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Cox D, Ormsby AR, Reid GE, Hatters DM. Protein painting reveals pervasive remodeling of conserved proteostasis machinery in response to pharmacological stimuli. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:46. [DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe correct spatio-temporal organization of the proteome is essential for cellular homeostasis. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of this organization and how it is altered in response to external stimuli in the intact cellular environment is as-yet unrealized. ‘Protein painting methods provide a means to address this gap in knowledge by monitoring the conformational status of proteins within cells at the proteome-wide scale. Here, we demonstrate the ability of a protein painting method employing tetraphenylethene maleimide (TPE-MI) to reveal proteome network remodeling in whole cells in response to a cohort of commonly used pharmacological stimuli of varying specificity. We report specific, albeit heterogeneous, responses to individual stimuli that coalesce on a conserved set of core cellular machineries. This work expands our understanding of proteome conformational remodeling in response to cellular stimuli, and provides a blueprint for assessing how these conformational changes may contribute to disorders characterized by proteostasis imbalance.
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2
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Herod A, Emond-Rheault JG, Tamber S, Goodridge L, Lévesque RC, Rohde J. Genomic and phenotypic analysis of SspH1 identifies a new Salmonella effector, SspH3. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:770-789. [PMID: 34942035 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen and is responsible for a range of diseases. Not all Salmonella contribute to severe health outcomes as there is a large degree of genetic heterogeneity among the 2600 serovars within the genus. This variability across Salmonella serovars is linked to numerous genetic elements that dictate virulence. While several genetic elements encode virulence factors with well documented contributions to pathogenesis, many genetic elements implicated in Salmonella virulence remain uncharacterized. Many pathogens encode a family of E3 ubiquitin ligases that are delivered into the cells that they infect using a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS). These effectors, known as NEL-domain E3s, were first characterized in Salmonella. Most Salmonella encode the NEL-effectors sspH2 and slrP, whereas only a subset of Salmonella encode sspH1. SspH1 has been shown to ubiquitinate the mammalian protein kinase PKN1, which has been reported to negatively regulate the pro-survival program Akt. We discovered that SspH1 mediates the degradation of PKN1 during infection of a macrophage cell line but that this degradation does not impact Akt signaling. Genomic analysis of a large collection of Salmonella genomes identified a putative new gene, sspH3, with homology to sspH1. SspH3 is a novel NEL-domain effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Herod
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | | | - Sandeep Tamber
- Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence Goodridge
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, East Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Roger C Lévesque
- Institute for Integrative and Systems Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - John Rohde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University Halifax, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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3
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Honkoop H, Nguyen PD, van der Velden VEM, Sonnen KF, Bakkers J. Live imaging of adult zebrafish cardiomyocyte proliferation ex vivo. Development 2021; 148:271839. [PMID: 34397091 PMCID: PMC8489017 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are excellent at regenerating their heart by reinitiating proliferation in pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Studying how zebrafish achieve this holds great potential in developing new strategies to boost mammalian heart regeneration. Nevertheless, the lack of appropriate live-imaging tools for the adult zebrafish heart has limited detailed studies into the dynamics underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here, we address this by developing a system in which cardiac slices of the injured zebrafish heart are cultured ex vivo for several days while retaining key regenerative characteristics, including cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, we show that the cardiac slice culture system is compatible with live timelapse imaging and allows manipulation of regenerating cardiomyocytes with drugs that normally would have toxic effects that prevent their use. Finally, we use the cardiac slices to demonstrate that adult cardiomyocytes with fully assembled sarcomeres can partially disassemble their sarcomeres in a calpain- and proteasome-dependent manner to progress through nuclear division and cytokinesis. In conclusion, we have developed a cardiac slice culture system, which allows imaging of native cardiomyocyte dynamics in real time to discover cellular mechanisms during heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessel Honkoop
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Phong D Nguyen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katharina F Sonnen
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht 3584CT, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Division of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584EA, The Netherlands
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4
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MNDA controls the expression of MCL-1 and BCL-2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Exp Hematol 2020; 88:68-82.e5. [PMID: 32682001 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The myeloid nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a stress-induced protein that promotes degradation of the anti-apoptotic factor MCL-1 and apoptosis in myeloid cells. MNDA is also expressed in normal lymphoid cells and in B-cell clones isolated from individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a disease characterized by abnormal apoptosis control. We found that MNDA expression levels inversely correlate with the amount of the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCL-2 in human CLL samples. We report that in response to chemotherapeutic agents that induce genotoxic stress, MNDA exits its typical nucleolar localization and accumulates in the nucleoplasm of CLL and lymphoid cells. Then, MNDA binds chromatin at Mcl1 and Bcl2 genes and affects the transcriptional competence of RNA polymerase II. Our data also reveal that MNDA specifically associates with Mcl1 and Bcl2 (pre-) mRNAs and favors their rapid turnover as a prompt response to genotoxic stress. We propose that this rapid dynamic tuning of RNA levels, which leads to the destabilization of Mcl1 and Bcl2 transcripts, represents a post-transcriptional mechanism of apoptosis control in CLL cells. These results provide an explanation of previous clinical data and corroborate the finding that higher MNDA expression levels in CLL are associated with a better clinical course.
