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Gasimli R, Kayabasi C, Ozmen Yelken B, Asik A, Sogutlu F, Celebi C, Yilmaz Susluer S, Kamer S, Biray Avci C, Haydaroglu A, Gunduz C. The effects of PKI-402 on breast tumor models' radiosensitivity via dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1961-1970. [PMID: 37389464 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activation causes relapse and resistance after radiotherapy in breast cancer (BC). We aimed to radiosensitize BC cell lines to irradiation (IR) by PKI-402, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor. METHODS We performed cytotoxicity, clonogenicity, hanging drop, apoptosis and double-strand break detection, and phosphorylation of 16 essential proteins involved in the PI3K/mTOR pathway. RESULTS Our findings showed that PKI-402 has cytotoxic efficiency in all cell lines. Clonogenic assay results showed that PKI-402 plus IR inhibited the colony formation ability of MCF-7 and breast cancer stem cell lines. Results showed that PKI-402 plus IR causes more apoptotic cell death than IR alone in the MCF-7 cells but did not cause significant changes in the MDA-MB-231. γ-H2AX levels were increased in MDA-MB-231 in PKI-402 plus IR groups, whereas we did not observe any apoptotic and γ-H2AX induction in BCSCs and MCF-10A cells in all treatment groups. Some pivotal phosphorylated proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway decreased, several proteins increased and others did not change. CONCLUSION In conclusion, if the combined use of PKI-402 with radiation is supported by in vivo studies, it can contribute to the treatment options and the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Gasimli
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cagla Kayabasi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Besra Ozmen Yelken
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aycan Asik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sogutlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Caglar Celebi
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sunde Yilmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serra Kamer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cigir Biray Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayfer Haydaroglu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cumhur Gunduz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Effect of mechanical forces on cellular response to radiation. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:187-198. [PMID: 36228760 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular interactions and biochemical signaling has been investigated for long and showed to play a major role in the cell's fate, it is now also evident that mechanical forces continuously applied to the cells in their microenvironment are as important for tissue homeostasis. Mechanical cues are emerging as key regulators of cellular drug response and we aimed to demonstrate in this review that such effects should also be considered vital for the cellular response to radiation. In order to explore the mechanobiology of the radiation response, we reviewed the main mechanoreceptors and transducers, including integrin-mediated adhesion, YAP/TAZ pathways, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors and showed their implication in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. We then discussed the current studies that investigated a direct effect of mechanical stress, including extracellular matrix stiffness, shear stress and mechanical strain, on radiation response of cancer and normal cells and showed through preliminary results that such stress effectively can alter cell response after irradiation. However, we also highlighted the limitations of these studies and emphasized some of the contradictory data, demonstrating that the effect of mechanical cues could involve complex interactions and potential crosstalk with numerous cellular processes also affected by irradiation. Overall, mechanical forces alter radiation response and although additional studies are required to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms, these effects should not be neglected in radiation research as they could reveal new fundamental knowledge for predicting radiosensitivity or understanding resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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3
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Abreu de Oliveira WA, El Laithy Y, Bruna A, Annibali D, Lluis F. Wnt Signaling in the Breast: From Development to Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884467. [PMID: 35663403 PMCID: PMC9157790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt cascade is a primordial developmental signaling pathway that plays a myriad of essential functions throughout development and adult homeostasis in virtually all animal species. Aberrant Wnt activity is implicated in embryonic and tissue morphogenesis defects, and several diseases, most notably cancer. The role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and breast cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression is far from being completely understood and is rather shrouded in controversy. In this review, we dissect the fundamental role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and adult homeostasis and explore how defects in its tightly regulated and intricated molecular network are interlinked with cancer, with a focus on the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Centre for Paediatric Oncology Experimental Medicine, Centre for Cancer Evolution, Molecular Pathology Division, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Laboratory, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
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4
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Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7160209. [PMID: 35591866 PMCID: PMC9113891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal cancer with the lowest survival rate globally. Although the prescription of herbal drugs against PC is gaining increasing attention, their polypharmacological therapeutic mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the anti-PC properties and system-level mechanisms of the herbal drug FDY003. FDY003 decreased the viability of human PC cells and strengthened their chemosensitivity. Network pharmacological analysis of FDY003 indicated the presence of 16 active phytochemical components and 123 PC-related pharmacological targets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PC-related targets of FDY003 participate in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle process, cell survival, and cell death. In addition, FDY003 was shown to target diverse key pathways associated with PC pathophysiology, namely, the PIK3-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, focal adhesion, TNF, p53, HIF-1, and Ras pathways. Our network pharmacological findings advance the mechanistic understanding of the anti-PC properties of FDY003 from a system perspective.
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Boyle AJ, Narvaez A, Chassé M, Vasdev N. PET imaging of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 12:1-14. [PMID: 35295885 PMCID: PMC8918402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) contributes to tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer by modulating cell proliferation and survival. This study evaluated the lead GSK-3 targeted PET radiotracers for neuro-PET imaging, [11C]PF-367 and [11C]OCM-44, in pancreatic cancer xenograft mice. Immunohistochemistry showed that GSK-3α and GSK-3β were overexpressed in PANC-1 xenografts. In autoradiography studies, higher specific binding was observed for [3H]PF-367 compared to [3H]OCM-44 when co-incubated with unlabeled PF-367 (59.2±1.8% vs 22.6±3.75%, respectively). Co-incubation of [11C]OCM-44 with OCM-44 did not improve the specific binding (25.5±30.2%). In dynamic PET imaging of PANC-1 xenograft mouse models, tumors were not visualized with [11C]PF-367 but were well visualized with [11C]OCM-44. Time-activity curves revealed no difference in accumulation in PANC-1 tumor tissue compared to muscle tissue in [11C]PF-367 baseline studies, while a significant difference was observed for [11C]OCM-44 with a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 1.6. Tumor radioactivity accumulation following injection with [11C]OCM-44 was not displaced by pre-treatment with unlabeled PF-367. Radiometabolite analysis showed that intact [11C]PF-367 accounted for 7.5% of tumor radioactivity, with >30% in plasma, at 40 min post-injection of the radiotracer, and that intact [11C]OCM-44 accounted for 20% of tumor radioactivity, with >60% in plasma. [11C]OCM-44 is superior to [11C]PF-367 for detecting lesions in preclinical mouse models of pancreatic cancer, however, both radiotracers undergo rapid metabolism in vivo. GSK-3 PET radiotracers with improved in vivo stability are needed for clinical translation. To our knowledge this work represents the first PET imaging study of GSK-3 in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Boyle
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Andrea Narvaez
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Melissa Chassé
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of TorontoToronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Spitzner M, Emons G, Schütz KB, Wolff HA, Rieken S, Ghadimi BM, Schneider G, Grade M. Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Sensitizes Esophageal Cancer Cells to Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910301. [PMID: 34638639 PMCID: PMC8509072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer comprises multimodal treatment concepts including preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgical resection. However, despite intensified treatment approaches, 5-year survival rates are still low. Therefore, new strategies are required to overcome treatment resistance, and to improve patients’ outcome. In this study, we investigated the impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT resistance in esophageal cancer cells. Experiments were conducted in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with varying expression levels of Wnt proteins and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities. To investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT responsiveness, we genetically or pharmacologically inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our experiments revealed that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitizes cell lines with robust pathway activity to CRT. In conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin activity may guide precision therapies in esophageal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Georg Emons
