 10.1155/2013/190109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas demonstrate chromosomal instability (CIN). In fact, CIN can be used to differentiate melanoma from benign nevi. The exact molecular mechanisms that drive CIN in melanoma have yet to be fully elucidated. Cancer/testis antigens are a unique group of germ cell proteins that are found to be primarily expressed in melanoma as compared to benign nevi. The abnormal expression of these germ cell proteins, normally expected only in the testis and ovaries, in somatic cells may lead to interference with normal cellular pathways. Germ cell proteins that may be particularly critical in CIN are meiosis proteins. Here, we review pathways unique to meiosis with a focus on how the aberrant expression of meiosis proteins in normal mitotic cells “meiomitosis” could impact chromosomal instability in melanoma and other cancers.
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de Souza CF, Xander P, Monteiro AC, Silva AGDS, da Silva DCP, Mai S, Bernardo V, Lopes JD, Jasiulionis MG. Mining gene expression signature for the detection of pre-malignant melanocytes and early melanomas with risk for metastasis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44800. [PMID: 22984562 PMCID: PMC3439384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic melanoma is a highly aggressive skin cancer and currently resistant to systemic therapy. Melanomas may involve genetic, epigenetic and metabolic abnormalities. Evidence is emerging that epigenetic changes might play a significant role in tumor cell plasticity and metastatic phenotype of melanoma cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we developed a systematic approach to identify genes implicated in melanoma progression. To do this, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip Arrays to screen 34,000 mouse transcripts in melan-a melanocytes, 4C pre-malignant melanocytes, 4C11- non-metastatic and 4C11+ metastatic melanoma cell lines. The genome-wide association studies revealed pathways commonly over-represented in the transition from immortalized to pre-malignant stage, and under-represented in the transition from non-metastatic to metastatic stage. Additionally, the treatment of cells with 10 µM 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AzaCdR) for 48 hours allowed us to identify genes differentially re-expressed at specific stages of melan-a malignant transformation. Treatment of human primary melanocytes with the demethylating agent 5AzaCdR in combination to the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) revealed changes on melanocyte morphology and gene expression which could be an indicator of epigenetic flexibility in normal melanocytes. Moreover, changes on gene expression recognized by affecting the melanocyte biology (NDRG2 and VDR), phenotype of metastatic melanoma cells (HSPB1 and SERPINE1) and response to cancer therapy (CTCF, NSD1 and SRC) were found when Mel-2 and/or Mel-3-derived patient metastases were exposed to 5AzaCdR plus TSA treatment. Hierarchical clustering and network analyses in a panel of five patient-derived metastatic melanoma cells showed gene interactions that have never been described in melanomas. SIGNIFICANCE Despite the heterogeneity observed in melanomas, this study demonstrates the utility of our murine melanoma progression model to identify molecular markers commonly perturbed in metastasis. Additionally, the novel gene expression signature identified here may be useful in the future into a model more closely related to translational research.
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Maeda J, Yurkon CR, Fujisawa H, Kaneko M, Genet SC, Roybal EJ, Rota GW, Saffer ER, Rose BJ, Hanneman WH, Thamm DH, Kato TA. Genomic instability and telomere fusion of canine osteosarcoma cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e43355. [PMID: 22916246 PMCID: PMC3420908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine osteosarcoma (OSA) is known to present with highly variable and chaotic karyotypes, including hypodiploidy, hyperdiploidy, and increased numbers of metacentric chromosomes. The spectrum of genomic instabilities in canine OSA has significantly augmented the difficulty in clearly defining the biological and clinical significance of the observed cytogenetic abnormalities. In this study, eight canine OSA cell lines were used to investigate telomere fusions by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a peptide nucleotide acid probe. We characterized each cell line by classical cytogenetic studies and cellular phenotypes including telomere associated factors and then evaluated correlations from this data. All eight canine OSA cell lines displayed increased abnormal metacentric chromosomes and exhibited numerous telomere fusions and interstitial telomeric signals. Also, as evidence of unstable telomeres, colocalization of γ-H2AX and telomere signals in interphase cells was observed. Each cell line was characterized by a combination of data representing cellular doubling time, DNA content, chromosome number, metacentric chromosome frequency, telomere signal level, cellular radiosensitivity, and DNA-PKcs protein expression level. We have also studied primary cultures from 10 spontaneous canine OSAs. Based on the observation of telomere aberrations in those primary cell cultures, we are reasonably certain that our observations in cell lines are not an artifact of prolonged culture. A correlation between telomere fusions and the other characteristics analyzed in our study could not be identified. However, it is important to note that all of the canine OSA samples exhibiting telomere fusion utilized in our study were telomerase positive. Pending further research regarding telomerase negative canine OSA cell lines, our findings may suggest telomere fusions can potentially serve as a novel marker for canine OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Maeda
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Yurkon
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Fujisawa
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Masami Kaneko
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Stefan C. Genet
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Erica J. Roybal
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Garrett W. Rota
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ethan R. Saffer
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barbara J. Rose
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - William H. Hanneman