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5
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Deng H, Ikeda A, Cui H, Bartlett JD, Suzuki M. MDM2-Mediated p21 Proteasomal Degradation Promotes Fluoride Toxicity in Ameloblasts. Cells 2019; 8:E436. [PMID: 31083332 PMCID: PMC6562432 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoride overexposure is an environmental health hazard and can cause enamel and skeletal fluorosis. Previously we demonstrated that fluoride increased acetylated-p53 and its downstream target p21 in ameloblast-derived LS8 cells. However, p21 function in fluoride toxicity is not well characterized. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of how p53 down-stream mediators, p21 and MDM2, respond to fluoride toxicity. LS8 cells were treated with NaF with/without MG-132 (proteasome inhibitor) or Nutlin-3a (MDM2 antagonist). NaF treatment for 2-6 h increased phospho-p21, which can inhibit apoptosis. However, phospho-p21 and p21 were decreased by NaF at 24 h, even though p21 mRNA was significantly increased at this time point. MG-132 reversed the fluoride-mediated p21 decrease, indicating that fluoride facilitates p21 proteasomal degradation. MG-132 suppressed fluoride-induced caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that the proteasome plays a pro-apoptotic role in fluoride toxicity. NaF increased phospho-MDM2 in vitro and in mouse ameloblasts in vivo. Nutlin-3a suppressed NaF-mediated MDM2-p21 binding to reverse p21 degradation which increased phospho-p21. This suppressed apoptosis after 24 h NaF treatment. These results suggest that MDM2-mediated p21 proteasomal degradation with subsequent phospho-p21 attenuation contributes to fluoride-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of MDM2-mediated p21 degradation may be a potential therapeutic target to mitigate fluoride toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Deng
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - John D Bartlett
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Maiko Suzuki
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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6
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Aktas Z, Rao H, Slauson SR, Gabelt BT, Larsen IV, Sheridan RTC, Herrnberger L, Tamm ER, Kaufman PL, Brandt CR. Proteasome Inhibition Increases the Efficiency of Lentiviral Vector-Mediated Transduction of Trabecular Meshwork. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:298-310. [PMID: 29340644 PMCID: PMC5961099 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine if proteasome inhibition using MG132 increased the efficiency of FIV vector–mediated transduction in human trabecular meshwork (TM)-1 cells and monkey organ-cultured anterior segments (MOCAS). Methods TM-1 cells were pretreated for 1 hour with 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; vehicle control) or 5 to 50 μM MG132 and transduced with FIV.GFP (green fluorescent protein)– or FIV.mCherry-expressing vector at a multiplicity of transduction (MOT) of 20. At 24 hours, cells were fixed and stained with antibodies for GFP, and positive cells were counted, manually or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Cells transduced with FIV.GFP particles alone were used as controls. The effect of 20 μM MG132 treatment on high- and low-dose (2 × 107 and 0.8 × 107 transducing units [TU], respectively) FIV.GFP transduction with or without MG132 was also evaluated in MOCAS using fluorescence microscopy. Vector genome equivalents in cells and tissues were quantified by quantitative (q)PCR on DNA. Results In the MG132 treatment groups, there was a significant dose-dependent increase in the percentage of transduced cells at all concentrations tested. Vector genome equivalents were also increased in TM-1 cells treated with MG132. Increased FIV.GFP expression in the TM was also observed in MOCAS treated with 20 μM MG132 and the high dose of vector. Vector genome equivalents were also significantly increased in the MOCAS tissues. Increased transduction was not seen with the low dose of virus. Conclusions Proteasome inhibition increased the transduction efficiency of FIV particles in TM-1 cells and MOCAS and may be a useful adjunct for delivery of therapeutic genes to the TM by lentiviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Aktas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hongyu Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Sarah R Slauson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - B'Ann T Gabelt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Inna V Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Rachael T C Sheridan
- UW Carbone Cancer Center Flow Cytometry Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Leonie Herrnberger
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst R Tamm
- Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paul L Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Curtis R Brandt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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7
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Seo MY, Rhee K. Caspase-mediated cleavage of the centrosomal proteins during apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:571. [PMID: 29752437 PMCID: PMC5948218 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome is the major microtubule-organizing center and plays important roles in intracellular transport, cellular morphology, and motility. In mitotic cells, centrosomes function as spindle poles to pull a set of chromosomes into daughter cells. In quiescent cells, primary cilia are originated from the centrosomes. Given its involvement in various cellular processes, it is little surprising that the organelle would also participate in apoptotic events. However, it remains elusive how the centrosome changes in structure and organization during apoptosis. Apoptosis, a programmed cell death, is required for homeostatic tissue maintenance, embryonic development, stress responses, etc. Activation of caspases generates a cascade of apoptotic pathways, explaining much of what happens during apoptosis. Here, we report the proteolytic cleavage of selected centrosomal proteins in apoptotic cells. SAS-6, a cartwheel component of centrioles, was specifically cleaved at the border of the coiled-coil domain and the disordered C-terminus. Pericentrin, a scaffold of pericentriolar material, was also cleaved during apoptosis. These cleavages were efficiently blocked by the caspase inhibitors. We propose that the caspase-dependent proteolysis of the centrosomal proteins may destabilize the configuration of a centrosome. Loss of centrosomes may be required for the formation of apoptotic microtubule networks, which are essential for apoptotic fragmentation. This work demonstrates the first centrosomal targets by caspases during apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kunsoo Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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8
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Adem J, Eray M, Eeva J, Nuutinen U, Pelkonen J. The combination of TRAIL and MG-132 induces apoptosis in both TRAIL-sensitive and TRAIL-resistant human follicular lymphoma cells. Leuk Res 2018; 66:57-65. [PMID: 29407584 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the human follicular lymphoma cell line, HF28GFP, is sensitive to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Nevertheless, when the same cells overexpress anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, Bcl-xL (HF28Bcl-xL), they become resistant to TRAIL. Thus, these cell lines help us to investigate the action of novel apoptosis inducing candidate drugs. In the present study, we examined the effects of MG-132 (a proteasome inhibitor), LiCl (a glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor) and/or TRAIL on pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins such as Bim and Bid. Here we demonstrate that the combination of MG-132 and TRAIL induced significant apoptotic cell death in both cell lines, HF28GFP and HF28BclxL. Apoptosis correlated with a decrease of phospho-ERK1/2, the accumulation of Bim and translocation of truncated Bid (tBid) and jBid. In addition, the combination of MG-132 and TRAIL seemed to target other apoptotic factors, which led to the accumulation of active capsase-3. Furthermore, co-stimulation of LiCl and TRAIL induced apoptosis in HF28GFP cells. However, HF28Bcl-xL cells were far less sensitive to the combinatorial effects of LiCl and TRAIL. Interestingly, we observed that LiCl did not target Bim and Bid proteins. In conclusion, these data show that targeting of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins simultaneously through a selective proteasome inhibition might help to overcome TRAIL resistance caused by overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Moreover, the data may provide new strategies to develop targeted therapies against lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemal Adem
