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Giannitti F, Machado M, Silva Silveira CD, Cibils-Stewart X, Baráibar N, Queiroz-Machado CRR, Poppenga RH, Menchaca A, Uzal FA, García JA, Matto C, Dutra F, Ruprechter G, Caffarena D, Saravia A. Experimental oral administration of pollen beetle ( Astylus atromaculatus) to cattle results in an acute lethal gastrointestinal disease. Vet Pathol 2024; 61:590-603. [PMID: 38433602 DOI: 10.1177/03009858241231557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In the summer of 2023, ingestion of Astylus atromaculatus (pollen beetle) was linked to spontaneous fatal disease in grazing cattle and sheep in Argentina and Uruguay. While the disease was experimentally reproduced in sheep and guinea pigs in the 1970's, no experimental reproductions have been attempted in cattle, and controversy exists as to whether this insect is indeed noxious to cattle and at which dose. Here, we demonstrate that A. atromaculatus causes acute fatal disease in Hereford calves at single oral dosages of 2.5, 4.5, 10.0, and 15.0 g of insect/kg body weight. Death or severe disease necessitating euthanasia occurred at 38 to 48 hours postinoculation regardless of the dose, suggesting that the single fatal dosage is likely <2.5 g/kg body weight (this dose representing approximately 850 mL of intact beetles in a 100 kg calf). Clinically, the disease was characterized by acute anorexia, prolonged recumbency, reluctance to move, listlessness/apathy, depression, ruminal hypomotility and tympany, hypothermia, bruxism with frothing at the mouth, and mucoid diarrhea progressing to death. Hematologic and biochemical alterations included hemoconcentration, stress/acute inflammatory leukogram, negative energy balance, and ketosis. The pathological hallmark of this experimental disease is acute necrotizing omaso-reticulo-rumenitis, fibrinohemorrhagic enteritis, and exfoliative colitis with intralesional chitinous insect fragments. While A. atromaculatus might contain a gastrointestinal toxin or pathogen, extensive toxicological testing failed to identify a causative toxin. Other pathomechanisms such as direct physical damage caused by insect fragments on the alimentary tract seem plausible, although further studies are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of A. atromaculatus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mizael Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | - Ximena Cibils-Stewart
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Baráibar
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | | | - Robert H Poppenga
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alejo Menchaca
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
| | - Francisco A Uzal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - Juan A García
- Instituto de Innovación para la Producción Agropecuaria y el Desarrollo Sostenible, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Carolina Matto
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Paysandú, Uruguay
| | - Fernando Dutra
- División Laboratorios Veterinarios, Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Gretel Ruprechter
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Darío Caffarena
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Anderson Saravia
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental La Estanzuela, Uruguay
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Montes E, Coriton O, Eber F, Huteau V, Lacape JM, Reinhardt C, Marais D, Hofs JL, Chèvre AM, Pannetier C. Assessment of Gene Flow Between Gossypium hirsutum and G. herbaceum: Evidence of Unreduced Gametes in the Diploid Progenitor. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:2185-2193. [PMID: 28546386 PMCID: PMC5499127 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.041509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the framework of a gene flow assessment, we investigated the natural hybridization rate between Gossypium hirsutum (AADD genome) and G. herbaceum (AA genome). The latter species, a diploid progenitor of G. hirsutum, is spontaneously present in South Africa. Reciprocal crosses were performed without emasculation between G. herbaceum and G. hirsutum Neither examination of the morphological characteristics nor flow cytometry analysis of the 335 plants resulting from the G. hirsutum × G. herbaceum cross showed any hybrid features. Of the 148 plants produced from the G. herbaceum × G. hirsutum cross, three showed a hybrid phenotype, and their hybrid status was confirmed by SSR markers. Analysis of DNA content by flow cytometry and morphological traits clearly showed that two of these plants were triploid (AAD). The third plant had a flow cytometry DNA content slightly higher than G. hirsutum In addition, its morphological characteristics (plant architecture, presence and size of petal spots, leaf shape) led us to conclude that this plant was AAAD thus resulting from fertilization with an unreduced AA gamete of the female G. herbaceum parent. Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and meiotic behavior confirmed this hypothesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of such gametes in G. herbaceum, and it opens new avenues in breeding programs. Furthermore, this plant material could provide a useful tool for studying the expression of genes duplicated in the A and D cotton genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Montes
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - O Coriton
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - F Eber
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - V Huteau
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - J M Lacape
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - C Reinhardt
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - D Marais
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - J L Hofs
- CIRAD, UR AIDA, Agro-écologie et Intensification Durable des cultures Annuelles, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - A M Chèvre
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes I., BP35327, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - C Pannetier
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales, 34398 Montpellier, France
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