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Sun J, Bai YK, Fan ZG. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SPARC expression in gastric cancer: A meta‑analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:240. [PMID: 37181948 PMCID: PMC10167410 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a member of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein family that binds to calcium ions. It may bind to a variety of proteins in the extracellular matrix and also compete with cell membrane surface receptors for growth. In the present study, the relationship between SPARC expression in gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer were systematically evaluated. A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed using the PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Kaplan-Meier (KM)-plotter, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Timer databases. SPARC was mainly expressed in tumor mesenchymal cells. The meta-analysis indicated that SPARC expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues than in normal tissues. SPARC was associated with the degree of differentiation and distant metastasis. K-M plotter results indicated that high SPARC expression was negatively associated with overall survival, post-progression survival and progression-free survival rates of patients. According to the Oncomine, GEPIA, UALCAN and HPA databases, SPARC mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in gastric cancer vs. normal tissues and was negatively associated with poor patient prognosis. In the TCGA database, univariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were associated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Cox multifactorial analysis suggested that high SPARC expression, age and distant metastasis were important factors affecting the survival time of patients with gastric cancer. Analysis with the Timer database indicated that SPARC was closely associated with the proportion of 7 immune-cell infiltrates in gastric cancer. These findings indicated that high expression of SPARC may be a potential marker of tumorigenesis and metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Kai Bai
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
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2
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Ma Y, Chen H, Ma H, Yao Z, Hu J, Ma J, Zhang X, Chen G, Liu Y. Prognostic role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine in patients with solid tumors. Saudi Med J 2020; 40:755-765. [PMID: 31423511 PMCID: PMC6718847 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.8.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze the heterogeneous functions of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) from different origins and in different tumor microenvironments with the purpose of determining its clinical significance. Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase databases were utilized. Studies that focused on the effects of SPARC expression on solid tumor progression and clinical implications were used. The different outcomes including overall survival and disease-free survival were analyzed to evaluate their relations with tumor- and stroma-derived SPARC expression. Results: A total of 26 studies including 5,939 patients were enrolled in the present meta-analysis. Tumor-derived SPARC overexpression was significantly related with poor overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.478; 95% CI: 1.143-1.910; p=0.003), and a similar tendency was also observed in disease-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.476; 95% CI: 0.993-2.195; p=0.054). However, the hazard ratios for overall survival and disease-free survival did not present a statistical trend in stromal SPARC overexpression. Tumor type subgroup analysis revealed marked heterogeneity among outcomes. In pancreatic cancer, SPARC overexpression in the stroma was significantly associated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival. In colorectal cancer, SPARC overexpression in the stroma was associated with better disease-free survival. Conclusion: For the majority of solid tumors, SPARC in cancer cells may be an unfavorable indicator for long-term survival for patients. As for stromal expression, SPARC indicates a poorer prognosis in pancreatic cancer, but a better disease-free survival in colorectal cancer. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine might be a potential biomarker for solid tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchen Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China. E-mail.
