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Cao HQ, Chen JC, Tang MQ, Chen M, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Plasticity of cold and heat stress tolerance induced by hardening and acclimation in the melon thrips. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 153:104619. [PMID: 38301801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2024.104619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Extreme temperatures threaten species under climate change and can limit range expansions. Many species cope with changing environments through plastic changes. This study tested phenotypic changes in heat and cold tolerance under hardening and acclimation in the melon thrips, Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an agricultural pest of many vegetables. We first measured the critical thermal maximum (CTmax) of the species by the knockdown time under static temperatures and found support for an injury accumulation model of heat stress. The inferred knockdown time at 39 °C was 82.22 min. Rapid heat hardening for 1 h at 35 °C slightly increased CTmax by 1.04 min but decreased it following exposure to 31 °C by 3.46 min and 39 °C by 6.78 min. Heat acclimation for 2 and 4 days significantly increased CTmax at 35 °C by 1.83, and 6.83 min, respectively. Rapid cold hardening at 0 °C and 4 °C for 2 h, and cold acclimation at 10 °C for 3 days also significantly increased cold tolerance by 6.09, 5.82, and 2.00 min, respectively, while cold hardening at 8 °C for 2 h and acclimation at 4 °C and 10 °C for 5 days did not change cold stress tolerance. Mortality at 4 °C for 3 and 5 days reached 24.07 % and 43.22 % respectively. Our study showed plasticity for heat and cold stress tolerance in T. palmi, but the thermal and temporal space for heat stress induction is narrower than for cold stress induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qian Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meng-Qing Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Min Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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Zhang J, Qi L, Chen B, Li H, Hu L, Wang Q, Wang S, Xi J. Trehalose-6-Phosphate Synthase Contributes to Rapid Cold Hardening in the Invasive Insect Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) by Regulating Trehalose Metabolism. INSECTS 2023; 14:903. [PMID: 38132577 PMCID: PMC10744047 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid cold hardening (RCH) is known to rapidly enhance the cold tolerance of insects. Trehalose has been demonstrated to be a cryoprotectant in Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, an important invasive pest of rice in China. Trehalose synthesis mainly occurs through the Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS)/trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) pathway in insects. In this study, the TPS gene from L. oryzophilus (LoTPS) was cloned and characterized for the first time. Its expression and trehalose content changes elicited by RCH were investigated. Our results revealed that RCH not only increased the survival rate of adults but also upregulated the expression level of LoTPS and increased the trehalose content under low temperature. We hypothesized that upregulated LoTPS promoted trehalose synthesis and accumulation to protect adults from low-temperature damage. To further verify the function of the LoTPS gene, we employed RNA interference (RNAi) technology. Our findings showed that RCH efficiency disappeared and the survival rate did not increase when the adults were fed dsRNA of LoTPS. Additionally, inhibiting LoTPS expression resulted in no significant difference in trehalose content between the RCH and non-RCH treatments. Furthermore, the expression patterns of trehalose transporter (TRET) and trehalase (TRE) were also affected. Collectively, these results indicate the critical role of LoTPS in L. oryzophilus cold resistance after RCH induction. LoTPS can enhance survival ability by regulating trehalose metabolism. These findings contribute to further understanding the role of TPS in insect cold resistance and the invasiveness of L. oryzophilus. Moreover, RNAi of LoTPS opens up possibilities for novel control strategies against L. oryzophilus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lizhong Qi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Baoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China;
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Lianglin Hu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Qingtai Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Shang Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; (J.Z.); (L.Q.); (H.L.); (L.H.); (Q.W.); (S.W.)