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Mine Eray
- Department of Pathology (HUSLAB), Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonna Eeva
- Department of Hematology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Nuutinen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Pelkonen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 C, 70210, Kuopio, Finland; Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre (ISLAB), Kuopio, Finland; Cancer Center of University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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9
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Zhang Y, Yang B, Zhao J, Li X, Zhang L, Zhai Z. Proteasome Inhibitor Carbobenzoxy-L-Leucyl-L-Leucyl-L-Leucinal (MG132) Enhances Therapeutic Effect of Paclitaxel on Breast Cancer by Inhibiting Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:294-304. [PMID: 29332931 PMCID: PMC5779800 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbobenzoxy-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal (MG132), a peptide aldehyde proteasome inhibitor, can inhibit tumor progression by inactivating nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling. Paclitaxel (PTX) is part of a routine regimen for the treatment of breast cancer. However, activation of the NF-κB pathway after treatment with PTX confers insensitivity to this drug. This study investigated the potential effect of MG132 as a co-treatment with PTX against breast cancer, and clarifies the underlying molecular mechanisms. Material/Methods Breast cancer cells were treated with PTX, MG132, or PTX plus MG132, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated phenotypically. A mouse model of breast cancer was used to determine the combined effect of PTX plus MG132 in vivo. Results Treatment with PTX plus MG132 suppressed aggressive phenotypes of breast cancer cells more effectively than PTX alone. Consistently, MG132 also enhanced the suppressive effect of PTX on tumor growth in C57BL/6 mice. Significantly, activation of the NF-κB pathway by PTX was attenuated by MG132. Conclusions Based on our findings, we suggest the application of MG132 in clinical practice in combination with PTX for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Zhang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Bin Yang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jinping Zhao
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoli Li
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Long Zhang
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenhua Zhai
- The Laboratory of Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland).,Department of Oncology, Cancer Centre, The First Hospital Affiliated to Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Cerruti F, Jocollè G, Salio C, Oliva L, Paglietti L, Alessandria B, Mioletti S, Donati G, Numico G, Cenci S, Cascio P. Proteasome stress sensitizes malignant pleural mesothelioma cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17626. [PMID: 29247244 PMCID: PMC5732203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on promising results in preclinical models, clinical trials have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor bortezomib towards malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), an aggressive cancer arising from the mesothelium of the serous cavities following exposure to asbestos. Unexpectedly, only minimal therapeutic benefits were observed, thus implicating that MPM harbors inherent resistance mechanisms. Identifying the molecular bases of this primary resistance is crucial to develop novel pharmacologic strategies aimed at increasing the vulnerability of MPM to bortezomib. Therefore, we assessed a panel of four human MPM lines with different sensitivity to bortezomib, for functional proteasome activity and levels of free and polymerized ubiquitin. We found that highly sensitive MPM lines display lower proteasome activity than more bortezomib-resistant clones, suggesting that reduced proteasomal capacity might contribute to the intrinsic susceptibility of mesothelioma cells to proteasome inhibitors-induced apoptosis. Moreover, MPM equipped with fewer active proteasomes accumulated polyubiquitinated proteins, at the expense of free ubiquitin, a condition known as proteasome stress, which lowers the cellular apoptotic threshold and sensitizes mesothelioma cells to bortezomib-induced toxicity as shown herein. Taken together, our data suggest that an unfavorable load-versus-capacity balance represents a critical determinant of primary apoptotic sensitivity to bortezomib in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Cerruti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Genny Jocollè
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale U. Parini, Viale Ginevra 3, 11100, Aosta, Italy
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Oliva
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Paglietti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Alessandria
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Mioletti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Donati
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, Ospedale U. Parini, Viale Ginevra 3, 11100, Aosta, Italy
| | - Gianmauro Numico
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e C Arrigo, Via Venezia 16, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Cascio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy.
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11
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Park SY, Shin JH, Kee SH. E-cadherin expression increases cell proliferation by regulating energy metabolism through nuclear factor-κB in AGS cells. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1769-1777. [PMID: 28699254 PMCID: PMC5581528 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a central player in Wnt signaling, and activation of Wnt signaling is associated with cancer development. E-cadherin in complex with β-catenin mediates cell-cell adhesion, which suppresses β-catenin-dependent Wnt signaling. Recently, a tumor-suppressive role for E-cadherin has been reconsidered, as re-expression of E-cadherin was reported to enhance the metastatic potential of malignant tumors. To explore the role of E-cadherin, we established an E-cadherin-expressing cell line, EC96, from AGS cells that featured undetectable E-cadherin expression and a high level of Wnt signaling. In EC96 cells, E-cadherin re-expression enhanced cell proliferation, although Wnt signaling activity was reduced. Subsequent analysis revealed that nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and consequent c-myc expression might be involved in E-cadherin expression-mediated cell proliferation. To facilitate rapid proliferation, EC96 cells enhance glucose uptake and produce ATP using both mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, whereas AGS cells use these mechanisms less efficiently. These events appeared to be mediated by NF-κB activation. Therefore, E-cadherin re-expression and subsequent induction of NF-κB signaling likely enhance energy production and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Hye Shin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sun-Ho Kee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Kim DW, Kwon J, Sim SJ, Lee D, Mar W. Orobol derivatives and extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata fruits protect against 6-hydroxydomamine-induced neuronal cell death by enhancing proteasome activity and the ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent degradation of α-synuclein and synphilin-1. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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13
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Nabavi N, Bennewith KL, Churg A, Wang Y, Collins CC, Mutti L. Switching off malignant mesothelioma: exploiting the hypoxic microenvironment. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:340-354. [PMID: 28191281 PMCID: PMC5302036 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive, asbestos-related cancers with poor patient prognosis, typically arising in the mesothelial surfaces of tissues in pleural and peritoneal cavity. The relative unspecific symptoms of mesotheliomas, misdiagnoses, and lack of precise targeted therapies call for a more critical assessment of this disease. In the present review, we categorize commonly identified genomic aberrations of mesotheliomas into their canonical pathways and discuss targeting these pathways in the context of tumor hypoxia, a hallmark of cancer known to render solid tumors more resistant to radiation and most chemo-therapy. We then explore the concept that the intrinsic hypoxic microenvironment of mesotheliomas can be Achilles' heel for targeted, multimodal therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Nabavi
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Bennewith