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3
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Yin SP, Gao Y, Xie XS, Xu DD, Riabov V, Du WD. Accumulation of stabilin-1 positive macrophages in the early stage of gastric cancer is associated with short cumulative survival. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2404-2412. [PMID: 32194740 PMCID: PMC7039161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor stabilin-1 has been reported to be expressed by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and to facilitate tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of breast carcinoma and melanoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, its expression and association with prognosis in human gastric cancer has not been evaluated. The present study investigated the expression of stabilin-1 and its association with clinicopathological parameters in patients with gastric cancer. The expression of stabilin-1 was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of gastric cancer tissue samples of 371 Chinese patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to determine the cellular source of stabilin-1 in the gastric cancer tissues using anti-CD68, anti-CD163, anti-stabilin-1 and anti-secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine antibodies. A higher number of stabilin-1-positive cells were observed in the cancer tissues of primary gastric adenocarcinoma compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues of primary gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.001); the majority of stabilin-1-positve cells were CD68+/CD163+ macrophages. Poorly-differentiated gastric cancer tissue had fewer stabilin-1-positive cells compared with medium- and well-differentiated gastric cancer (P=0.030). A higher number of stabilin-1-positive cells were found in the early Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage (TNM I stage) of primary gastric adenocarcinoma (P=0.038) compared with TNM stage IV. For patients with TNM stage I disease, a higher number of stabilin-1-positive TAMs was associated with shorter cumulative survival (P<0.05). Overall, stabilin-1 was found to be expressed by CD68+ TAMs in human gastric cancer. The high expression of stabilin-1 in TNM stage I disease was associated with poor patient survival, indicating the clinical significance of stabilin-1 in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Ping Yin
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Shi Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230012, P.R. China
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wei-Dong Du
- Department of Pathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, P.R. China
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4
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Suzuki Y, Oshima T, Yoshihara K, Sakamaki K, Aoyama T, Cho H, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Rino Y, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical significance of secreted protein, acidic and cysteine-rich gene expression in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer following curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7335-7343. [PMID: 29725448 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment for stage II/III gastric cancer is surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine anticancer agents, including S-1. The protein, secreted protein, acidic and cysteine-rich (SPARC), promotes angiogenesis, and the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. The present study evaluated the significance of expression of the SPARC gene in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who had undergone surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. In the present study, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed in order to quantify mRNA expression levels of SPARC in cancer tissues and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 134 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who had undergone surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. The mRNA expression level of SPARC was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in adjacent normal mucosa (P=0.0012). Additionally, the 5-year overall survival rate was significantly poorer in patients with high SPARC gene expression than in those with low expression (P<0.0001). Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that high SPARC mRNA expression was a significant predictor of poorer survival in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who had undergone surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 (HR, 5.347; P<0.0001). Therefore, high expression of the SPARC gene may be a useful predictor of outcomes in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer, who have received treatment involving surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazue Yoshihara
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 234-0054, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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5
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Li Z, Li AD, Xu L, Bai DW, Hou KZ, Zheng HC, Qu XJ, Liu YP. SPARC expression in gastric cancer predicts poor prognosis: Results from a clinical cohort, pooled analysis and GSEA assay. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70211-70222. [PMID: 28053291 PMCID: PMC5342547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) in gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. We investigated the clinical significance, the survival relevance, and potential function of SPARC in GC with resected samples, online gene set GSE62254, and cell line SGC7901. Results High immunostaining of SPARC significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.004), and independently predicted shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.446, P = 0.022), based on the current IHC evaluation. The accuracy of the results was further validated with 1000 times bootstrapping and the time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The meta-analysis (pooled HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01−2.53) confirmed SPARC as the predictor for reduced OS in GC. Moreover, the association between enhanced SPARC expression and Adriamycin (Adr) sensitivity was revealed by GSEA, and then confirmed by comparative cellular experiments, such as the protein level analysis of SGC7901and SGC7901/Adr cell line. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect SPARC expression in 137 GC cases. Meta-analysis was performed based on 5 studies published in English on PubMed up to March 2016. GSEA was performed using online data set GSE62254 and GC-related functional gene sets derived from molecular signatures database (MSigDB). Western Blot was carried out to compare protein-level differences between gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cell line and Adr resistant SGC7901/Adr cell line. MTT assay was done to confirm the induction of SPARC on Adr sensitivity Conclusions Increased SPARC expression in GC led to a worse clinical outcome of patients and might induce Adr sensitivity of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Ao-Di Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - De-Wei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Cell Biological Treatment Ward, Dalian Centre Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
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Nakajima M, Yoshino S, Kanekiyo S, Maeda N, Sakamoto K, Tsunedomi R, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Yamamoto S, Hazama S, Hoshii Y, Oga A, Itoh H, Ueno T, Nagano H. High secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in peritumoral fibroblasts predicts better prognosis in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:803-812. [PMID: 29403557 PMCID: PMC5780739 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that may serve an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPARC status is a prognostic indicator in various cancer types; however, its value remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, the localization and prognostic impact of SPARC expression were evaluated in patients with GC. Immunohistochemical analysis of SPARC expression was performed in 117 surgically resected GC specimens, and the localization of SPARC positive cells, as well as the rassociation between SPARC expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. High SPARC expression was observed in 47 cases; the glycoprotein was localized in the peritumoral fibroblasts, but was rarely observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Heterogeneity of SPARC expression was observed in 52 cases. High stromal SPARC expression was identified to be an independent predictor of more favorable prognosis (overall survival and recurrence free survival) in all patients (P<0.001). On subgroup analysis, this association remained significant in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, but not in patients who did not (P<0.001). Stromal SPARC expression predicts better prognosis in GC patients who underwent curative resection; this appears to be associated with improved response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yoshino
- Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Noriko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hoshii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tan Y, Liu Z. Clinical significance of SPARC in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:184-191. [PMID: 28818666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is matricellular protein that modulates interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. The role of SPARC in carcinogenesis is controversialin that SPARC can be a tumor suppressor, but overexpression of SPARC is associated with poorer prognosis. METHODS We collected 145 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues in Shantou, a high incidence region for esophageal cancer. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SPARC in cancer tissue and in adjacent normal mucosa were measured by qRT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of SPARCwere5.78-fold higher in cancer tissues compared with the case-matched normal epithelium. High expression levels of SPARC in ESCC parenchyma, as detected by IHC, were related to lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis (p = 0.049 and p = 0.04). CONCLUSION High expression of SPARC in the parenchyma may be a potential predictor of prognosis, suggesting SPARC could serve as a therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Tan
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhaoyong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No.57 Changping Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.
