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Khan MFJ, Little J, Mossey PA, Butali A, Autelitano L, Meazzini MC, Rubini M. MTHFR promoter methylation might mitigate the effect of smoking at the level of LINE-1 in cleft lip tissues: A preliminary study. Birth Defects Res 2021; 113:1463-1469. [PMID: 34668347 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medial and maxillary aspects of the upper lip originate at separate embryonic stages and therefore may experience different maternal exposure patterns which may affect methylation. Based on this hypothesis, we investigated the level of methylation of the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase promoter gene (mMTHFR) in tissues from cleft lip, and mMTHFR levels by MTHFR c.677C > T genotype. We further investigated whether mMTHFR mitigates the effect of smoking on long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1) methylation in these tissues. METHODS DNA extracted from medial and lateral tissues of 26 infants with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) was bisulfite converted and mMTHFR was measured on a pyrosequenser. LINE-1 methylation and MTHFR c.677C > T genotype data were obtained in our previous study. RESULTS There was no substantial difference in mMTHFR (p = .733) and LINE-1 (p = .148) between the two tissues. mMTHFR was not influenced by MTHFR c.677C > T genotype, but there was suggestive evidence that the difference was larger among infants exposed to maternal smoking compared to nonexposed. LINE-1 methylation differences were significant (p = .025) in infants born to nonsmoking mothers, but this was not apparent (p = .872) in infants born to mothers who smoked. Our Pearson's correlation analysis suggested a weak inverse association between mMTHFR and LINE-1 (r = -.179, p = .381). CONCLUSION Our preliminary observation of differences in patterns of mMTHFR levels in lip tissue suggests the interplay of gene and environment in the establishment of methylation in tissues at both sides of cleft lip. This requires investigation in a larger cohort, integrated with metabolic assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faisal J Khan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Julian Little
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A Mossey
- Craniofacial Development at the World Health Organization-Collaborating Centre for Oral and Craniofacial Research, Dental Hospital and School, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Azeez Butali
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Luca Autelitano
- Smile House, Operation Smile, Regional Centre for Orofacial Clefts and Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Meazzini
- Smile House, Operation Smile, Regional Centre for Orofacial Clefts and Craniofacial Anomalies, Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Rubini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Rafik A, Rachad L, Kone AS, Nadifi S. MTHFR C677T polymorphism and risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Moroccan population. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2019; 12:51-54. [PMID: 30881086 PMCID: PMC6410759 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s194166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is one of the most common craniofacial malformations observed. Several studies suggest that the decrease in folate has been associated with a higher risk of NSCL/P. The present study aimed to determine the association of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism gene with the occurrence of NSCL/P in the Moroccan population. Methods MTHFR C677T was genotyped in 52 Moroccan patients and 182 unrelated controls, using a PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results The results of the study revealed a genotypic and phenotypic distribution in equilibrium with Hardy–Weinberg’s law (χ2=0.36, P=0.55). The frequency of heterozygous genotype C/T and the T allele in controls and patients were 40.7% vs 15.4% and 26%, respectively. Conclusion A low association was found between the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene and a risk for the development of NSCL/P in the Moroccan population (OR =0.24, P=0.0005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Rafik
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Alfarbi Hospital, Oujda, Morocco, .,Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco,
| | - Laila Rachad
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco,
| | - Abdou-Samad Kone
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco,
| | - Sellama Nadifi
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco,
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Ebadifar A, Ameli N, Khorramkhorshid HR, Salehi Zeinabadi4 M, Kamali K, Khoshbakht T. Incidence Assessment of MTHFR C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms in Iranian Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2015; 9:101-4. [PMID: 26236436 PMCID: PMC4517301 DOI: 10.15171/joddd.2015.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence of MTHFR C677 T and A1298C muta-tions in Iranian patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Materials and methods. We screened 61 Iranian patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate for mutations in the two alleles of MTHFR gene associated with cleft lip and/or palate: A1298C and C677T, using Polymerase Chain Reaction following by RFLP. Results. The 677T and 1298C homozygote genotypes showed a frequency of 36.1% and 11.4%, respectively. Combined genotype frequencies in newborns having oral clefts showed that the highest genotype was 677TT/1298AA (22.9%) and 677TT/1298CC genotypes were not observed. Conclusion. The results showed that 65.6% of all patients had at least one T mutant allele in C677T and 58.9% C mutant allele for A1298C. According to the frequencies of homozygosity of mutant alleles, it could be said that MTHFR genotype of 677TT shows a greater role in having oral clefts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ebadifar