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu HQ, An JZ, Liu J, Yang YF, Zhang HX, Zhao BY, Li JB, Yang HS, Chen ZN, Xing JL. Leukocyte telomere length predicts overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1040-5. [PMID: 22318909 PMCID: PMC6276896 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes can predict the clinical outcome of several cancers. However, whether leukocyte telomere length is associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be determined. In this study, relative telomere length (RTL) in peripheral blood leukocytes was measured using a real-time PCR-based method for 269 HCC patients treated with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) from two independent hospitals. The association between RTL and the overall survival (OS) of HCC was analyzed. The immunological function of the HCC patients with different leukocyte RTLs was evaluated. Multivariate analyses indicated that long leukocyte RTL was significantly associated with poor OS of HCC patients, with a hazard ratio of 2.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.86; P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analyses showed a significant difference of median survival time between patients with long and short RTL (log rank P < 0.001). Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses showed that the long RTL group had a significantly increased percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) Treg in CD4(+) T cells compared with short RTL group (P = 0.002). In conclusion, our results suggest that leukocyte RTL may serve as an independent prognostic marker for HCC patients treated with TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qiang Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key
Laboratory of Cancer Biology
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
| | - Jia-Ze An
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key
Laboratory of Cancer Biology
| | - Ye-Fa Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery
Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Bin-Yu Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military
Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Ji-Bin Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key
Laboratory of Cancer Biology
| | - Hu-Shan Yang
- Division of Population Science, Department of Medical Oncology, Kimmel
Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key
Laboratory of Cancer Biology
| | - Jin-Liang Xing
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Center, State Key
Laboratory of Cancer Biology
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Activation of the long terminal repeat of human endogenous retrovirus K by melanoma-specific transcription factor MITF-M. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1081-92. [PMID: 22131883 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human and Old World primate genomes possess conserved endogenous retrovirus sequences that have been implicated in evolution, reproduction, and carcinogenesis. Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV)-K with 5'LTR-gag-pro-pol-env-rec/np9-3'LTR sequences represents the newest retrovirus family that integrated into the human genome 1 to 5 million years ago. Although a high-level expression of HERV-K in melanomas, breast cancers, and teratocarcinomas has been demonstrated, the mechanism of the lineage-specific activation of the long terminal repeat (LTR) remains obscure. We studied chromosomal HERV-K expression in MeWo melanoma cells in comparison with the basal expression in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Cloned LTR of HERV-K (HML-2.HOM) was also characterized by mutation and transactivation experiments. We detected multiple transcriptional initiator (Inr) sites in the LTR by rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends (5' RACE). HEK293 and MeWo showed different Inr usage. The most potent Inr was associated with a TATA box and three binding motifs of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Both chromosomal HERV-K expression and the cloned LTR function were strongly activated in HEK293 by transfection with MITF-M, a melanocyte/melanoma-specific isoform of MITF. Coexpression of MITF and the HERV-K core antigen was detected in retinal pigmented epithelium by an immunofluorescence analysis. Although malignant melanoma lines MeWo, G361, and SK-MEL-28 showed enhanced HERV-K transcription compared with normal melanocytes, the level of MITF-M messenger RNA persisted from normal to transformed melanocytes. Thus, MITF-M may be a prerequisite for the pigmented cell lineage-specific function of HERV-K LTR, leading to the high-level expression in malignant melanomas.
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15
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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Molognoni F, Cruz AT, Meliso FM, Morais AS, Souza CF, Xander P, Bischof JM, Costa FF, Soares MB, Liang G, Jones PA, Jasiulionis MG. Epigenetic reprogramming as a key contributor to melanocyte malignant transformation. Epigenetics 2011; 6:450-64. [PMID: 21343701 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.4.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma progression requires deregulation of gene expression by currently uncharacterized epigenetic mechanisms. A mouse model based on changes in cell microenvironment was developed by our group to study melanocyte malignant transformation. Melanoma cell lines (4C11- and 4C11+) were obtained as result of 5 sequential anchorage blockades of non-tumorigenic melan-a melanocytes. Melan-a cells submitted to 4 de-adhesion cycles were also established (4C), are non-tumorigenic and represent an intermediary phase of tumor progression. The aim of this work was to identify factors contributing to epigenetic modifications in early and later phases of malignant transformation induced by anchorage impediment. Epigenetic alterations occur early in tumorigenesis; 4C cell line shows changes in global and gene-specific DNA methylation and histone marks. Many histone modifications differ between melan-a, 4C, 4C11- (non-metastatic melanoma cell line) and 4C11+ (metastatic melanoma cell line) which could be associated with changes in gene and microRNA expression. These epigenetic alterations seem to play a key role in malignant transformation since melanocytes treated with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine before each anchorage blockade do not transform. Some epigenetic changes seem to be also responsible for the maintenance of malignant phenotype, since melanoma cell lines (4C11- and 4C11+) treated in vitro with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine or Trichostatin A showed reduction of tumor growth in vivo. Changes in gene expression reflecting cell adaptation to new environment were also observed. We propose a model in which sustained microenvironmental stress in melanocytes results in epigenetic reprogramming. Thus, after adaptation, cells may acquire epigenetic marks that could contribute to the establishment of a malignant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Molognoni
- Pharmacology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Nuclear imaging in three dimensions: A unique tool in cancer research. Ann Anat 2010; 192:292-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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