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The relationship between stromal cell derived SPARC in human gastric cancer tissue and its clinicopathologic significance. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86240-86252. [PMID: 29156791 PMCID: PMC5689681 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the cellular source of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in gastric cancer tissues and the relationship between SPARC expression and its prognostic significance. Methods The expression of SPARC in 365 primary advanced gastric adenocarcinomas and 39 non-cancerous tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Double-immunofluorescence staining was used to reveal the cellular source of SPARC in tumor tissues. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were applied for verifying the endogenous expression of SPARC in human cell lines of gastric cancer and fibroblast. Results Higher positivity of SPARC was observed in gastric cancer tissues than non-cancerous gastric tissues (P=0.000). The positivity of SPARC was related to age (P=0.032), tumor location (P=0.018), depth of tumor invasion (P=0.011), nodal metastasis (P=0.023), TNM stage (P=0.034), the differentiation degree (P=0.006) and pathological type (P=0.002) of gastric cancer. SPARC in gastric cancer tissues was mainly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts. SPARC also appeared in neovascular endothelial cells and a few tumor-associated macrophages. The endogenous expression of SPARC in fibroblasts was suppressed by mucus-producing gastric adenocarcinoma cells(MKN-45). Increased SPARC expression in gastric cancer tissue was suggestive of a shorter cumulative survival in the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, though this difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion SPARC in human gastric cancer tissue was derived from the stromal cells and was mainly produced by cancer-associated fibroblasts. Production of SPARC in fibroblasts was reduced by the mucus-producing gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
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Impact of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) Expression on Prognosis After Surgical Resection for Biliary Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:990-999. [PMID: 28342122 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-017-3407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein that influences chemotherapy effectiveness and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SPARC expression correlates with the postoperative survival of patients treated with surgical resection for biliary carcinoma. METHODS SPARC expression in resected biliary carcinoma specimens was investigated immunohistochemically in 175 patients. The relationship between SPARC expression and prognosis after surgery was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS High SPARC expression in peritumoral stroma was found in 61 (35%) patients. In all patients, stromal SPARC expression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that high stromal SPARC expression was an independent risk factor for poor OS (HR 1.81, P = 0.006). Moreover, high stromal SPARC expression was independently associated with poor prognosis in a subset of 118 patients treated with gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 2.04, P = 0.010) but not in the 57 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Stromal SPARC expression correlated with the prognosis of patients with resectable biliary carcinoma, and its significance was enhanced in patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.