- Associate Professor, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Behehsti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Ameli
- Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Dental School, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorramkhorshid
- Professor, Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salehi Zeinabadi4
- Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School, Semnan university of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Kourosh Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Khoshbakht
- MSC, Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pan X, Wang P, Yin X, Liu X, Li D, Li X, Wang Y, Li H, Yu Z. Association between Maternal MTHFR Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in Offspring, A Meta-Analysis Based on 15 Case-Control Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2015; 8:463-80. [PMID: 25780529 PMCID: PMC4355933 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2015.4186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is thought to be
involved in the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
(NSCL/P). However, conflicting results have been obtained when evaluating the association between maternal MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and the risk of
NSCL/P. In light of this gap, a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control studies was
conducted in the present study. Materials and Methods A total of 15 case-control studies were ultimately identified
after a comprehensive literature search and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) examination. Cochrane’s Q test and index of heterogeneity (I2) indicated no obvious heterogeneity among studies. Results Fixed or random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled odds ratios
(ORs). The results showed that the TT genotype in mothers increased the likelihood of having
NSCL/P offspring 1.25 times (95% CI: 1.047-1.494) more than the CC homozygotes. Meanwhile, maternal TT genotype increased the risk of producing NSCL/P offspring in recessive
model (OR=1.325, 95% CI: 1.124-1.562). However, the CT heterozygote and the CT+TT
dominant models had no association with NSCL/P offspring compared with the CC wild-type
homozygote model. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity indicated that maternal TT genotype increased the likelihood of having NSCL/P offspring in Whites (OR=1.308, 95% CI:
1.059-1.617) and Asians (OR=1.726, 95% CI: 1.090-2.733) in recessive model. Also, subgroup analyses based on source of control showed that mothers with the 677TT genotype had
a significantly increased susceptibility of having NSCL/P children in hospital based population (HB) when compared with CC homozygotes (OR=1.248, 95% CI: 1.024-1.520) and un-
der the recessive model (OR=1.324, 95% CI: 1.104-1.588). Furthermore, maternal A1298C
polymorphism had no significant association with producing NSCL/P offspring (dominant
model OR=0.952, 95% CI: 0.816-1.111, recessive model OR=0.766, 95% CI: 0.567-1.036). Conclusion MTHFR C677T polymorphism is associated with the risk of generating NSCL/P
offspring, and being a 677TT homozygote is a risk factor. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism
was not associated with generating NSCL/P offspring. However, further work should be performed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjuan Pan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China ; Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xinjuan Yin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhuan Liu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongle Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Pandey RK, Ali A, Singh A, Gayan S, Bajpai M. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T variant in Indian children with craniosynostosis: Its role in the pathogenesis, risk of craniosynostosis. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 20:155-9. [PMID: 25400344 PMCID: PMC4228567 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.142882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 677C to T allele in the 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene has been implicated in the etiology of various syndromes and nonsyndromic diseases but till date no direct studies have been reported with craniosynostosis. OBJECTIVES The aim was to study the family-based association of MTHFR polymorphism in different categories of craniosynostosis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in which 30 patients classified as Apert syndrome, Pfeiffr syndrome and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis patients with their family were recruited. A sample of 3 ml intravenous blood was taken from patients and from their family members (father and mother) in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-anticoagulated vacutainer for the purpose of the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by phenol chloroform extraction method. Primers for MTHFR gene were designed. The polymerase chain reaction was carried out. After successful amplification, a small aliquot (5 μl) of the MTHFR reaction mixture was treated with 1 units of Hinf I restriction enzyme (NEB). Results were obtained and compiled. RESULTS A total of 30 patients/participants with craniosynostosis of Indian descent and their parents formed the study group. The genotyping did not confirm an association between the MTHFR 677C to T polymorphism and between different categories of craniosynostosis. When comparing the offspring of mothers statistically significant differences were found. CONCLUSION C667T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis though maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be a genetic risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Gayan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Minu Bajpai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Desai AL, Dinesh MR, Amarnath BC, Dharma RM, Akshai KR, Prashanth CS. Association of Transforming Growth Factor Alpha and Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene variants with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in the Indian population. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5:329-33. [PMID: 25191068 PMCID: PMC4147808 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.137932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the relationship of the K-primer variant of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) gene and C677T variant of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CL/P) in the Indian population. Setting and Sample Population: The study group consisted of DNA samples of 25 subjects with nonsyndromic CL with or without cleft palate and 25 unrelated controls, already existing in the Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: The DNA samples were divided into two categories: Group A which included the 25 subjects with nonsyndromic CL/P; and Group B, which consisted of the 25 unrelated controls. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was done for amplification of the region of interest from the DNA samples. Restriction digestion was then performed on the amplified product using the restriction enzyme HinfI, separately for each of the variants. The digested PCR products were separated into channels on a 1.5% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide in an electrophoretic chamber. A U.V. transilluminator was used to see the specific bands of base pairs of the digested PCR products. Results: In Group A, the TGF-α gene variant was present in 16 subjects (P = 0.001) and MTHFR gene variant was present in 8 subjects (P = 0.185). A combination of both gene variants were present in seven subjects, which was an interesting finding. In Group B, four subjects tested positive for the TGF-α and MTHFR gene variants. Conclusions: The TGF-α gene variant and a combination of TGF-α + MTHFR gene variants significantly contribute to the development of nonsyndromic CL/P and can be considered as genetic markers for Indian population. The MTHFR gene variant, though a minor risk factor, cannot be considered as a genetic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asavari L Desai
- Department of Orthodontics, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M R Dinesh
- Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - B C Amarnath
- Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R M Dharma
- Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K R Akshai
- Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - C S Prashanth
- Department of Orthodontics, D.A.P.M.R.V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms and risk of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in a south Indian population. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 78:339-42. [PMID: 24380661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several lines of evidence suggest that the decrease in folate in periconceptional period or maternal use of folate antagonists has been associated with a higher risk of orofacial clefts (OFCs). MTHFR is a critical enzyme in folate metabolism that catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, thus playing a vital role in DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. The aim of our study was to determine whether there is any association between the susceptibility to Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) amongst the variations of MTHFR genotypes in South Indian population. METHODS Our sample comprised 123 cases with NSCL/P and 141 controls without clefts or family history of clefting. The most common polymorphisms C677T (rs1801133) and A1298C (rs1801131) on the MTHFR gene were screened for the genotypes using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Both C677T and A1298C are polymorphic with minor allele frequencies of 0.131 and 0.429, respectively, for controls. Genotype data in control and cleft groups are following the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. There were no significant differences in genotypes of both polymorphisms between controls and NSCL/P. The pairwise LD values (D' and r(2)) between C677T and A1298C are 1.0 and 0.096 respectively indicating no significant LD between these two SNPs. Haplotype phenotype analysis did not show the evidence for association. Gene-gene interaction showed the distribution of the observed combinations of the two MTHFR polymorphisms was not different between NSCL/P and controls (p=0.887). CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the hypothesis, that variants in the MTHFR gene confer a risk for NSCL/P in the South Indian population.
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Determination of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism in Turkish patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1143-6. [PMID: 23725631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and Turkish patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (nsCL/P) and to determine the prevalence of the Turkish population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Molecular analysis of gene polymorphisms were carried out using polymerase chain reactions and restriction enzyme digestions. In our study, 80 patients with nsCL/P and 125 unrelated individuals from Turkey were studied. RESULTS We found that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is a significant risk factor for nsCL/P in Turkey (p=0.0004). These results support the impact of MTHFR C677T polymorphism and importance of folic acid intake in the etiology of nsCL/P. CONCLUSIONS MTHFR gene which is localized in the relevant region of chromosome 1p36.3 not been studied Turkish patients with nsCL/P and the prevalence of our country not to be determined. We revealed statistically association between the MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Turkish population.