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Karl Burkhard Schütz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sankt Georg Medical Centre and Hospital, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik A. Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
| | - B. Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-67809
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7
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Liu Z, Wang P, Wold EA, Song Q, Zhao C, Wang C, Zhou J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting the Canonical WNT Signaling Pathway for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4257-4288. [PMID: 33822624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling is an important developmental pathway that has attracted increased attention for anticancer drug discovery. From the production and secretion of WNT ligands, their binding to membrane receptors, and the β-catenin destruction complex to the expansive β-catenin transcriptional complex, multiple components have been investigated as drug targets to modulate WNT signaling. Significant progress in developing WNT inhibitors such as porcupine inhibitors, tankyrase inhibitors, β-catenin/coactivators, protein-protein interaction inhibitors, casein kinase modulators, DVL inhibitors, and dCTPP1 inhibitors has been made, with several candidates (e.g., LGK-974, PRI-724, and ETC-159) in human clinical trials. Herein we summarize recent progress in the drug discovery and development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting the canonical WNT pathway, focusing on their specific target proteins, in vitro and in vivo activities, physicochemical properties, and therapeutic potential. The relevant opportunities and challenges toward maintaining the balance between efficacy and toxicity in effectively targeting this pathway are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Pingyuan Wang
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Eric A Wold
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Qiaoling Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changyun Wang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Food Science and Technology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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8
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Milligan K, Deng X, Shreeves P, Ali-Adeeb R, Matthews Q, Brolo A, Lum JJ, Andrews JL, Jirasek A. Raman spectroscopy and group and basis-restricted non negative matrix factorisation identifies radiation induced metabolic changes in human cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3853. [PMID: 33594122 PMCID: PMC7886912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work combines single cell Raman spectroscopy (RS) with group and basis restricted non-negative matrix factorisation (GBR-NMF) to identify individual biochemical changes associated with radiation exposure in three human cancer cell lines. The cell lines analysed were derived from lung (H460), breast (MCF7) and prostate (LNCaP) tissue and are known to display varying degrees of radio sensitivity due to the inherent properties of each cell type. The GBR-NMF approach involves the deconstruction of Raman spectra into component biochemical bases using a library of Raman spectra of known biochemicals present in the cells. Subsequently, scores are obtained on each of these bases which can be directly correlated with the contribution of each chemical to the overall Raman spectrum. We validated GBR-NMF through the correlation of GBR-NMF-derived glycogen scores with scores that were previously observed using principal component analysis (PCA). Phosphatidylcholine, glucose, arginine and asparagine showed a distinct differential score pattern between radio-resistant and radio-sensitive cell types. In summary, the GBR-NMF approach allows for the monitoring of individual biochemical radiation-response dynamics previously unattainable with more traditional PCA-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Milligan
- Department of Physics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Xinchen Deng
- Department of Physics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Phillip Shreeves
- Department of Statistics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ramie Ali-Adeeb
- Department of Physics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Brolo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Julian J Lum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
- Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, BC Cancer, Victoria, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Andrews
- Department of Statistics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Andrew Jirasek
- Department of Physics, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada.
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9
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Rab1A promotes cancer metastasis and radioresistance through activating GSK-3β/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20380-20395. [PMID: 33068388 PMCID: PMC7655155 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many articles have reported that Rab1A was overexpressed in a variety of human cancers and involved in tumor progression and metastasis. However, the biological function and molecular mechanism of Rab1A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remained unknown until now. Here we found that Rab1A overexpression is a common event and was positively associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis of NPC patients. Functionally, Rab1A depletion inhibited the migration and EMT phenotype of NPC cells, whereas Rab1A overexpression led to the opposite effect. Furthermore, we reveal an important role for Rab1A protein in the induction of radioresistance via regulating homologous recombination (HR) signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Rab1A activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting the activity of GSK-3β via phosphorylation at Ser9. Then Wnt/β-catenin signaling induced NPC cells radioresistance and metastasis through nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcription upregulation of HR pathway-related and EMT-related genes expression. In general, this study shows that Rab1A may serve as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis in NPC patients. Targeting Rab1A and Wnt/β-catenin signaling may hold promise to overcome NPC radioresistance.
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10
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Vidri RJ, Fitzgerald TL. GSK-3: An important kinase in colon and pancreatic cancers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118626. [PMID: 31987793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) in pancreatic and colon cancers will be explored. GSK-3 plays a fundamental role in many metabolic processes, primarily as the final enzyme in glycogen synthesis. Active β-catenin represents the final step for the transcription of Wnt target genes. Both GSK-3 and β-catenin are key in the neoplastic transformation and tumorigenesis of human cells. Despite the advances in diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic malignancies, survival remains dismal. Continued poor outcomes are attributable to tumor cell resistance and high frequency of metastatic disease. Survival for patients diagnosed with colon cancer is often excellent, and many patients achieve long term remission. However, the incidence of colon cancers continues to increase, especially among the young. The future use of targeted therapy in pancreatic and colo-rectal cancer utilizing GSK-3 may be promising, pending a more thorough understanding of potential downstream effects. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Vidri
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine-Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States of America
| | - Timothy L Fitzgerald
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine-Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, United States of America.
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11
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GSK-3β in DNA repair, apoptosis, and resistance of chemotherapy, radiotherapy of cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118659. [PMID: 31978503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase, functioning in numerous cellular processes including cell proliferation, DNA repair, cell cycle, signaling and metabolic pathways. GSK-3β is implicated in different diseases including inflammation, neurodegenerative disease, diabetes and cancers. GSK-3β is involved in biological processes of tumorigenesis, therefore, it is rational that GSK-3β inhibitors were employed to target malignant tumors. The effects of GSK-3β inhibitors in combination of radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs have been reported in various types of cancers, suggesting GSK-3β would play important roles in cancer treatments. GSK-3β is involved in multiple signal pathway including Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/PTEN/AKT and Notch. GSK-3β also functions in DNA repair through phosphorylation of DNA repair factors and affecting their binding to chromatin. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism of GSK-3β in DNA repair, special in base excision repair and double-strands break repair, the roles of GSK-3β in inhibition of apoptosis through activation of NF-κB, and the effects of GSK-3β inhibitors on radio- and chemosensitization of various types of cancers. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: GSK-3 and related kinases in cancer, neurological and other disorders edited by James McCubrey, Agnieszka Gizak and Dariusz Rakus.