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10
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The relationship between SPARC expression in primary tumor and metastatic lymph node of resected pancreatic cancer patients and patients' survival. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017; 16:104-109. [PMID: 28119265 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(16)60168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous researches in pancreatic cancer demonstrated a negative correlation between secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression in primary tumor and survival, but not for SPARC expression in lymph node. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the SPARC expression in various types of tissues and its impact on patients' prognosis. METHODS The expression of SPARC was examined by immunohistochemistry in resected pancreatic cancer specimens. Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression were applied to assess the mortality risk. RESULTS A total of 222 tissue samples from 73 patients were collected to evaluate the SPARC expression, which included 73 paired primary tumor and adjacent normal tissues, 38 paired metastatic and normal lymph nodes. The proportion of positive SPARC expression in metastatic lymph node was high (32/38), whereas in normal lymph node it was negative (0/38). Positive SPARC expression in primary tumor cells was associated with a significantly decreased overall survival (P=0.007) and disease-free survival (P=0.003), whereas in other types of tissues it did not show a predictive role for prognosis. Univariate and multivariate analyses both confirmed this significance. CONCLUSION SPARC can serve a dual function role as both predictor for prognosis and potentially biomarker for lymph node metastasis in resected pancreatic cancer patients.
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Min L, Zhao Y, Zhu S, Qiu X, Cheng R, Xing J, Shao L, Guo S, Zhang S. Integrated Analysis Identifies Molecular Signatures and Specific Prognostic Factors for Different Gastric Cancer Subtypes. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:99-107. [PMID: 28013168 PMCID: PMC5198736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. As an effective and easily performed method, microscopy-based Lauren classification has been widely accepted by gastrointestinal surgeons and pathologists for GC subtyping, but molecular characteristics of different Lauren subtypes were poorly revealed. METHODS GSE62254 was used as a derivation cohort, and GSE15459 was used as a validation cohort. The difference between diffuse and intestinal GC on the gene expression level was measured. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed for both subgroups. Hierarchical clustering and heatmap exhibition were also performed. Kaplan-Meier plot and Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate survival grouped by the given genes or hierarchical clusters. RESULTS A total of 4598 genes were found differentially expressed between diffuse and intestinal GC. Immunity- and cell adhesion-related GOs were enriched for diffuse GC, whereas DNA repair- and cell cycle-related GOs were enriched for intestinal GC. We proposed a 40-gene signature (χ2=30.71, P<.001) that exhibits better discrimination for prognosis than Lauren classification (χ2=12.11, P=.002). FRZB [RR (95% CI)=1.824 (1.115-2.986), P=.017] and EFEMP1 [RR (95% CI)=1.537 (0.969-2.437), P=.067] were identified as independent prognostic factors only in diffuse GC but not in intestinal GC patients. KRT23 [RR (95% CI)=1.616 (0.938-2.785), P=.083] was identified as an independent prognostic factor only in intestinal GC patients but not in diffuse GC patients. Similar results were achieved in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION We found that GCs with different Lauren classifications had different molecular characteristics and identified FRZB, EFEMP1, and KRT23 as subtype-specific prognostic factors for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jie Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shuilong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Disease, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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Gao YY, Han RB, Wang X, Ge SH, Li HL, Deng T, Liu R, Bai M, Zhou LK, Zhang XY, Ba Y, Huang DZ. Change of SPARC expression after chemotherapy in gastric cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2015; 12:33-40. [PMID: 25859409 PMCID: PMC4383841 DOI: 10.7497/j.issn.2095-3941.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The expression of tumor biomarkers may change after chemotherapy. However, whether secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression changes after chemotherapy in gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. This study investigated the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression in GC. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze SPARC expression in 132 GC cases (including 54 cases with preoperative chemotherapy and 78 cases without preoperative chemotherapy). SPARC expression of postoperative specimens with and without preoperative chemotherapy was assessed to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on SPARC expression. Results SPARC was highly expressed in GC compared with the desmoplastic stroma surrounding tumor cells and noncancerous tissues. High SPARC expression was correlated with invasion depth, lymph node, and TNM stage. After chemotherapy, a lower proportion of high SPARC expression was observed in patients with preoperative chemotherapy than in the controls. For 54 patients with preoperative chemotherapy, gross type, histology, depth of invasion, lymph node, TNM stage, and SPARC expression were related to overall survival. Further multivariate analysis showed that lymph node, histology, and SPARC expression after chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion SPARC expression may change after chemotherapy in GC. SPARC expression should be reassessed for patients with GC after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Yin Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ru-Bing Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shao-Hua Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Hong-Li Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ting Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Li-Kun Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yi Ba
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Ding-Zhi Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, China
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13
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Aberrant methylation of the SPARC gene promoter and its clinical implication in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7035. [PMID: 25516351 PMCID: PMC4268651 DOI: 10.1038/srep07035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene has been shown to be epigenetically silenced in several cancers. We investigated the loss of expression and promoter methylation of this tumor suppressor gene in gastric cancers and correlated the data with clinicopathological features. We observed the loss of SPARC mRNA and SPARC protein expression in 7 of 10 (70%) gastric cancer cell lines. Upon treatment of expression-negative cell lines with a demethylating agent, expression of mRNA and protein was restored in all cells. Methylation rate of SPARC gene was 80% in ten gastric cancer cell lines and 74% (163 of 220) in primary tumors, while it was 5% in normal gastric mucosa (n = 40). In intestinal gastric cancer, SPARC methylation correlated with a negative prognosis (P < 0.001; relative risk 2.754, 95% confidence interval 1.780–4.261). Immunostaining revealed that SPARC protein was overexpressed in stromal fibroblasts adjacent to neoplastic epithelium but rarely expressed in the primary gastric cancer cells. These results implicate SPARC promoter methylation as an important factor in the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinomas and provide new insights into the potential use of SPARC as a novel biomarker and the potential clinical importance in human gastric cancers.