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Churg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, BC, Canada
| | - Colin C. Collins
- Laboratory for Advanced Genome Analysis, Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Luciano Mutti
- Italian Group for Research and Therapy for Mesothelioma (GIMe) & School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Ghosh C, Gupta N, More P, Sengupta P, Mallick A, Santra MK, Basu S. Engineering and In VitroEvaluation of Acid Labile Cholesterol Tethered MG132 Nanoparticle for Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in Cancer. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandramouli Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Cancer and Epigenetics Lab; National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind; Pune 411007, Maharashtra India
| | - Piyush More
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Poulomi Sengupta
- Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR National Chemical Laboratory; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR); Dr. Homi Bhaba Road Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Abhik Mallick
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
| | - Manas Kumar Santra
- Cancer and Epigenetics Lab; National Center for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind; Pune 411007, Maharashtra India
| | - Sudipta Basu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Pune; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008, Maharashtra India
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15
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A Cytoplasmic Form of Gaussia luciferase Provides a Highly Sensitive Test for Cytotoxicity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156202. [PMID: 27228203 PMCID: PMC4881903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The elimination of unfavorable chemicals from our environment and commercial products requires a sensitive and high-throughput in vitro assay system for drug-induced hepatotoxicity. Some previous methods for evaluating hepatotoxicity measure the amounts of cytoplasmic enzymes secreted from damaged cells into the peripheral blood or culture medium. However, most of these enzymes are proteolytically digested in the extracellular milieu, dramatically reducing the sensitivity and reliability of such assays. Other methods measure the decrease in cell viability following exposure to a compound, but such endpoint assays are often confounded by proliferation of surviving cells that replace dead or damaged cells. In this study, with the goal of preventing false-negative diagnoses, we developed a sensitive luminometric cytotoxicity test using a stable form of luciferase. Specifically, we converted Gaussia luciferase (G-Luc) from an actively secreted form to a cytoplasmic form by adding an ER-retention signal composed of the four amino acids KDEL. The bioluminescent signal was >30-fold higher in transgenic HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells expressing G-Luc+KDEL than in cells expressing wild-type G-Luc. Moreover, G-Luc+KDEL secreted from damaged cells was stable in culture medium after 24 hr at 37°C. We evaluated the accuracy of our cytotoxicity test by subjecting identical samples obtained from chemically treated transgenic HepG2 cells to the G-Luc+KDEL assay and luminometric analyses based on secretion of endogenous adenylate kinase or cellular ATP level. Time-dependent accumulation of G-Luc+KDEL in the medium increased the sensitivity of our assay above those of existing tests. Our findings demonstrate that strong and stable luminescence of G-Luc+KDEL in human hepatocyte-like cells, which have high levels of metabolic activity, make it suitable for use in a high-throughput screening system for monitoring time-dependent cytotoxicity in a limited number of cells.
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Chong KY, Hsu CJ, Hung TH, Hu HS, Huang TT, Wang TH, Wang C, Chen CM, Choo KB, Tseng CP. Wnt pathway activation and ABCB1 expression account for attenuation of proteasome inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:149-59. [PMID: 25590413 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.987093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to attenuating the effectiveness of chemotherapy to many human malignancies. Proteasome inhibition induces apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells and is recognized as a novel anticancer therapy approach. Despite its success, some multiple myeloma patients are resistant or become refractory to ongoing treatment by bortezomib suggesting that chemoresistant cancer cells may have developed a novel mechanism directed against the proteasome inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate potential mechanism(s) of attenuation in a MDR cell line, MES-SA/Dx5. We found that compared to the parental human uterus sarcoma cell line MES-SA cells, MES-SA/Dx5 cells highly expressed the ABCB1 was more resistant to MG132 and bortezomib, escaping the proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis pathway. The resistance was reversed by co-treatment of MG132 and the ABCB1 inhibitor verapamil. The data indicated that ABCB1 might play a role in the efflux of MG132 from the MES-SA/Dx5 cells to reduce MG132-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the canonical Wnt pathway was found activated only in the MES-SA/Dx5 cells through active β-catenin and related transactivation activities. Western blot analysis demonstrated that Wnt-targeting genes, including c-Myc and cyclin D1, were upregulated and were relevant in inhibiting the expression of p21 in MES-SA/Dx5 cells. On the other hand, MES-SA cells expressed high levels of p21 and downregulated cyclin D1 and caused cell cycle arrest. Together, our study demonstrated the existence and participation of ABCB1 and the Wnt pathway in an MDR cell line that attenuated proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowit Yu Chong
- a Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science; College of Medicine ; Chang Gung University ; Tao-Yuan , Taiwan , Republic of China
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17
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Lawson AP, Long MJC, Coffey RT, Qian Y, Weerapana E, El Oualid F, Hedstrom L. Naturally Occurring Isothiocyanates Exert Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting Deubiquitinating Enzymes. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5130-5142. [PMID: 26542215 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer properties of cruciferous vegetables are well known and attributed to an abundance of isothiocyanates such as benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC). While many potential targets of isothiocyanates have been proposed, a full understanding of the mechanisms underlying their anticancer activity has remained elusive. Here we report that BITC and PEITC effectively inhibit deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB), including the enzymes USP9x and UCH37, which are associated with tumorigenesis, at physiologically relevant concentrations and time scales. USP9x protects the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 from degradation, and cells dependent on Mcl-1 were especially sensitive to BITC and PEITC. These isothiocyanates increased Mcl-1 ubiquitination and either isothiocyanate treatment, or RNAi-mediated silencing of USP9x decreased Mcl-1 levels, consistent with the notion that USP9x is a primary target of isothiocyanate activity. These isothiocyanates also increased ubiquitination of the oncogenic fusion protein Bcr-Abl, resulting in degradation under low isothiocyanate concentrations and aggregation under high isothiocyanate concentrations. USP9x inhibition paralleled the decrease in Bcr-Abl levels induced by isothiocyanate treatment, and USP9x silencing was sufficient to decrease Bcr-Abl levels, further suggesting that Bcr-Abl is a USP9x substrate. Overall, our findings suggest that USP9x targeting is critical to the mechanism underpinning the well-established anticancer activity of isothiocyanate. We propose that the isothiocyanate-induced inhibition of DUBs may also explain how isothiocyanates affect inflammatory and DNA repair processes, thus offering a unifying theme in understanding the function and useful application of isothiocyanates to treat cancer as well as a variety of other pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann P Lawson
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, MS009, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453-9110 USA
| | - Marcus J C Long
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Biophysics, Brandeis University, MS009, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453-9110 USA
| | - Rory T Coffey
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, MS009, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453-9110 USA.,Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Brandeis University, MS008, 415 South St., Waltham MA 02453-9110