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12
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Zhong Z, Virshup DM. Wnt Signaling and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 97:72-89. [PMID: 31787618 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted proteins that bind to cell surface receptors to activate downstream signaling cascades. Normal Wnt signaling plays key roles in embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. The secretion of Wnt ligands, the turnover of Wnt receptors, and the signaling transduction are tightly regulated and fine-tuned to keep the signaling output "just right." Hyperactivated Wnt signaling due to recurrent genetic alterations drives several human cancers. Elevated Wnt signaling also confers resistance to multiple conventional and targeted cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms including maintaining the cancer stem cell population, enhancing DNA damage repair, facilitating transcriptional plasticity, and promoting immune evasion. Different classes of Wnt signaling inhibitors targeting key nodes of the pathway have been developed and show efficacy in treating Wnt-driven cancers and subverting Wnt-mediated therapy resistance in preclinical studies. Several of these inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials, both singly and in combination with other existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-cancer modalities. In the near future, pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling may be a real choice for patients with cancer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The latest insights in Wnt signaling, ranging from basic biology to therapeutic implications in cancer, are reviewed. Recent studies extend understanding of this ancient signaling pathway and describe the development and improvement of anti-Wnt therapeutic modalities for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
| | - David M Virshup
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z.); Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore (Z.Z., D.M.V.); and Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (D.M.V.)
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13
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Rencuzogulları O, Yerlikaya PO, Gürkan AÇ, Arısan ED, Telci D. Palbociclib, a selective CDK4/6 inhibitor, restricts cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:508-523. [PMID: 31264276 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mortality rate of pancreatic cancer has close parallels to its incidence rate because of limited therapeutics and lack of effective prognosis. Despite various novel chemotherapeutics combinations, the 5-year survival rate is still under 5%. In the current study, we aimed to modulate the aberrantly activated PI3K/AKT pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling with the treatment of CDK4/6 inhibitor PD-0332991 (palbociclib) in Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. It was found that PD-0332991 effectively reduced cell viability and proliferation dose-dependently within 24 hours. In addition, PD-0332991 induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase by downregulation of aberrant expression of CDK4/6 through the dephosphorylation of Rb in each cell lines. Although PD-0332991 treatment increased epithelial markers and decreased mesenchymal markers, the nuclear translocation of β-catenin was not prevented by PD-0332991 treatment, especially in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Effects of PD-0332991 on the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream targets such as GSK-3 were cell type-dependent. Although the activity of AKT was inhibited in both cell lines, the phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 increased only in Panc-1. In conclusion, PD-0332991 induced cell cycle arrest and reduced the cell viability of Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells. However, PD-0332991 differentially affects the regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and EMT process in cells due to its distinct influence on Rb and GSK-3/β-catenin signaling. Understanding the effect of PD-0332991 on the aberrantly activated signaling axis may put forward a new therapeutic strategy to reduce the cell viability and metastatic process of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Rencuzogulları
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Obakan Yerlikaya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ajda Çoker Gürkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Damla Arısan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Telci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Murad LB, da Silva Nogueira P, de Araújo WM, Sousa-Squiavinato ACM, Rocha MR, de Souza WF, de-Freitas-Junior J, Barcellos-de-Souza P, Bastos LG, Morgado-Díaz JA. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes cell cycle arrest and decreases proliferation through WNT/β-catenin modulation in colorectal cancer cells exposed to γ-radiation. Biofactors 2019; 45:24-34. [PMID: 30521071 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effects of radiation are known to be potentiated by N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which modulate several signaling pathways, but the molecular mechanisms through which these fatty acids enhance the anticancer effects of irradiation in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment remain poorly elucidated. Here, we aimed to ascertain whether the fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts a modulating effect on the response elicited by radiation treatment (RT). Two CRC cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were exposed to RT, DHA, or both (DHA + RT) for various times, and then cell viability, proliferation, and clonogenicity were assessed. Moreover, cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the involvement of WNT/β-catenin signaling was investigated by immunofluorescence to determine nuclear β-catenin, GSK3β phosphorylation status, and TCF/LEF-activity reporter. DHA and RT applied separately diminished the viability of both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells, and DHA + RT caused a further reduction in proliferation mainly in HT-29 cells, particularly in terms of colony formation. Concomitantly, our results verified cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, a reduction of cyclin D1 expression, and a decrease in GSK3β phosphorylation after the combined treatment. Furthermore, immunofluorescence quantification revealed that nuclear β-catenin was increased in RT-exposed cells, but this effect was abrogated in cells exposed to DHA + RT, and the results of TCF/LEF-activity assays confirmed that DHA attenuated the increase in nuclear β-catenin activity induced by irradiation. Our finding shows that DHA applied in combination with RT enhanced the antitumor effects of irradiation on CRC cells, and that the underlying mechanism involved the WNT/β-catenin pathway. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):24-34, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Borges Murad
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Perôny da Silva Nogueira
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Wallace Martins de Araújo
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Ramos Rocha
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio de-Freitas-Junior
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Gonçalves Bastos
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose Andrés Morgado-Díaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Hu Y, Lin X, Zuo S, Luo R, Fang W. Elevated GSK3β expression predicts good prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:2776-2783. [PMID: 31938395 PMCID: PMC6958282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The role of GSK-3β in cancer progression is considered critical. However, the prognostic value of total GSK-3β protein levels in HCC remains undetermined. In this study, the expression and biologic significance of total GSK-3β in HCC were evaluated at mRNA and protein levels. We showed that GSK-3β mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in HCC tissues relative to the levels in the adjacent non-tumor tissues as recorded on the TCGA database (P < 0.001). Notably, GSK-3β protein levels were significantly downregulated in HCC tissues relative to those in the adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.001). We found that GSK-3β was negatively associated with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P = 0.030) and positively correlated with good prognosis for HCC patients (P = 0.036). The data further indicated that GSK3β expression tended to be an independent prognostic marker for HCC after surgical resection (HR = 1.658, 95% CI 0.945-2.909, P = 0.078) and can potentially serve as a biomarker for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Hu
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic China
- Dongguan Health School of Guangdong ProvinceDongguan, Guangdong, People’s Republic China
| | - Xian Lin
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic China
| | - Shi Zuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityChina
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic China
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16