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Wang Z, Hao B, Yang Y, Wang R, Li Y, Wu Q. Prognostic role of SPARC expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:863-9. [PMID: 25395936 PMCID: PMC4223132 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.46207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and tissue remodeling. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between SPARC expression and the clinicopathologic features and outcomes of gastric cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Publications that assessed the clinical or prognostic significance of SPARC in gastric cancer up to October 2013 were identified. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between SPARC expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Ten studies, including 1417 cases, met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed and the results show that SPARC is not significantly associated with the depth of gastric cancer invasion (odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.60-2.29, Z = 0.47, p = 0.64) or tumor differentiation (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.22-1.58, Z = 1.06, p = 0.29). Moreover, SPARC was not significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.37-1.41, Z = 0.96, p = 0.34). However, SPARC overexpression was highly correlated with reduced overall survival (relative risk (RR) = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.52-2.09, Z = 7.10, p = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS The SPARC may play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer, and SPARC overexpression is closely correlated with poor patient survival. The SPARC is a potential clinical marker for the survival of gastric cancer patients; however, well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Mao Z, Ma X, Fan X, Cui L, Zhu T, Qu J, Zhang J, Wang X. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells with G1 arrest induction. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10185-93. [PMID: 25027401 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) expression has been reported to play an important role in the tumor development. However, the pattern and the role of SPARC in pancreatic cancer remain largely unknown. Therefore, we further deciphered the role of SPARC played in pancreatic cancer. We first evaluated the SPARC expression in human pancreatic cancer tissues and pancreatic cancer cells. Then we forced expression and silenced SPARC expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines MIA PaCa2 and PANC-1, respectively, using lentivirus vectors. We characterized the stable cells in vitro. In this study, we found that SPARC expression was weak in cancer cells in specimens which negatively correlated with the expression level of phosphorylated pRB and poorer outcome. Moreover, our results demonstrated that SPARC negatively regulated pancreatic cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, we disclosed that the activation of p53 and p27(Kip1) may involve in the effect of SPARC on pancreatic cancer cells. SPARC is downregulated in pancreatic cancer cells and retards the growth of pancreatic cancer cell. Taken together, these results indicate SPARC may be a potential target for pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfa Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang J, Wang P, Zhu J, Wang W, Yin J, Zhang C, Chen Z, Sun L, Wan Y, Wang X, Chen G, Liu Y. SPARC expression is negatively correlated with clinicopathological factors of gastric cancer and inhibits malignancy of gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2312-20. [PMID: 24676680 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a glycoprotein which plays multiple roles in different types of cancer. Our previous study showed that SPARC overexpression inhibited the growth and angiogenesis of tumors, and reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the relationship between SPARC expression and clinicopathological factors of gastric cancer (GC) is controversial, and the role of SPARC in GC remains unclear. We evaluated expression of SPARC in 65 human GC tissues using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The results indicated that SPARC expression was negatively correlated with clinicopathological factors of GC. In vitro assay showed that SPARC overexpression decreased proliferation and clonogenicity by suppressing CD44 expression. In addition, SPARC overexpression inhibited VEGF induced proliferation and arrested cell cycle of GC cells by reducing the activation of VEGFR2, ERK1/2 and AKT signaling pathways. SPARC suppressed the invasion and migration of GC by reducing MMP-7, MMP-9, N-cadherin, Sp1 and p-ERK1/2 expression. In the in vivo assay, cancer metastasis mouse models were established by tail vein injection. The results revealed that the lung metastases of SPARC-overexpressing GC cells in the mice were much fewer than those of control cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Pengyuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lie Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlian Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