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Hameed A, Rosa C, O’Donnell CA, Rajotte EG. Ecological Interactions among Thrips, Soybean Plants, and Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus in Pennsylvania, USA. Viruses 2023; 15:1766. [PMID: 37632108 PMCID: PMC10458877 DOI: 10.3390/v15081766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of ecological and evolutionary aspects leading to durability of resistance in soybean cultivars against species Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus (SVNV) (Bunyavirales: Tospoviridae) is important for the establishment of integrated pest management (IPM) across the United States, which is a leading exporter of soybeans in the world. SVNV is a seed- and thrips- (vector)-borne plant virus known from the USA and Canada to Egypt. We monitored the resistance of soybean cultivars against SVNV, surveyed thrips species on various crops including soybeans in Pennsylvania, and studied thrips overwintering hibernation behavior under field conditions. Field and lab experiments determined disease incidence and vector abundance in soybean genotypes. The impact of the virus, vector, and their combination on soybean physiology was also evaluated. Seed protein, fiber, oil, and carbohydrate content were analyzed using near infra-red spectroscopy. We found that the variety Channel3917R2x had higher numbers of thrips; hence, it was categorized as preferred, while results showed that no variety was immune to SVNV. We found that thrips infestation alone or in combination with SVNV infection negatively impacted soybean growth and physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Hameed
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Cristina Rosa
- Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Cheryle A. O’Donnell
- USDA APHIS PPQ National Identification Services National Specialist (Thysanoptera and Psylloidea), Systematic Entomology Laboratory, B-005, Rm 137 BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;
| | - Edwin G. Rajotte
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA;
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Li Y, Huo Z, Chang J, Meng R. Rapid cold hardening response of the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus striatus: increased cold tolerance but not reduced predation. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:15-27. [PMID: 36585565 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The predatory mite Neoseiulus striatus (Wu) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), which has been found on maize plants in Inner Mongolia, is regarded as a promising biological control agent of small sucking pests, especially Tetranychid mites. Temperature is an important abiotic factor, and a sudden drop in temperature may affect its performance when released in areas with big circadian temperature differences. Rapid cold hardening is a type of phenotypic plasticity that allows ectotherms to quickly enhance their cold tolerance in response to a brief chilling exposure. However, it is not clear whether N. striatus possesses such plasticity. To understand how this species of phytoseiid mite copes with short-term low-temperature stress, its rapid cold hardening response was studied in the laboratory by first exploring its critical temperature. Then, the effects of exposure to a series of temperatures (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) for different durations on the survival of N. striatus were investigated to determine the optimal temperature and duration for cold hardening. Moreover, the effect of cold hardening on the consumption of Tetranychus urticae by N. striatus was also investigated, as was the response of immature stages. The critical temperature for N. striatus was - 15 °C, at which its survival dropped below 10%. An exposure to 5 °C for 2 h was optimal for rapid cold hardening, efficiently increasing survival in N. striatus. Rapid cold hardening was found in all developmental stages of N. striatus, and there was no significant effect of exposure on the consumption of spider mites. Our study shows that exposure to low temperatures during a limited period can enhance the cold hardiness but not reduce predation by N. striatus, which will be advantageous to its field applications during a period of large diurnal temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuJing Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - ZhiJia Huo
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jing Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - RuiXia Meng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Xu Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Zheng C, Zhao D, Shi F, Liu X, Tao J, Zong S. Identification of key genes associated with overwintering in Anoplophora glabripennis larva using gene co-expression network analysis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:805-816. [PMID: 32909651 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a major quarantine pest in forestry. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, and North America, and has enormous destructive potential for forests. The larvae of A. glabripennis overwinter in a dormant state with strong cold tolerance, and whether the larvae survive winter determines the population density in the following year. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are not clear. RESULTS RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of A. glabripennis larvae at five overwintering stages identified 6876 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among these, 46 functional genes that might respond to low temperature were identified. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed that the MEturquoise module was correlated with the overwintering process. The STPK, PP2A, DGAT, and HSF genes were identified as hub genes using visualization of gene network. In addition, four genes related to sugar transport, gluconeogenesis and glycosylation were screened, which may be involved in the metabolic regulation of overwintering larvae. The protein-protein interaction network indicated that ribosomal protein and ATP synthase may play an important role in connecting with other proteins. The expression levels of fifteen hub genes were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR, and the results were consistent with RNA-Seq. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates key genes that may reveal the molecular mechanism of overwintering in A. glabripennis larvae. The genes may be the potential targets to prevent larvae from surviving the cold winter by developing new biological agents using genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Liu