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860 USA
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467-3860 USA
| | | | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, MS009, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453-9110 USA.,Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453-9110 USA
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18
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The notch signaling regulates CD105 expression, osteogenic differentiation and immunomodulation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118168. [PMID: 25692676 PMCID: PMC4334899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of multipotent cells with key properties of multi-lineage differentiation, expressing a set of relatively specific surface markers and unique immunomodulatory functions. IDO1, a catabolic enzyme of tryptophan, represents a critical molecule mediating immunomodulatory functions of MSCs. However, the signaling pathways involved in regulating these key properties still remain elusive. To investigate the involvement of Notch signaling as well as other potential signaling pathway(s) in regulating these critical properties of MSCs, we treated human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) with γ-secreatase inhibitor I (GSI-I), which inhibits both Notch signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome activities. It was shown that the GSI-I treatment resulted in apoptosis, reduced expression of surface markers CD73, CD90 and CD105, reduced osteogenic differentiation, and reduction of the hUC-MSCs-mediated suppression of Th1 lymphocyte proliferation and the IFN-γ-induced IDO1 expression. Through distinguishing the effects of GSI-I between Notch inhibition and proteasome inhibition, it was further observed that, whereas both Notch inhibition and proteasome inhibition were attributable to the reduced CD105 expression and osteogenic differentiation, but not to the induced apoptosis. However, Notch inhibition, but not proteasome inhibition, only contributed to the significant effect of GSI-I on Th1 proliferation probably through reducing IDO1 promoter activity. In conclusion, the Notch signaling may represent a very important cell signaling capable of regulating multiple critical properties, especially the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs.
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19
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Feligioni M, Marcelli S, Knock E, Nadeem U, Arancio O, E. Fraser P. SUMO modulation of protein aggregation and degradation. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2015.4.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Salemi LM, Almawi AW, Lefebvre KJ, Schild-Poulter C. Aggresome formation is regulated by RanBPM through an interaction with HDAC6. Biol Open 2014; 3:418-30. [PMID: 24795145 PMCID: PMC4058076 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20147021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In conditions of proteasomal impairment, the build-up of damaged or misfolded proteins activates a cellular response leading to the recruitment of damaged proteins into perinuclear aggregates called aggresomes. Aggresome formation involves the retrograde transport of cargo proteins along the microtubule network and is dependent on the histone deacetylase HDAC6. Here we show that ionizing radiation (IR) promotes Ran-Binding Protein M (RanBPM) relocalization into discrete perinuclear foci where it co-localizes with aggresome components ubiquitin, dynein and HDAC6, suggesting that the RanBPM perinuclear clusters correspond to aggresomes. RanBPM was also recruited to aggresomes following treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 and the DNA-damaging agent etoposide. Strikingly, aggresome formation by HDAC6 was markedly impaired in RanBPM shRNA cells, but was restored by re-expression of RanBPM. RanBPM was found to interact with HDAC6 and to inhibit its deacetylase activity. This interaction was abrogated by a RanBPM deletion of its LisH/CTLH domain, which also prevented aggresome formation, suggesting that RanBPM promotes aggresome formation through an association with HDAC6. Our results suggest that RanBPM regulates HDAC6 activity and is a central regulator of aggresome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa M Salemi
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Ahmad W Almawi
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Karen J Lefebvre
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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21
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Cabello J, Sämann J, Gómez-Orte E, Erazo T, Coppa A, Pujol A, Büssing I, Schulze B, Lizcano JM, Ferrer I, Baumeister R, Dalfo E. PDR-1/hParkin negatively regulates the phagocytosis of apoptotic cell corpses in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1120. [PMID: 24625979 PMCID: PMC3973248 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is an integral part of cell turnover in many tissues, and proper corpse clearance is vital to maintaining tissue homeostasis in all multicellular organisms. Even in tissues with high cellular turnover, apoptotic cells are rarely seen because of efficient clearance mechanisms in healthy individuals. In Caenorhabditis elegans, two parallel and partly redundant conserved pathways act in cell corpse engulfment. The pathway for cytoskeletal rearrangement requires the small GTPase CED-10 Rac1 acting for an efficient surround of the dead cell. The CED-10 Rac pathway is also required for the proper migration of the distal tip cells (DTCs) during the development of the C. elegans gonad. Parkin, the mammalian homolog of the C. elegans PDR-1, interacts with Rac1 in aged human brain and it is also implicated with actin dynamics and cytoskeletal rearrangements in Parkinsons's disease, suggesting that it might act on engulfment. Our genetic and biochemical studies indicate that PDR-1 inhibits apoptotic cell engulfment and DTC migration by ubiquitylating CED-10 for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cabello
- CIBIR (Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja), C/Piqueras 98, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - J Sämann
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - E Gómez-Orte
- CIBIR (Centre for Biomedical Research of La Rioja), C/Piqueras 98, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - T Erazo
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - A Coppa
- Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - A Pujol
- 1] Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain [2] ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis avançats), Barcelona, Spain [3] Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain [4] CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras), C/ Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, Valencia 46010, Spain
| | - I Büssing
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - B Schulze
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - J M Lizcano
- Institut de Neurociències, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - I Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain
| | - R Baumeister
- 1] Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany [2] Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (bioss), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany [3] FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Section Life Sciences (LIFENET), University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - E Dalfo
- 1] Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics (Faculty of Biology), Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), Schänzlestrasse 1, Freiburg 79104, Germany [2] Neurometabolic Diseases Laboratory, Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain [3] Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitall Bellvitge - University of Barcelona - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Ciberned, Spain [4] CIBERER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Enfermedades Raras), C/ Álvaro de Bazán, 10 Bajo, Valencia 46010, Spain
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22
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The role of key genes and pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of Malignant Mesothelioma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:232-47. [PMID: 24491449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive cancer with low survival rates and often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several players have been implicated in the development of this cancer, such as asbestos, erionite and the simian virus 40 (SV40). Here, we have reviewed the involvement of erionite, SV40, as well as, the role of several genes (p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), NF2, LATS2, SAV, CTNNB1 and among others), the pathways (RAS, PI3K, Wnt, BCL and Hippo), and their respective roles in the development of MM.