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Lu K, Wang X, Chen Y, Liang D, Luo H, Long L, Hu Z, Bao J. Identification of two potential glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors for the treatment of osteosarcoma. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:456-464. [PMID: 29546355 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor among adolescents worldwide with high mortality rate. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine kinase and is considered as a validated target in osteosarcoma therapy. Therefore, the study of GSK3β inhibitors is one of the most popular fields in anti-osteosarcoma drug development. Here, the tools of bioinformatics were used to screen novel effective inhibitors of GSK3β from ZINC Drug Database. The molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, MM/GBSA, and energy decomposition analysis were performed to identify the inhibitors. Finally, ZINC08383479 and ZINC08441251 were selected as potential GSK3β inhibitors. These two inhibitors were evaluated by GSK3β kinase inhibition assay in vitro. The inhibition of cell proliferation was tested in osteosarcoma cell lines U2OS and MG63 in vitro. The result showed that ZINC08383479 and ZINC08441251 had high inhibition activity against GSK3β. We found that CHIR99021 (a known GSK3β inhibitor), ZINC08383479, and ZINC08441251 had significant inhibition activity in U2OS cells and MG63 cells. These findings may provide new ideas for the design of more potent GSK3β inhibitors and therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Liang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Long
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinku Bao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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17
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Fleming AK, Storz P. Protein kinase C isoforms in the normal pancreas and in pancreatic disease. Cell Signal 2017; 40:1-9. [PMID: 28826907 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein Kinase C isoforms have been implicated in regulating multiple processes within the healthy pancreas. Moreover, their dysregulation contributes to all aspects of pancreatic disease. In this review, with a focus on acinar, ductal, and islet cells, we highlight the roles and contributions of the different PKC isoforms to normal pancreas function. We also discuss the contribution of PKC enzymes to pancreatic diseases, including insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, as well as pancreatitis and the development and progression of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia K Fleming
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
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18
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Seshacharyulu P, Baine MJ, Souchek JJ, Menning M, Kaur S, Yan Y, Ouellette MM, Jain M, Lin C, Batra SK. Biological determinants of radioresistance and their remediation in pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:69-92. [PMID: 28249796 PMCID: PMC5548591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in radiotherapy, a majority of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (PC) do not achieve objective responses due to the existence of intrinsic and acquired radioresistance. Identification of molecular mechanisms that compromise the efficacy of radiation therapy and targeting these pathways is paramount for improving radiation response in PC patients. In this review, we have summarized molecular mechanisms associated with the radio-resistant phenotype of PC. Briefly, we discuss the reversible and irreversible biological consequences of radiotherapy, such as DNA damage and DNA repair, mechanisms of cancer cell survival and radiation-induced apoptosis following radiotherapy. We further describe various small molecule inhibitors and molecular targeting agents currently being tested in preclinical and clinical studies as potential radiosensitizers for PC. Notably, we draw attention towards the confounding effects of cancer stem cells, immune system, and the tumor microenvironment in the context of PC radioresistance and radiosensitization. Finally, we discuss the need for examining selective radioprotectors in light of the emerging evidence on radiation toxicity to non-target tissue associated with PC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michael J Baine
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Joshua J Souchek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Melanie Menning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Michel M. Ouellette
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chi Lin
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
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19
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Serebryannyy LA, Yemelyanov A, Gottardi CJ, de Lanerolle P. Nuclear α-catenin mediates the DNA damage response via β-catenin and nuclear actin. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:1717-1729. [PMID: 28348105 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.199893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Catenin is an F-actin-binding protein widely recognized for its role in cell-cell adhesion. However, a growing body of literature indicates that α-catenin is also a nuclear protein. In this study, we show that α-catenin is able to modulate the sensitivity of cells to DNA damage and toxicity. Furthermore, nuclear α-catenin is actively recruited to sites of DNA damage. This recruitment occurs in a β-catenin-dependent manner and requires nuclear actin polymerization. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the WNT-mediated regulation of the DNA damage response and suggest a novel role for the α-catenin-β-catenin complex in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Serebryannyy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Primal de Lanerolle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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20
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Gomez-Millan J, Queipo MI, del Mar Delgado M, Perez-Villa L, Roman A, De la Portilla F, Torres E, De Luque V, Bayo E, Medina JA. The impact of body mass index and nuclear β-catenin on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2017; 115:301-306. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gomez-Millan
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Queipo
- Department of Endocrinology; Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA); Málaga Spain
| | - Maria del Mar Delgado
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez; Huelva Spain
| | - Lidia Perez-Villa
- Department of Pathology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - Alicia Roman
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando De la Portilla
- Department of Surgery; Colorectal Surgery; University Hospital Virgen del Rocío; Seville Spain
| | - Esperanza Torres
- Department of Medical Oncology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - Vanessa De Luque
- Department of Medical Oncology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
| | - Eloisa Bayo
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez; Huelva Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Medina
- Department of Radiation Oncology; University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria; Málaga Spain
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21
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Yang CX, Zhang SM, Li J, Yang B, Ouyang W, Mei ZJ, Chen J, Dai J, Ke S, Zhou FX, Zhou YF, Xie CH. MicroRNA-320 regulates the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells C33AR by targeting β-catenin. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4983-4990. [PMID: 28105205 PMCID: PMC5228454 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy in women worldwide and always has recurrence owing to radioresistance. MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) has been identified to relate to the sensitivity of cancer radiotherapy. Here, we investigated the potential of miRNA-320 as a biomarker for radiosensitivity by targeting β-catenin in cervical cancer. A radioresistant cervical cancer cell line, C33AR, was established, and the radioresistance of C33AR cells was confirmed by a colony-formation assay. The expression of miRNA-320 was detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and compared between C33A and C33AR. β-catenin, the target of miRNA-320, was determined at the protein level by western blotting after transfecting the inhibitor of miRNA-320. The expression of miRNA-320 was markedly decreased in C33AR cells, which appeared to be more radioresistant, compared with its parental cell line C33A. Target prediction suggested that miRNA-320 negatively regulated the expression of β-catenin. Knockdown of β-catenin increased C33AR radiosensitivity, which revealed that the inhibition of β-catenin could rescue the miRNA-320-mediated cell radioresistance. On the other hand, overexpressing miRNA-320 increased C33AR radiosensitivity. In conclusion, miRNA-320 regulated the radiosensitivity of C33AR cells by targeting β-catenin. This finding provides evidence that miRNA-320 may be a potential biomarker of radiosensitivity in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xu Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Min Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wen Ouyang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Jie Mei
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Su Ke
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Zhou
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Cong-Hua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China; Department of Radio-Chemotherapy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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22