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Han Y, Pan Y, Du Y, Tong N, Wang M, Zhang Z, Wan L, Wang L. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase C677T and A1298C Polymorphisms and Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts Susceptibility in a Southern Chinese Population. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:1063-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongchu Pan
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Du
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Tong
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linzhong Wan
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Bhaskar L, Murthy J, Venkatesh Babu G. Polymorphisms in genes involved in folate metabolism and orofacial clefts. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:723-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bufalino A, Ribeiro Paranaíba LM, Nascimento de Aquino S, Martelli-Júnior H, Oliveira Swerts MS, Coletta RD. Maternal polymorphisms in folic acid metabolic genes are associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate in the Brazilian population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 88:980-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reutter H, Birnbaum S, Mende M, de Assis NA, Hoffmann P, Lacava AD, Herms S, Braumann B, Scheer M, Lauster C, Schmidt G, Schiefke F, Dunsche A, Martini M, Knapp M, Kramer FJ, Nöthen MM, Mangold E. Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type 1 (TGFBR1) is not associated with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in patients of Central European descent. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 73:1334-8. [PMID: 19586667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) type 1 receptor (also known as activin receptor-like kinase 5, ALK5) is expressed in palatal tissue during embryogenesis. Experimental studies in transgenic mice with a genetic deletion of Alk5 showed that TGF-β type 1 receptor is required for upper lip and midline fusion of the hard and soft palate. In humans, association of TGF-β type 1 receptor gene (TGFBR1) and the development of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) had been observed in a multiethnic sample of Chinese, Philippine, Indian and Turkish families. In order to re-evaluate the relevance of these findings, we carried out a family-based association study among 218 NSCL/P families of Central European descent. METHODS Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood of 218 complete parent-offspring triads with NSCL/P. The sample comprised 14 patients with cleft lip only (CLO) and 204 patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Genotyping and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) were performed on all 218 triads with a total of 17 tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also performed testing for extended haplotypes and a log-linear model by Weinberg was used to screen parent-of-origin effects. Furthermore the use of estimates for the relative risks (RR) of Weinberg's model was obtained. RESULTS TDT analysis revealed no significant transmission distortion, neither at the level of individual markers nor at the level of haplotypes. Similarly negative results were obtained when we restricted our analysis to the subgroup of patients with CLP (n=204). Relative risk calculations (RR) of the children's and mothers' genotypes obtained negative results, after correction of p-values for multiple testing. Likewise application of Weinberg's log-linear model did not find any evidence for parent-of-origin effects in our sample. CONCLUSION Despite the ample evidence supporting the role of TGF-β type 1 receptor as a critically important and widespread morphogenetic regulator of craniofacial development in murine models, our results do not support TGFBR1 as major risk factor for NSCL/P in patients of Central European descent.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/epidemiology
- Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cleft Lip/epidemiology
- Cleft Lip/genetics
- Cleft Lip/surgery
- Cleft Palate/epidemiology
- Cleft Palate/genetics
- Cleft Palate/surgery
- Cohort Studies
- Disease Models, Animal
- Europe/epidemiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/epidemiology
- Genetics, Population
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant, Newborn
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pedigree
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Risk Assessment
- Species Specificity
- Syndrome
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Wilhelmstrasse 31, D-53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Ali A, Singh SK, Raman R. MTHFR 677TT Alone and IRF6 820GG Together with MTHFR 677CT, but Not MTHFR A1298C, Are Risks for Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in an Indian Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:355-60. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2008.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Singh
- G.S. Memorial Plastic Surgery Hospital and Trauma Centre, Varanasi, India
| | - Rajiva Raman
- Centre for Genetic Disorders, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Mangold E. Genetik der nichtsyndromalen Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten. MED GENET-BERLIN 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-007-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Die Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalte (LKG) stellt eine der häufigsten angeborenen Fehlbildungen dar. Etwa 50–60% der LKG-Fälle sind nichtsyndromal und in der Regel genetisch komplex vererbt. Assoziations- und Kopplungsanalysen ergaben eine Reihe von Kandidatengenen bzw. -regionen, wobei bislang nur wenige Befunde in unabhängigen Stichproben unterstützt werden konnten. Zur Anwendung in der medizinischen Routine eignen sich die bisherigen Erkenntnisse über genetische Faktoren noch nicht. Die langfristig zu erwartende Identifizierung aller ursächlichen Gene und exogenen Faktoren wird ein umfassendes Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Ursachen ermöglichen und zur Entwicklung neuer Präventionsstrategien beitragen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Mangold
- Aff1_32 grid.10388.32 0000000122403300 Institut für Humangenetik Universität Bonn Wilhelmstraße 31 53111 Bonn Deutschland
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