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23
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Yuan BZ, Chapman J, Ding M, Wang J, Jiang B, Rojanasakul Y, Reynolds SH. TRAIL and proteasome inhibitors combination induces a robust apoptosis in human malignant pleural mesothelioma cells through Mcl-1 and Akt protein cleavages. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:140. [PMID: 23517112 PMCID: PMC3665596 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy closely associated with asbestos exposure and extremely resistant to current treatments. It exhibits a steady increase in incidence, thus necessitating an urgent development of effective new treatments. METHODS Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) and TNFα-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), have emerged as promising new anti-MPM agents. To develop effective new treatments, the proapoptotic effects of PIs, MG132 or Bortezomib, and TRAIL were investigated in MPM cell lines NCI-H2052, NCI-H2452 and NCI-H28, which represent three major histological types of human MPM. RESULTS Treatment with 0.5-1 μM MG132 alone or 30 ng/mL Bortezomib alone induced a limited apoptosis in MPM cells associated with the elevated Mcl-1 protein level and hyperactive PI3K/Akt signaling. However, whereas 10-20 ng/ml TRAIL alone induced a limited apoptosis as well, TRAIL and PI combination triggered a robust apoptosis in all three MPM cell lines. The robust proapoptotic activity was found to be the consequence of a positive feedback mechanism-governed amplification of caspase activation and cleavage of both Mcl-1 and Akt proteins, and exhibited a relative selectivity in MPM cells than in non-tumorigenic Met-5A mesothelial cells. CONCLUSION The combinatorial treatment using TRAIL and PI may represent an effective new treatment for MPMs.
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Cavaliere V, Papademetrio DL, Lombardo T, Costantino SN, Blanco GA, Alvarez EMC. Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester and MG132, two novel nonconventional chemotherapeutic agents, induce apoptosis of human leukemic cells by disrupting mitochondrial function. Target Oncol 2013; 9:25-42. [PMID: 23430344 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-013-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to modulate balance between cell survival and death is recognized for its great therapeutic potential. Therefore, research continues to focus on elucidation of cell machinery and signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and apoptosis. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents often have a cytostatic effect over tumor cells. New natural or synthetic chemotherapeutic agents have a wider spectrum of interesting antitumor activities that merit in-depth studies. In the present work, we aimed at characterizing the molecular mechanism leading to induction of cell death upon treatment of the lymphoblastoid cell line PL104 with caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE), MG132 and two conventional chemotherapeutic agents, doxorubicine (DOX) and vincristine (VCR). Our results showed several apoptotic hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, nuclear fragmentation, and increase sub-G1 DNA content after all treatments. In addition, all four drugs downregulated survivin expression. CAPE and both chemotherapeutic agents reduced Bcl-2, while only CAPE and MG132 significantly increased Bax level. CAPE and VCR treatment induced the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆ψm). All compounds induced cytochrome c release from mitochondrial compartment to cytosol. However, only MG132 caused the translocation of Smac/DIABLO. Except for VCR treatment, all other drugs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production level. All treatments induced activation of caspases 3/7, but only CAPE and MG132 led to the activation of caspase 9. In conclusion, our results indicate that CAPE and MG132 treatment of PL104 cells induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial intrinsic pathway, whereas the apoptotic mechanism induced by DOX and VCR may proceed through the extrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Cavaliere
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Tumoral (LIT), IDEHU-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina,
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25
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Chen HM, Wang PH, Chen SS, Wen CC, Chen YH, Yang WC, Yang NS. Shikonin induces immunogenic cell death in tumor cells and enhances dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1989-2002. [PMID: 22527248 PMCID: PMC11029192 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death is characterized by damage-associated molecular patterns, which can enhance the maturation and antigen uptake of dendritic cells. Shikonin, an anti-inflammatory and antitumor phytochemical, was exploited here as an adjuvant for dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines via induction of immunogenic cell death. Shikonin can effectively activate both receptor- and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and increase the expression of all five tested damage-associated molecular patterns in the resultant tumor cell lysates. The combination treatment with damage-associated molecular patterns and LPS activates dendritic cells to a high maturation status and enhances the priming of Th1/Th17 effector cells. Shikonin-tumor cell lysate-loaded mature dendritic cells exhibit a high level of CD86 and MHC class II and activate Th1 cells. The shikonin-tumor cell lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccines result in a strong induction of cytotoxic activity of splenocytes against target tumor cells, a retardation in tumor growth, and an increase in the survival of test mice. The much enhanced immunogenicity and efficacy of the current cancer vaccine formulation, that is, the use of shikonin-treated tumor cells as cell lysates for the pulse of dendritic cells in culture, may suggest a new ex vivo approach for developing individualized, dendritic cells-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pi-Hsueh Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Swey-Shen Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Allergy and Vaccinology, IGE Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92131 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92037 USA
| | - Chih-Chun Wen