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Kalbasi A, Komar C, Tooker GM, Liu M, Lee JW, Gladney WL, Ben-Josef E, Beatty GL. Tumor-Derived CCL2 Mediates Resistance to Radiotherapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:137-148. [PMID: 27354473 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Local tumor growth is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in nearly 30% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Radiotherapy is commonly used for local disease control in PDAC, but its efficacy is limited. We studied the impact of selectively intervening on radiotherapy-induced inflammation as an approach to overcome resistance to radiotherapy in PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN PDAC cell lines derived from primary pancreatic tumors arising spontaneously in KrasLSL-G12D/+;Trp53LSL-R172H/+;Pdx-1 Cre mice were implanted into syngeneic mice and tumors were focally irradiated using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). We determined the impact of depleting T cells and Ly6C+ monocytes as well as inhibiting the chemokine CCL2 on radiotherapy efficacy. Tumors were analyzed by flow cytometry and IHC to detect changes in leukocyte infiltration, tumor viability, and vascularity. Assays were performed on tumor tissues to detect cytokines and gene expression. RESULTS Ablative radiotherapy alone had minimal impact on PDAC growth but led to a significant increase in CCL2 production by tumor cells and recruitment of Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes. A neutralizing anti-CCL2 antibody selectively inhibited radiotherapy-dependent recruitment of monocytes/macrophages and delayed tumor growth but only in combination with radiotherapy (P < 0.001). This antitumor effect was associated with decreased tumor proliferation and vascularity. Genetic deletion of CCL2 in PDAC cells also improved radiotherapy efficacy. CONCLUSIONS PDAC responds to radiotherapy by producing CCL2, which recruits Ly6C+CCR2+ monocytes to support tumor proliferation and neovascularization after radiotherapy. Disrupting the CCL2-CCR2 axis in combination with radiotherapy holds promise for improving radiotherapy efficacy in PDAC. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 137-48. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Kalbasi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chad Komar
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Graham M Tooker
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingen Liu
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jae W Lee
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Whitney L Gladney
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edgar Ben-Josef
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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23
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Wolfsperger F, Hogh-Binder SA, Schittenhelm J, Psaras T, Ritter V, Bornes L, Huber SM, Jendrossek V, Rudner J. Deubiquitylating enzyme USP9x regulates radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells by Mcl-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2039. [PMID: 26775694 PMCID: PMC4816183 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive form of brain tumor with limited therapeutic options. Usually, glioblastoma is treated with ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy after surgical removal. However, radiotherapy is frequently unsuccessful, among others owing to resistance mechanisms the tumor cells have developed. Antiapoptotic B-cell leukemia (Bcl)-2 family members can contribute to radioresistance by interfering with apoptosis induction in response to IR. Bcl-2 and the closely related Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are often overexpressed in glioblastoma cells. In contrast to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 is a short-lived protein whose stability is closely regulated by ubiquitylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. Although ubiquitin ligases facilitate degradation, the deubiquitylating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 9x (USP9x) interferes with degradation by removing polyubiquitin chains from Mcl-1, thereby stabilizing this protein. Thus, an inability to downregulate Mcl-1 by enhanced USP9x activity might contribute to radioresistance. Here we analyzed the impact of USP9x on Mcl-1 levels and radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells. Correlating Mcl-1 and USP9x expressions were significantly higher in human glioblastoma than in astrocytoma. Downregulation of Mcl-1 correlated with apoptosis induction in established glioblastoma cell lines. Although Mcl-1 knockdown by siRNA increased apoptosis induction after irradiation in all glioblastoma cell lines, USP9x knockdown significantly improved radiation-induced apoptosis in one of four cell lines and slightly increased apoptosis in another cell line. In the latter two cell lines, USP9x knockdown also increased radiation-induced clonogenic death. The massive downregulation of Mcl-1 and apoptosis induction in A172 cells transfected with USP9x siRNA shows that the deubiquitinase regulates cell survival by regulating Mcl-1 levels. In contrast, USP9x regulated radiosensitivity in Ln229 cells without affecting Mcl-1 levels. We conclude that USP9x can control survival and radiosensitivity in glioblastoma cells by Mcl-1-dependent and Mcl-1-independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wolfsperger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S A Hogh-Binder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J Schittenhelm
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - T Psaras
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Ritter
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Bornes
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S M Huber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - V Jendrossek
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Rudner
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Chang HW, Nam HY, Kim HJ, Moon SY, Kim MR, Lee M, Kim GC, Kim SW, Kim SY. Effect of β-catenin silencing in overcoming radioresistance of head and neck cancer cells by antagonizing the effects of AMPK on Ku70/Ku80. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1909-17. [PMID: 26713771 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to elucidate the mechanism of cell death after radiation by studying how β-catenin silencing controls the radiation sensitivity of radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. METHODS The most radioresistant cancer cell line (AMC-HN-9) was selected for study. Targeted silencing of β-catenin was used on siRNAs. Sensitivity to radiation was examined using clonogenic and methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assays. RESULTS A combination of irradiation plus β-catenin silencing led to a significant reduction in the inherent radioresistance of AMC-HN-9 cells. Although expression of Ku70/80 was upregulated in AMC-HN-9 cells after irradiation, Ku70/80 was dramatically decreased in a combination of irradiation and β-catenin silencing. Interestingly, irradiation-induced Ku70/80 was completely prevented by β-catenin silencing-induced LKB1/AMP-activated protein kinase (LKB1/AMPK) signal. CONCLUSION The LKB1/AMPK pathway might relay the signal between the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the Ku70/Ku80 DNA repair machinery, and play a decisive role in fine-tuning the responses of cancer cells to irradiation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1909-E1917, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Moon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Chul Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Radiation-Induced Glycogen Accumulation Detected by Single Cell Raman Spectroscopy Is Associated with Radioresistance that Can Be Reversed by Metformin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135356. [PMID: 26280348 PMCID: PMC4539228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of tumor cells and contributes to a host of properties associated with resistance to radiotherapy. Detection of radiation-induced biochemical changes can reveal unique metabolic pathways affecting radiosensitivity that may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Using clinically relevant doses of radiation, we performed label-free single cell Raman spectroscopy on a series of human cancer cell lines and detected radiation-induced accumulation of intracellular glycogen. The increase in glycogen post-irradiation was highest in lung (H460) and breast (MCF7) tumor cells compared to prostate (LNCaP) tumor cells. In response to radiation, the appearance of this glycogen signature correlated with radiation resistance. Moreover, the buildup of glycogen was linked to the phosphorylation of GSK-3β, a canonical modulator of cell survival following radiation exposure and a key regulator of glycogen metabolism. When MCF7 cells were irradiated in the presence of the anti-diabetic drug metformin, there was a significant decrease in the amount of radiation-induced glycogen. The suppression of glycogen by metformin following radiation was associated with increased radiosensitivity. In contrast to MCF7 cells, metformin had minimal effects on both the level of glycogen in H460 cells following radiation and radiosensitivity. Our data demonstrate a novel approach of spectral monitoring by Raman spectroscopy to assess changes in the levels of intracellular glycogen as a potential marker and resistance mechanism to radiation therapy.