- Ulanqab Municipal Bureau of Parks, Ulanqab, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Metabonomics study of fresh bruises on an apple using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang M, Zhang D, Li Y, Sun Q, Li Q, Fan Y, Wu Y, Xi Z, Zheng X. Water-induced strong protection against acute exposure to low subzero temperature of adult Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007139. [PMID: 30716071 PMCID: PMC6382212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important vector of dengue and Zika, Aedes albopictus has been the fastest spreading invasive mosquitoes in the world over the last 3–4 decades. Cold tolerance is important for survival and expansion of insects. Ae. albopictus adults are generally considered to be cold-intolerant that cannot survive at subzero temperature. However, we found that Ae. albopictus could survive for several hours’ exposure to -9 to -19 oC so long as it was exposed with water. Median lethal time (LT50) of Ae. albopictus exposed to -15 and -19 oC with water increased by more than 100 times compared to those exposed to the same subzero temperature without water. This phenomenon also existed in adult Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. Ae. albopictus female adults which exposed to low subzero temperature at -9 oC with water had similar longevity and reproductive capacity to those of females without cold exposure. Cold exposure after a blood meal also have no detrimental impact on survival capacity of female adult Ae. albopictus compared with those cold exposed without a blood meal. Moreover, our results showed that rapid cold hardening (RCH) was induced in Ae. albopictus during exposing to low subzero temperature with water. Both the RCH and the relative high subzero temperature of water immediate after cold exposure might provide this strong protection against low subzero temperature. The molecular basis of water-induced protection for Ae. albopictus might refer to the increased glycerol during cold exposure, as well as the increased glucose and hsp70 during recovery from cold exposure. Our results suggested that the water-induced strong protection against acute decrease of air temperature for adult mosquitoes might be important for the survival and rapid expansion of Ae. albopictus. Aedes albopictus is one of two most important vectors for dengue and zika. During the last 3–4 decades, this mosquito has spread from native Asian area to all continents except Antarctica, becoming the most invasive mosquitoes which imposed extensive public health threat to human beings throughout the world. Cold tolerance is important for distribution and survival of insects. During the expansion of Ae. albopictus, especially a spatial expansion to cooler climate areas, it needs to cope with cold temperatures. Moreover, because of such widespread distribution adult Ae. albopictus will certainly often encounter sudden drops in air temperature even below subzero that often happens in early spring and winter, and late autumn. Thus far, adult Ae. albopictus are generally considered to be cold-intolerant that can not survive at subzero temperature. In this study, we found that water can provide strong protection against low subzero temperature even below -10 oC. Cold exposure of adult female Ae. albopictus to low subzero temperature with water either before or after a blood meal have no detrimental impact on fitness costs of these adult mosquitoes. Considering water is common in nature, our results indicated that during the expansion of Ae. albopictus especially when adult mosquitoes encounter a sudden drop in air temperature water could be a good shelter for cope with such cold temperature below subzero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meichun Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjing Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Yali Fan
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Xi
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZX); (XZ)
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Sun Yat-sen University—Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Diseases-Vectors Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZX); (XZ)
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Mohammadzadeh M, Izadi H. Cold Acclimation of Trogoderma granarium Everts Is Tightly Linked to Regulation of Enzyme Activity, Energy Content, and Ion Concentration. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1427. [PMID: 30425644 PMCID: PMC6218610 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, cold hardiness and some physiological characteristics of the Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae, were investigated under different thermal regimes, i.e., control, cold-acclimated (CA), fluctuating-acclimated (FA), and rapid cold-hardened (RCH). In all the regimes, the larval survival rate decreased with a decrease in temperature. CA larvae showed the highest cold hardiness following 24 h exposure at -15 and -20°C. Control larvae had the highest glycogen content (34.4 ± 2.3 μg/dry weight). In contrast, CA larvae had the lowest glycogen content (23.0 ± 1.6 μg/dry weight). Change in trehalose content was reversely proportional to changes in glycogen content. The highest myo-inositol and glucose contents were detected in CA larvae (10.7 ± 0.4 μg/dry weight) and control (0.49 ± 0.03 μg/dry weight), respectively. In control and treated larvae, [Na+] decreased, though [K+] increased, with increasing exposure time. The shape of the thermal reaction curve of AMP-depended protein kinase and protein phosphatase 2C followed the same norm, which was different from protein phosphatase 1 and protein phosphatase 2A. Protein phosphatase 2A and 2C showed a complete difference in thermal reaction norms. Indeed, thermal fluctuation caused the highest changes in the activity of the enzymes, whereas the RCH showed the lowest changes in the activity of the enzymes. Our results showed a significant enhancement of larval cold tolerance under CA regime, which is related to the high levels of low molecular weight carbohydrates under this regime. Our results showed that among the different thermal regimes tested, the CA larvae had the lowest supercooling point (about -22°C) and the highest cold hardiness following 24 h exposure at -15 and -20°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamzeh Izadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Rapid Cold Hardening Confers a Transient Increase in Low Temperature Survival in Diapausing Chilo suppressalis Larvae. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9020053. [PMID: 29747426 PMCID: PMC6023533 DOI: 10.3390/insects9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker), overwinters as a diapausing larva. The diapausing larvae were tested for a rapid cold hardening (RCH) response and its role in the insect’s survival of sub-zero temperatures. When laboratory-reared diapausing larvae were transferred directly from the rearing temperature of 25 °C to −14 °C and maintained there for 2 h, 21% survived. Acclimation of diapausing larvae for 4 h at 5 °C before their exposure for 2 h to −14 °C increased survival to approximately 41%, indicating an RCH response. Durability of RCH effects on low temperature survival was less than 1 h. Although transient in the test, the increased survival acquired through rapid cold hardening may play a role in preparing the diapausing larvae for abrupt temperature drops in the field that would otherwise be lethal.
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