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Gupta N, Hatoum H, Dy GK. First line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer - specific focus on albumin bound paclitaxel. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 9:209-21. [PMID: 24399877 PMCID: PMC3875520 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s41770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide in both men and women. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for more than 80% of cases. Paclitaxel has a broad spectrum of activity against various malignancies, including NSCLC. Paclitaxel is poorly soluble in water and thus, until recently, its commercially available preparations contained a non-ionic solvent Cremophor EL®. Cremophor EL® improves the solubility of paclitaxel and allows its intravenous administration. However, certain side-effects associated with paclitaxel, such as hypersensitivity reactions, myelosuppression, and peripheral neuropathy, are known to be worsened by Cremophor®. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel ([nab-paclitaxel] ABRAXANE® ABI-007) is a new generation formulation of paclitaxel that obviates the need for Cremophor®, resulting in a safer and faster infusion without requiring the use of premedications to avoid hypersensitivity. Albumin-binding receptor-mediated delivery and lack of sequestering Cremophor® micelles allow higher intratumoral concentration of pharmacologically active paclitaxel. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated a superior tolerability profile of nab-paclitaxel in comparison to solvent-bound paclitaxel (sb-paclitaxel). A recent Phase III trial compared the effects of weekly nab-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin versus sb-paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin given every 3 weeks for first line treatment of NSCLC. This trial highlights the weekly nab-paclitaxel combination as an alternate treatment option for NSCLC, with higher response rate in squamous cell NSCLC and longer survival in elderly patients. This review will focus on the properties of nab-paclitaxel and its use in the first line treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hassan Hatoum
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Sato T, Oshima T, Yamamoto N, Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Yukawa N, Numata K, Kunisaki C, Tanaka K, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Akaike M, Rino Y, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical significance of SPARC gene expression in patients with gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:364-8. [PMID: 24018911 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is one of the first known matricellular proteins that modulates interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. Recent studies investigated the clinical significance of SPARC gene expression in the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. The present study examined the relations of the relative expression of the SPARC gene to clinicopathological factors and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We studied surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 227 patients with previously untreated gastric cancer. The relative expression levels of SPARC mRNA in cancer tissue and in adjacent normal mucosa were measured by quantitative real-time, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The relative expression level of the SPARC gene was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High expression levels of the SPARC gene were related to serosal invasion (P = 0.046). Overall survival at 5 years differed significantly between patients with high SPARC gene expression and those with low expression (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of the SPARC gene may be a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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Wang XX, Yang M, Zhang YQ. Progress in understanding role of SPARC protein in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:409-414. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SPARC is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that is highly conservative and shares >70% amino acid sequence homology across all kinds of living organisms. The single-copy gene encoding the SPARC protein is located on human chromosome 5q31.3-q32, consists of 10 exons, and has a full length of 25 900 bp. SPARC protein is mainly expressed in tissue repair-related fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and high expression of SPARC protein has been noted in some aggressive malignant tumors. The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are high in China, and the high mortality is closely related with tumor invasion and metastasis. SPARC protein is abnormally expressed in gastric carcinoma, and there is still controversy over the role of SPARC in gastric carcinoma. In this paper we review recent progress in understanding the role of SPARC protein in gastric cancer.