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Ben-Josef E, George A, Regine WF, Abrams R, Morgan M, Thomas D, Schaefer PL, DiPetrillo TA, Fromm M, Small W, Narayan S, Winter K, Griffith KA, Guha C, Williams TM. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta Predicts Survival in Resected Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:5612-8. [PMID: 26240274 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE GSK3β is a protein kinase that can suppress a number of key oncoproteins. We have previously shown in preclinical models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that inhibition of GSK3β causes stabilization and nuclear translocation of β-catenin, poor differentiation, proliferation, and resistance to radiation. The objective of this study was to determine its utility as a biomarker of clinical outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Automated Quantitative Immunofluorescence Analysis (AQUA) of GSK3β was performed on a tissue microarray with samples from 163 patients treated on RTOG 9704. On the basis of findings in an exploratory cohort, GSK3β was analyzed as a categorical variable using its upper quartile (>Q3) as a cut point. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and GSK3β groupings were compared using the log-rank test. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine associations between GSK3β and OS/DFS. RESULTS The 3-year OS rates for GSK3β≤Q3 versus GSK3β >Q3 were 16% (95% confidence intervals; CI, 10%-23%) and 30% (95% CI, 17%-44%), respectively, P = 0.0082. The 3-year DFS rates were 9% (95% CI, 5%-15%) and 20% (95% CI, 9%-33%) respectively, P value = 0.0081. On multivariable analysis, GSK3β was a significant predictor of OS. Patients with GSK3β >Q3 had a 46% reduced risk of dying of pancreatic cancer (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31-0.96, P value = 0.034). The HR for DFS was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.39-1.07; P value = 0.092). CONCLUSIONS GSK3β expression is a strong prognosticator in PDAC, independent of other known factors such as tumor (T) stage, nodal status, surgical margins and CA19-9. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5612-8. ©2015 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asha George
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Statistical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ross Abrams
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Dafydd Thomas
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul L Schaefer
- Toledo Community Hospital Oncology Program CCOP, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | | | | | - Samir Narayan
- Michigan Cancer Research Consortium CCOP, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn Winter
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group-Statistical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Chandan Guha
- Montefiore Medical Center, Moses Campus, Bronx, New York
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Ying X, Jing L, Ma S, Li Q, Luo X, Pan Z, Feng Y, Feng P. GSK3β mediates pancreatic cancer cell invasion in vitro via the CXCR4/MMP-2 Pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2015. [PMID: 26213494 PMCID: PMC4513390 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) expression and activity are upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. In our previous study, we found that stromal cell-derived factor-1/ chemokine receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and promoted invasion in PANC1 and SW-1990 pancreatic cancer cells by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Additionally, inhibition of GSK3β reduced MMP-2 secretion. METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanism of GSK3β in pancreatic cancer tissues, we created stable PANC1 cells up-regulation of GSK3β by transfecting GSK3β overexpression plasmid, and down-regulation of GSK3β using two different types of RNA interference. RESULTS Western blotting showed that overexpression of GSK3β up-regulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 expression; suppression of GSK3β down-regulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 protein expression. Up-regulation of MMP2 induced by overexpression of GSK3β was blocked by inhibition of CXCR4. Overexpression of GSK3β promoted PANC1 cell invasion, and down-regulation of GSK3β suppressed PANC1 cell invasion in the transwell invasion assays. However, inhibition of CXCR4 using shRNA attenuated the ability of GSK3β to promote PANC1 cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that GSK3β promotes PANC1 cell invasion via the CXCR4/MMP-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hepatology, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, No.128, Yan an East Road, Qing pu District, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
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Gomez-Casal R, Bhattacharya C, Epperly MW, Basse PH, Wang H, Wang X, Proia DA, Greenberger JS, Socinski MA, Levina V. The HSP90 Inhibitor Ganetespib Radiosensitizes Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:876-907. [PMID: 26010604 PMCID: PMC4491689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone HSP90 is involved in stabilization and function of multiple client proteins, many of which represent important oncogenic drivers in NSCLC. Utilization of HSP90 inhibitors as radiosensitizing agents is a promising approach. The antitumor activity of ganetespib, HSP90 inhibitor, was evaluated in human lung adenocarcinoma (AC) cells for its ability to potentiate the effects of IR treatment in both in vitro and in vivo. The cytotoxic effects of ganetespib included; G2/M cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA repair, apoptosis induction, and promotion of senescence. All of these antitumor effects were both concentration- and time-dependent. Both pretreatment and post-radiation treatment with ganetespib at low nanomolar concentrations induced radiosensitization in lung AC cells in vitro. Ganetespib may impart radiosensitization through multiple mechanisms: such as down regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway; diminished DNA repair capacity and promotion of cellular senescence. In vivo, ganetespib reduced growth of T2821 tumor xenografts in mice and sensitized tumors to IR. Tumor irradiation led to dramatic upregulation of β-catenin expression in tumor tissues, an effect that was mitigated in T2821 xenografts when ganetespib was combined with IR treatments. These data highlight the promise of combining ganetespib with IR therapies in the treatment of AC lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Gomez-Casal
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Chitralekha Bhattacharya
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Michael W Epperly
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Per H Basse
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David A Proia
- Synta Pharmaceuticals Corp., 45 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA.
| | - Joel S Greenberger
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Mark A Socinski
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Vera Levina
- The University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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HAN XIAORUI, BAI XIZHUANG, SUN YU, YANG YAN. Nuclear ING2 expression is reduced in osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1967-72. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhao Q, Hou T, Huang X. Nuclear localizaiton of β-catenin is associated with poor survival and chemo-/radioresistance in human cervical squamous cell cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3908-3917. [PMID: 25120767 PMCID: PMC4129002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear expression of β-catenin has been suggested as an independent prognostic marker in a variety of cancers. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic significance of nuclear β-catenin expression in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). In this original research article, we detected nuclear β-catenin expression in 29/171 CSCC tissues (17.0%). Patients without nuclear β-catenin expression had a significantly better outcome than patients with nuclear β-catenin expression (93.7% versus 82.7% P = 0.027). Furthermore, nuclear β-catenin expression was predictive of prognosis in CSCC patients with early stage disease (FIGO stage I or tumor size ≤ 4 cm), with well/moderately differentiated tumors, or lymph node metastasis. Interestingly, nuclear β-catenin expression correlated with poor outcome in patients who received postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Multivariate analysis suggested that nuclear β-catenin expression is an independent prognostic indicator in CSCC. Our findings suggest that nuclear β-catenin expression may be used as a prognostic biomarker in CSCC, especially for patients with early stage disease, well/moderately differentiated tumors, or lymph node metastasis. Moreover, nuclear β-catenin expression has potential as a predictive marker of chemoresistance and radioresistance in CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, GD 510060, China
| | - Bangzhong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, GD 510060, China
| | - Teng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, GD 510060, China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou, GD 510060, China
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Hennig J, McShane MP, Cordes N, Eke I. APPL proteins modulate DNA repair and radiation survival of pancreatic carcinoma cells by regulating ATM. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1199. [PMID: 24763056 PMCID: PMC4001316 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite intensive multimodal therapies, the overall survival rate of patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas is still poor. The chemo- and radioresistance mechanisms of this tumor entity remain to be determined in order to develop novel treatment strategies. In cancer, endocytosis and membrane trafficking proteins are known to be utilized and they also critically regulate essential cell functions like survival and proliferation. On the basis of these data, we evaluated the role of the endosomal proteins adaptor proteins containing pleckstrin homology domain, phosphotyrosine binding domain and a leucine zipper motif (APPL)1 and 2 for the radioresistance of pancreatic carcinoma cells. Here, we show that APPL2 expression in pancreatic cancer cells is upregulated after irradiation and that depletion of APPL proteins by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced radiation survival in parallel to impairing DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. In addition, APPL knockdown diminished radiogenic hyperphosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Activated ATM and APPL1 were also shown to interact after irradiation, suggesting that APPL has a more direct role in the phosphorylation of ATM. Double targeting of APPL proteins and ATM caused similar radiosensitization and concomitant DSB repair perturbation to that observed after depletion of single proteins, indicating that ATM is the central modulator of APPL-mediated effects on radiosensitivity and DNA repair. These data strongly suggest that endosomal APPL proteins contribute to the DNA damage response. Whether targeting of APPL proteins is beneficial for the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hennig
