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Kniha E, Dvořák V, Milchram M, Obwaller AG, Köhsler M, Poeppl W, Antoniou M, Chaskopoulou A, Paronyan L, Stefanovski J, Mooseder G, Volf P, Walochnik J. Phlebotomus (Adlerius) simici NITZULESCU, 1931: first record in Austria and phylogenetic relationship with other Adlerius species. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:20. [PMID: 33407822 PMCID: PMC7788815 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phlebotomine sand flies are the principal vectors of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). Information on sand flies in Central Europe is scarce and, to date, in Austria, only Phlebotomus mascittii has been recorded. In 2018 and 2019, entomological surveys were conducted in Austria with the aim to further clarify sand fly distribution and species composition. Results In 2019, a Ph. simici specimen was trapped in Austria for the first time. Analyses of two commonly used marker genes, cytochrome c oxidase I (coxI) and cytochrome b (cytb), revealed high sequence identity with Ph. simici specimens from North Macedonia and Greece. Phylogenetic analyses showed high intraspecific distances within Ph. simici, thereby dividing this species into three lineages: one each from Europe, Turkey and Israel. Low interspecific distances between Ph. simici, Ph. brevis and an as yet unidentified Adlerius sp. from Turkey and Armenia highlight how challenging molecular identification within the Adlerius complex can be, even when standard marker genes are applied. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study reports the first finding of Ph. simici in Austria, representing the northernmost recording of this species to date. Moreover, it reveals valuable insights into the phylogenetic relationships among species within the subgenus Adlerius. Phlebotomus simici is a suspected vector of L. infantum and therefore of medical and veterinary importance. Potential sand fly expansion in Central Europe due to climatic change and the increasing import of Leishmania-infected dogs from endemic areas support the need for further studies on sand fly distribution in Austria and Central Europe in general. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Kniha
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vít Dvořák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Milchram
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adelheid G Obwaller
- Division of Science, Research and Development, Federal Ministry of Defence, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Köhsler
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Poeppl
- Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine, Military Medical Cluster East, Austrian Armed Forces, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Antoniou
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology, Parasitology, Zoonoses and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Chaskopoulou
- European Biological Control Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lusine Paronyan
- Vector Borne and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Health, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jovana Stefanovski
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Saints Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Gerhard Mooseder
- Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine, Military Medical Cluster East, Austrian Armed Forces, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Feliciangeli MD, Lampo M. Phlebotomine sandflies in Venezuela. V. Review of the genusBrumptomyia(Diptera: Psychodidae), with description of the female ofBrumptomyia devenanzii, re-description of the male and isozymatic profile. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00034983.2001.11813641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Surendran SN, Karunaratne SHPP, Adams Z, Hemingway J, Hawkes NJ. Molecular and biochemical characterization of a sand fly population from Sri Lanka: evidence for insecticide resistance due to altered esterases and insensitive acetylcholinesterase. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2005; 95:371-80. [PMID: 16048685 DOI: 10.1079/ber2005368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With an increasing incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka, particularly in northern provinces, insecticide-mediated vector control is under consideration. Optimizing such a strategy requires the characterization of sand fly populations in target areas with regard to species composition and extant resistance, among other parameters. Sand flies were collected by human bait and cattle-baited net traps on Delft Island, used as an illegal transit location by many refugees returning to the north of Sri Lanka from southern India where leishmaniasis is endemic. For species identification, genomic DNA was extracted and a fragment of the ribosomal 18S gene amplified. The sequence from all flies analysed matched that of Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, the primary vector in India and the most likely vector in Sri Lanka. Independent morphological analysis also identified P. argentipes. To establish the current susceptibility status of vector species, data were obtained at the biochemical level, from which potential cross-resistance to alternative insecticides can be predicted. The Delft Island collection was assayed for the activities of four enzyme systems involved in insecticide resistance (acetylcholinesterase, non-specific carboxylesterases, glutathione-S-transferases and cytochrome p450 monooxygenases), establishing baselines against which subsequent collections can be evaluated. There was preliminary evidence for elevated esterases and altered acetylcholinesterase in this population, the first report of these resistance mechanisms in sand flies to our knowledge, which probably arose from the malathion-based spraying regimes of the Anti-Malarial Campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Surendran
- Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka
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