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ning-Sun Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Academia Sinica Rd. Sec. 2, Nankang District, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Jean D, Daubriac J, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Galateau-Salle F, Jaurand MC. Molecular changes in mesothelioma with an impact on prognosis and treatment. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:277-93. [PMID: 22372904 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0215-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent decades, research on malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has been developed to improve patients' outcomes by increasing the level of confidence in MPM diagnosis and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To summarize data on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM that may be of interest for a better management of patients with MPM. DATA SOURCES Data were obtained from scientific publications on genetic and epigenetic abnormalities in MPM by studying gene mutations, DNA methylation, and gene and microRNA expression profiling. CONCLUSIONS Molecular changes in MPM consist in altered expression and in activation or inactivation of critical genes in oncogenesis, especially tumor suppressor genes at the INK4 and NF2 loci. Activation of membrane receptor tyrosine kinases and deregulation of signaling pathways related to differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle control, metabolism, migration, and invasion have been demonstrated. Alterations that could be targeted at a global level (methylation) have been recently reported. Experimental research has succeeded especially in abolishing proliferation and triggering apoptosis in MPM cells. So far, targeted clinical approaches focusing on receptor tyrosine kinases have had limited success. Molecular analyses of series of MPM cases have shown that defined alterations are present in MPM subsets, consistent with interindividual variations of molecular alterations, and suggesting that identification of patient subgroups will be essential to develop more specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jean
- INSERM, U, Université Paris Descartes, UMR-S, Paris, France
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Small interfering RNA targeting mcl-1 enhances proteasome inhibitor-induced apoptosis in various solid malignant tumors. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:485. [PMID: 22078414 PMCID: PMC3226681 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a promising approach for anticancer strategies. Recently, we found Bik accumulation in cancer cell lines after they were treated with bortezomib. However, recent evidence indicates that proteasome inhibitors may also induce the accumulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. The current study was designed to analyze the levels of several anti-apoptotic members of Bcl-2 family in different human cancer cell lines after they were treated with proteasome inhibitors. Methods Different human cancer cell lines were treated with proteasome inhibitors. Western blot were used to investigate the expression of Mcl-1 and activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling. Cell viability was investigated using SRB assay, and induction of apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry. Results We found elevated Mcl-1 level in human colon cancer cell lines DLD1, LOVO, SW620, and HCT116; human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3; and human lung cancer cell line H1299, but not in human breast cancer cell line MCF7 after they were treated with bortezomib. This dramatic Mcl-1 accumulation was also observed when cells were treated with other two proteasome inhibitors, MG132 and calpain inhibitor I (ALLN). Moreover, our results showed Mcl-1 accumulation was caused by stabilization of the protein against degradation. Reducing Mcl-1 accumulation by Mcl-1 siRNA reduced Mcl-1 accumulation and enhanced proteasome inhibitor-induced cell death and apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Conclusions Our results showed that it was not only Bik but also Mcl-1 accumulation during the treatment of proteasome inhibitors, and combining proteasome inhibitors with Mcl-1 siRNA would enhance the ultimate anticancer effect suggesting this combination might be a more effective strategy for cancer therapy.
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Tang Q, Guo K, Kang K, Zhang Y, He L, Wang J. Classical swine fever virus NS2 protein promotes interleukin-8 expression and inhibits MG132-induced apoptosis. Virus Genes 2011; 42:355-62. [PMID: 21318239 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) caused by virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a hemorrhagic disease of pigs and is characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia, and immunosuppression. Until now, the role of the NS2 protein produced by CSFV in the pathogenesis of CSF is not well understood. In this report, we investigated the function of CSFV NS2 by examining its effects on the pro-inflammatory CXC chemokine, interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression, and cell survival. Stable swine umbilical vein endothelial cell line (SUVEC) expressing CSFV NS2 were established and showed that CSFV NS2 expressing SUVEC cells express approximately 16-fold higher levels of IL-8 as compared to control vector GFP-expressing cells, GFP-E2 expressing cells, and untransfected cells. Further studies showed that CSFV NS2 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and activated the nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB), which is responsible for the up-regulation of IL-8 and the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2, expression. In addition, the GFPNS2-expressing SUVEC cells were resistant to MG132-induced apoptosis. This study suggested that CSFV NS2 plays an important role in the inflammatory response and in persistent CSFV infection. These findings provide novel information on the function of the poorly characterized CSFV NS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
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Oh Y, Kim YM, Mouradian MM, Chung KC. Human Polycomb protein 2 promotes α-synuclein aggregate formation through covalent SUMOylation. Brain Res 2011; 1381:78-89. [PMID: 21256122 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests from the impairment of motor systems due to the specific loss of dopaminergic neurons and the appearance of intracellular filamentous inclusions called Lewy bodies (LBs). α-Synuclein, a major component of LBs, is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of PD. Although α-synuclein is known to be a target of diverse posttranslational modifications, the contribution of α-synuclein SUMOylation and its functional consequences have not yet been fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate that human Polycomb protein 2 (hPc2) binds to α-synuclein and may function as a SUMO E3 ligase to promote the SUMOylation of α-synuclein. In addition, hPc2 promotes the SUMOylation of α-synuclein in the presence of MG-132-induced proteasome inhibition, which consequently promotes α-synuclein aggregate formation. Furthermore, the increased formation of intracellular α-synuclein aggregates, which predominantly contain SUMOylated α-synuclein, significantly reduces the death of fibroblast cells in response to staurosporine. In summary, the results from this study demonstrate that the hPc2-induced SUMOylation of α-synuclein could function as a cytoprotector by increasing α-synuclein aggregate formation within fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Oh
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean A Fennell