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Short-term outcomes of albumin-bound paclitaxel (abraxane)-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a report of 14 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-012-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Zhang JL, Chen GW, Liu YC, Wang PY, Wang X, Wan YL, Zhu J, Gao HQ, Yin J, Wang W, Tian ML. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) suppresses angiogenesis by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and MMP-7 in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44618. [PMID: 22957090 PMCID: PMC3434168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a glycoprotein that functions to inhibit angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion in different types of cancer. The ability of SPARC to modulate neovascularisation is believed to be mediated in part by its ability to modulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of SPARC expression in gastric cancer cells on proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Method We evaluated expression of SPARC in seven human gastric cancer cell lines. Then we established a stably transfected SPARC overexpressed cell line (BGC-SP) and a stably transfected SPARC knock-down cell line (HGC-sh). The effect of SPARC overexpression and SPARC silencing was studied by examining capillary formation of HUVECs in vitro and a dorsal skin-fold chamber model in vivo. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect if the expressions of VEGF and MMP-7 were modulated by SPARC expression. To further determine the effect of SPARC expression on angiogenesis in vivo, xenograft models were established and microvessel density (MVD) of different clones were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Endogenous SPARC overexpression inhibited the expression of VEGF and MMP-7, as well as the angiogenesis induced by BGC-SP cells. Correspondingly, SPARC silencing increased the expression of VEGF and MMP-7, as well as the angiogenesis induced by HGC-sh cells. Elevated angiogenesis induced by SPARC silencing in HGC-sh cells was decreased when VEGF was neutralised by antibodies, and MMP-7 was knocked down in vitro. Conclusion SPARC suppresses angiogenesis of gastric cancer by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and MMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ling Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-Wei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Lian Wan
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiao Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao-Lin Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Adwan H, Zhivkova-Galunska M, Georges R, Eyol E, Kleeff J, Giese NA, Friess H, Bergmann F, Berger MR. Expression of HOXC8 is inversely related to the progression and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:288-95. [PMID: 21712827 PMCID: PMC3142801 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The transcription factor HOXC8 regulates many genes involved in tumour progression. This study was to investigate the role of HOXC8 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and metastasis. Methods: The Hoxc8 expression was determined in 15 PDAC cell lines and human specimens by RT–polymerase chain reaction and/or immunohistochemistry. The effects of HOXC8 silencing by RNA interference were investigated by functional tests. Results: The Hoxc8 mRNA expression in PDAC cell lines was negatively related to their growth in vivo. Except for Suit2-007 cells, only those with low Hoxc8 mRNA expression grew in nude rats. Successful down-regulation of HOXC8 expression caused increased proliferation, migration (P⩽0.05) and colony formation (P⩽0.05) in Suit2-007, Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 PDAC cells, respectively. The Hoxc8 mRNA levels in diseased human pancreas tissues were significantly increased over normal in PDAC and autoimmune chronic pancreatitis specimens (P<0.01, respectively), but negatively related to tumour stage (P=0.09). In primary and metastatic tumour samples, immunohistochemical staining for HOXC8 was stronger in surrounding than in neoplastic tissues. Furthermore, grading of primary carcinomas was negatively associated with HOXC8 staining (P=0.03). Liver metastases showed the lowest HOXC8 expression of all neoplastic lesions. Conclusion: These data indicate that HOXC8 expression is inversely related to PDAC progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Adwan
- Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit, German Cancer Research Center, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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Yin J, Chen G, Liu Y, Liu S, Wang P, Wan Y, Wang X, Zhu J, Gao H. Downregulation of SPARC expression decreases gastric cancer cellular invasion and survival. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2010; 29:59. [PMID: 20525171 PMCID: PMC2892439 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-29-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) plays a key role in the development of many tissues and organ types. Aberrant SPARC expression was found in a wide variety of human cancers, contributes to tumor development. Because SPARC was found to be overexpressed in human gastric cancer tissue, we therefore to explore the expression of SPARC in gastric cancer lines and the carcinogenic mechanisms. Methods SPARC expression was evaluated in a panel of human gastric cancer cell lines. MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cell lines expressing high level of SPARC were transiently transfected with SPARC-specific small interfering RNAs and subsequently evaluated for effects on invasion and proliferation. Results Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SPARC in MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cells dramatically decreased their invasion. Knockdown of SPARC was also observed to significantly increase the apoptosis of MGC803 and HGC 27 gastric cancer cells compared with control transfected group. Conclusions Our data showed that downregulating of SPARC inhibits invasion and growth of human gastric cancer cells. Thus, targeting of SPARC could be an effective therapeutic approach against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, PR China
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