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M P McShane
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - N Cordes
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - I Eke
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Gomez-Millan J, Perez L, Aroca I, Del Mar Delgado M, De Luque V, Román A, Torres E, Ramos S, Perez S, Bayo E, Medina JA. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer induces changes in the expression of nuclear β-catenin: prognostic significance. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:192. [PMID: 24629143 PMCID: PMC3995577 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the cornerstone of treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Although high local control is achieved, overall rates of distant control remain suboptimal. Colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with critical alterations of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway involved in proliferation and survival. The aim of this study was to assess whether CRT induces changes in the expression of β-catenin/E-cadherin, and to determine whether these changes are associated with survival. METHODS The Immunohistochemical expression of nuclear β-catenin and membranous E-cadherin was prospectively analysed in tumour blocks from 98 stage II/III rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative CRT. Tumour samples were collected before and after CRT treatment. All patients were treated with pelvic RT (46-50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) intravenous infusion (225 mg/m2) or capecitabine (825 mg/m2) during RT treatment, followed by total mesorectal excision (TME). Disease-free survival (DFS) was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method and a multivariate Cox regression model was employed for the Multivariate analysis. RESULTS CRT induced significant changes in the expression of nuclear β-catenin (49% of patients presented an increased expression after CRT, 17% a decreased expression and 34% no changes; p = 0.001). After a median follow-up of 25 months, patients that overexpressed nuclear β-catenin after CRT showed poor survival compared with patients that experienced a decrease in nuclear β-catenin expression (3-year DFS 92% vs. 43%, HR 0.17; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.8; p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis for DFS, increased nuclear β-catenin expression after CRT almost reached the cut-off for significance (p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In our study, preoperative CRT for LARC induced significant changes in nuclear β-catenin expression, which had a major impact on survival. Finding a way to decrease CRT resistance would significantly improve LARC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Gomez-Millan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Campus Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29010, Spain.
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Overcoming intratumor heterogeneity of polygenic cancer drug resistance with improved biomarker integration. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1278-89. [PMID: 23308059 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in technology and resources are helping to advance our understanding of cancer-initiating events as well as factors involved with tumor progression, adaptation, and evasion of therapy. Tumors are well known to contain diverse cell populations and intratumor heterogeneity affords neoplasms with a diverse set of biologic characteristics that can be used to evolve and adapt. Intratumor heterogeneity has emerged as a major hindrance to improving cancer patient care. Polygenic cancer drug resistance necessitates reconsidering drug designs to include polypharmacology in pursuit of novel combinatorial agents having multitarget activity to overcome the diverse and compensatory signaling pathways in which cancer cells use to survive and evade therapy. Advances will require integration of different biomarkers such as genomics and imaging to provide for more adequate elucidation of the spatially varying location, type, and extent of diverse intratumor signaling molecules to provide for a rationale-based personalized cancer medicine strategy.
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Kitano A, Shimasaki T, Chikano Y, Nakada M, Hirose M, Higashi T, Ishigaki Y, Endo Y, Takino T, Sato H, Sai Y, Miyamoto KI, Motoo Y, Kawakami K, Minamoto T. Aberrant glycogen synthase kinase 3β is involved in pancreatic cancer cell invasion and resistance to therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55289. [PMID: 23408967 PMCID: PMC3568118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The major obstacles to treatment of pancreatic cancer are the highly invasive capacity and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) regulates multiple cellular pathways and is implicated in various diseases including cancer. Here we investigate a pathological role for GSK3β in the invasive and treatment resistant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. Methods Pancreatic cancer cells were examined for GSK3β expression, phosphorylation and activity using Western blotting and in vitro kinase assay. The effects of GSK3β inhibition on cancer cell survival, proliferation, invasive ability and susceptibility to gemcitabine and radiation were examined following treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor or by RNA interference. Effects of GSK3β inhibition on cancer cell xenografts were also examined. Results Pancreatic cancer cells showed higher expression and activity of GSK3β than non-neoplastic cells, which were associated with changes in its differential phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β significantly reduced the proliferation and survival of cancer cells, sensitized them to gemcitabine and ionizing radiation, and attenuated their migration and invasion. These effects were associated with decreases in cyclin D1 expression and Rb phosphorylation. Inhibition of GSK3β also altered the subcellular localization of Rac1 and F-actin and the cellular microarchitecture, including lamellipodia. Coincident with these changes were the reduced secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and decreased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The effects of GSK3β inhibition on tumor invasion, susceptibility to gemcitabine, MMP-2 expression and FAK phosphorylation were observed in tumor xenografts. Conclusion The targeting of GSK3β represents an effective strategy to overcome the dual challenges of invasiveness and treatment resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kitano
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuri Chikano
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hirose
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Higashi
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Ishigaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Endo
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Takino
- Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sato
- Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Motoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kawakami
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshinari Minamoto
- Division of Translational and Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tang QL, Xie XB, Wang J, Chen Q, Han AJ, Zou CY, Yin JQ, Liu DW, Liang Y, Zhao ZQ, Yong BC, Zhang RH, Feng QS, Deng WG, Zhu XF, Zhou BP, Zeng YX, Shen JN, Kang T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β, NF-κB signaling, and tumorigenesis of human osteosarcoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104:749-63. [PMID: 22534782 PMCID: PMC3352834 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djs210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, may function as a tumor suppressor or an oncogene, depending on the tumor type. We sought to determine the biological function of GSK-3β in osteosarcoma, a rare pediatric cancer for which the identification of new therapeutic targets is urgent. Methods We used cell viability assays, colony formation assays, and apoptosis assays to analyze the effects of altered GSK-3β expression in U2OS, MG63, SAOS2, U2OS/MTX300, and ZOS osteosarcoma cell lines. Nude mice (n = 5–8 mice per group) were injected with U2OS/MTX300, and ZOS cells to assess the role of GSK-3β in osteosarcoma growth in vivo and to evaluate the effects of inhibitors and/or anticancer drugs on tumor growth. We used an antibody array, polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and a luciferase reporter assay to establish the effect of GSK-3β inhibition on the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. Immunochemistry was performed on primary tumor specimens from osteosarcoma patients (n = 74) to determine the relationship of GSK-3β activity with overall survival. Results Osteosarcoma cells with low levels of inactive p-Ser9-GSK-3β formed colonies in vitro and tumors in vivo more readily than cells with higher levels and cells in which GSK-3β had been silenced formed fewer colonies and smaller tumors than parental cells. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β resulted in apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Inhibition of GSK-3β resulted in inhibition of the NF-κB pathway and reduction of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Combination treatments with GSK-3β inhibitors, NF-κB inhibitors, and chemotherapy drugs increased the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs in vitro and in vivo. Patients whose osteosarcoma specimens had hyperactive GSK-3β, and nuclear NF-κB had a shorter median overall survival time (49.2 months) compared with patients whose tumors had inactive GSK-3β and NF-κB (109.2 months). Conclusion GSK-3β activity may promote osteosarcoma tumor growth, and therapeutic targeting of the GSK-3β and/or NF-κB pathways may be an effective way to enhance the therapeutic activity of anticancer drugs against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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The interconnectedness of cancer cell signaling. Neoplasia 2012; 13:1183-93. [PMID: 22241964 DOI: 10.1593/neo.111746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The elegance of fundamental and applied research activities have begun to reveal a myriad of spatial and temporal alterations in downstream signaling networks affected by cell surface receptor stimulation including G protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Interconnected biochemical pathways serve to integrate and distribute the signaling information throughout the cell by orchestration of complex biochemical circuits consisting of protein interactions and covalent modification processes. It is clear that scientific literature summarizing results from both fundamental and applied scientific research activities has served to provide a broad foundational biologic database that has been instrumental in advancing our continued understanding of underlying cancer biology. This article reflects on historical advances and the role of innovation in the competitive world of grant-sponsored research.