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Jeong YM, Li H, Kim SY, Yun HY, Baek KJ, Kwon NS, Kim DS. Imidazole inhibits B16 melanoma cell migration via degradation of β-catenin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:491-6. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.04.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chen B, Ma Y, Meng R, Xiong Z, Zhang C, Chen G, Zhang A, Dong Y. MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, attenuates pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats by modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signals. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2010; 42:253-8. [PMID: 20383463 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmq012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are involved in cell cycle control, growth and inflammatory signaling, and transcriptional regulation of mitotic cells. A recent study has suggested that specific proteasome inhibitor MG132 may suppress cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term MG132 treatment on cardiac hypertrophy and the related molecular mechanisms in vivo. MG132 (0.1 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected to rats with abdominal aortic banding (AAB) for 8 weeks. Results showed that treatment with MG132 significantly attenuated left ventricular (LV) myocyte area, LV weight/body weight, and lung weight/body weight ratios, decreased LV diastolic diameter and wall thickness, and increased fractional shortening in AAB rats. AAB induced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK1, and p38 in cardiac myocytes. The elevated phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 in AAB rats were significantly reversed by MG132 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggested that long-term treatment with MG132 attenuates pressureoverload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac function in AAB rats through regulation of ERK1/2 and JNK1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Targeted proteasome inhibition by Velcade induces apoptosis in human mesothelioma and breast cancer cell lines. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 66:455-66. [PMID: 19960346 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thoracic malignancies and human breast cancer (HBC) continue to be aggressive solid tumors that are poor responders to the existing conventional standard chemotherapeutic approaches. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an asbestos-related tumor of the thoracic pleura that lacks effective treatment options. Altered ubiquitin proteasome pathway is frequently encountered in many malignancies including HBC and MPM and thus serves as an important target for therapeutic intervention strategies. Although proteasome inhibitor Velcade (Bortezomib) has been under clinical investigation for a number of cancers, limited preclinical studies with this agent have thus far been conducted in HBC and MPM malignancies. PURPOSE To study the biological and molecular responses of MPM and HBC cells to Velcade treatments, and to identify mechanisms involved in transducing growth inhibitory effects of this agent. METHODS Flow-cytometric analyses coupled with western immunoblotting and gene-array methodologies were utilized to determine mechanisms of Velcade-dependent growth suppression of five MPM (H2595, H2373, H2452, H2461, and H2714) and two breast cancer (MDA MB-468, SKBR-3) cell lines. RESULTS Our data revealed significant reduction in cell growth properties that were dose and time dependent. Velcade treatment resulted in G2M phase arrest, increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Pretreatment of mesothelioma cells with Velcade showed synergistic effect with cisplatin combination regimens. High-throughput gene expression profiling among Velcade treated and untreated mesothelioma cell lines resulted in identification of novel transducers of apoptosis such as CARP-1, XAF1, and Troy proteins. CONCLUSIONS Velcade targets cell cycle and apoptosis signaling to suppress MPM and HBC growth in part by activating novel transducers of apoptosis. This pilot study has paved way for further in-depth analysis of the downstream target molecules associated with presensitization of mesothelioma cells in finding effective therapeutic treatment options for both mesothelioma and recalcitrant breast cancers.
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Proteasome inhibitors induce apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through a positive feedback mechanism and the subsequent Mcl-1 protein cleavage. Oncogene 2009; 28:3775-86. [PMID: 19684616 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) are promising new therapeutic agents for treating non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). To investigate the mechanisms of action of PIs, we analyzed the proapoptotic activities of PIs (MG132 or Bortezomib) in NSCLC cells. We found that both MG132 (>1 microM) and Bortezomib (>0.025 microM) induced a significant apoptosis in NCI-H1703, a PI-sensitive NSCLC cell line, through initially activating the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, leading to the activation of a positive feedback mechanism (PFM), which then conveyed apoptosis signaling from the intrinsic pathway to the extrinsic pathway with formation of a signaling loop for maximal caspase activation. Mcl-1 and Noxa were identified to be the major anti-apoptotic and proapoptotic proteins, respectively, in PI-induced apoptosis and mutually exclusive in protein stability. Although the Mcl-1 protein was upregulated by proteasome inhibition, it was also subjected to caspase 3-dependent cleavage governed by the PFM. Moreover, it was revealed that Mcl-1 protein cleavage contributed to PFM-governed apoptosis in following inter-related ways: reducing the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1; generating the truncated proapoptotic Mcl-1(S); and inducing a shift of balance between Mcl-1 and Noxa. It was further manifested that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand boosted MG132's proapoptotic activity through strengthening the PFM in both NCI-H1703 and NCI-H358, a PI-resistant NSCLC cell line. Therefore, this study provides a basis for enhancing the efficacy of PIs in treating NSCLC.
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Menges CW, Altomare DA, Testa JR. FAS-associated factor 1 (FAF1): diverse functions and implications for oncogenesis. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:2528-34. [PMID: 19597341 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.16.9280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
FAS-associated factor 1, FAF1, is an evolutionarily conserved protein that has several protein interaction domains. Although FAF1 was initially identified as a member of the FAS death-inducing signaling complex, subsequent work has revealed that FAF1 functions in diverse biological processes. FAF1 has been shown to play an important role in normal development and neuronal cell survival, whereas FAF1 downregulation may contribute to multiple aspects of tumorigenesis. In particular, there is compelling evidence implicating FAF1 as a tumor suppressor involved in the regulation of apoptosis and NFkappaB activity, as well as in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Here, we highlight FAF1's role in NFkappaB signaling and postulate that this pathway has critical connotations for the pathogenesis and treatment of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Menges
- Human Genetics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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