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Rådinger M, Smrž D, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a prosurvival signal for the maintenance of human mast cell homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5587-95. [PMID: 22039301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of mature tissue-resident mast cells is dependent on the relative activation of pro- and antiapoptotic regulators. In this study, we investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the survival of neoplastic and nonneoplastic human mast cells. GSK3β was observed to be phosphorylated at the Y(216) activating residue under resting conditions in both the neoplastic HMC1.2 cell line and in peripheral blood-derived primary human mast cells (HuMCs), suggesting constitutive activation of GSK3β in these cells. Lentiviral-transduced short hairpin RNA knockdown of GSK3β in both the HMC1.2 cells and HuMCs resulted in a significant reduction in cell survival as determined with the MTT assay. The decrease in stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated survival in the GSK3β knockdown HuMCs was reflected by enhancement of SCF withdrawal-induced apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V staining and caspase cleavage, and this was associated with a pronounced reduction in SCF-mediated phosphorylation of Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK1/2 and reduced expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. These data show that GSK3β is an essential antiapoptotic factor in both neopastic and nontransformed primary human mast cells through the regulation of SCF-mediated Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK activation. Our data suggest that targeting of GSK3β with small m.w. inhibitors such as CHIR 99021 may thus provide a mechanism for limiting mast cell survival and subsequently decreasing the intensity of the allergic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Rådinger
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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Kaufmann L, Marinescu G, Nazarenko I, Thiele W, Oberle C, Sleeman J, Blattner C. LiCl induces TNF-α and FasL production, thereby stimulating apoptosis in cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:15. [PMID: 21609428 PMCID: PMC3115922 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of cancer in patients with neurological diseases, who have been treated with LiCl, is below average. LiCl is a well-established inhibitor of Glycogen synthase kinase-3, a kinase that controls several cellular processes, among which is the degradation of the tumour suppressor protein p53. We therefore wondered whether LiCl induces p53-dependent cell death in cancer cell lines and experimental tumours. Results Here we show that LiCl induces apoptosis of tumour cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cell death was accompanied by cleavage of PARP and Caspases-3, -8 and -10. LiCl-induced cell death was not dependent on p53, but was augmented by its presence. Treatment of tumour cells with LiCl strongly increased TNF-α and FasL expression. Inhibition of TNF-α induction using siRNA or inhibition of FasL binding to its receptor by the Nok-1 antibody potently reduced LiCl-dependent cleavage of Caspase-3 and increased cell survival. Treatment of xenografted rats with LiCl strongly reduced tumour growth. Conclusions Induction of cell death by LiCl supports the notion that GSK-3 may represent a promising target for cancer therapy. LiCl-induced cell death is largely independent of p53 and mediated by the release of TNF-α and FasL. Key words: LiCl, TNF-α, FasL, apoptosis, GSK-3, FasL
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Kaufmann
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, PO-Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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Dinosaurs and ancient civilizations: reflections on the treatment of cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 12:957-68. [PMID: 21170260 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts in the area of palaeopathology have been seen as an avenue to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer. Answers to questions of whether dinosaurs had cancer, or if cancer plagued ancient civilizations, have captured the imagination as well as the popular media. Evidence for dinosaurian cancer may indicate that cancer may have been with us from the dawn of time. Ancient recorded history suggests that past civilizations attempted to fight cancer with a variety of interventions. When contemplating the issue why a generalized cure for cancer has not been found, it might prove useful to reflect on the relatively limited time that this issue has been an agenda item of governmental attention as well as continued introduction of an every evolving myriad of manmade carcinogens relative to the total time cancer has been present on planet Earth. This article reflects on the history of cancer and the progress made following the initiation of the "era of cancer chemotherapy."
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Lee YS, Mollah ML, Sohn KC, Shi G, Kim DH, Kim KH, Cho MJ, Kim S, Lee YH, Kim CD, Lee JH. ID3 mediates X-ray-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes through the regulation of β-catenin. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 60:138-42. [PMID: 21030215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation is used to treat many of cancers, however, it also produces unwanted side effect on normal tissues, such as radiodermatitis. We previously established an animal model for radiodermatitis, and found that X-ray irradiation induced the expression of ID3 in hairless mouse skin by cDNA microarray. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the functional role of ID3 in X-ray irradiated keratinocytes. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to demonstrate the ID3 induction by X-ray irradiation. HaCaT keratinocytes were transduced with the recombinant adenovirus expressing HA-ID3, and then effects on apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS X-ray irradiation increased markedly the ID3 protein level in epidermis of mouse skin. X-ray irradiation also induced the expression of ID3 in HaCaT keratinocytes cultured in vitro, at both mRNA and protein levels. When ID3 was overexpressed by recombinant adenovirus, apoptosis of keratinocytes were induced even in the absence of X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, overexpression of ID3 sensitized X-ray-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, X-ray irradiation significantly reduced the endogenous β-catenin level, which was related with induction of apoptosis. Similarly, overexpression of ID3 led to remarkable reduction in β-catenin level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ID3 plays a role as an apoptosis inducer in response to X-ray irradiation via the regulation of endogenous β-catenin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sook Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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