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Li D, Lu S, Jian Y, Cheng S, Zhao Q, Yuan H, Wang N, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang R, Jian F. Acaricidal and repellent activities of ethanol extracts of nine chinese medicinal herbs against Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:69-87. [PMID: 37522955 PMCID: PMC10462553 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhipicephalus microplus is a major threat to the cattle industry worldwide. The intensive use of acaricides and repellents has resulted in drug resistance. Hence, effective and eco-friendly pest control alternatives are urgently needed, especially from natural plant resources. In this study, the acaricidal and repellent activities of nine herbs against the larvae and eggs of R. microplus were evaluated. The results showed that ethanol extracts of star anise (Illicium verum), chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica), motherwart (Leonurus artemisia), mandarin orange peel (citri reticulatae pericarpium, i.e., peel of Citrus reticulata fruit), and stemona (Stemona sessilifolia) had good contact acaricidal activities of 100, 98, 94, 88 and 86%, respectively, whereas star anise and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) had good fumigant acaricidal activities of 98 and 96%, respectively. The hatching inhibition rate of star anise against R. microplus eggs was 100%. All nine herbs had good real-time repellent rates, but only castor bean and star anise had repellent effects after 48 h (81.3 and 79.6%, respectively). This is the first report of the acaricidal and repellent activities of these medicinal herbs against R. microplus. Ethanol extracts of these herbs might be considered as potential alternatives to chemical acaricides for control of R. microplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglinag Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Shunli Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yichen Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Shuqi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qianming Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, China
| | - Huizhen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Nanhao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Longxian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Rongjun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, No.218 Ping'an Avenue, Zhengdong, District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China.
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Iqbal S, Khan FA, Haris A, Mozūratis R, Binyameen M, Azeem M. Essential oils of four wild plants inhibit the blood seeking behaviour of female Aedes aegytpi. Exp Parasitol 2022; 244:108424. [PMID: 36375535 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito is an important vector of many disease-causing pathogens. An effective way to escape from these mosquito-borne diseases is to prevent mosquito bites. In the current study, essential oils of Lepidium pinnatifidum, Mentha longifolia, Origanum vulgare, and Agrimonia eupatoria were evaluated for their repellent potential against Ae. aegypti females. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation from freshly collected aerial parts of the plants and tested against 4-5 day old females of Ae. aegypti through the human bait technique for repellency and repellent longevity assays. The chemical composition of extracted essential oils was explored by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils of L. pinnatifidum, M. longifolia, O. vulgare, and A. eupatoria at a dose of 33 μg/cm2 showed 100%, 94%, 87%, and 83% mosquito repellent activity, respectively. Furthermore, M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils exhibited 100% repellency at a dose of 165 μg/cm2, whereas A. eupatoria essential oil showed 100% repellency only at 330 μg/cm2. In the time-span bioassay, M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils showed protection against Ae. aegypti bites for 90 and 75 min, respectively whereas both A. eupatoria and L. pinnatifidum were found active for 45 min. Phenylacetonitrile (94%), piperitone oxide (34%), carvacrol (20%) and α-pinene (62%) were the most abundant compounds in L. pinnatifidum, M. longifolia, O. vulgare and A. eupatoria essential oils, respectively. The current study demonstrates that M. longifolia and O. vulgare essential oils possess the potential to be used as an alternative to synthetic chemicals to protect humans from mosquito bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Haris
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Raimondas Mozūratis
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius vag 18B, SE, Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Chemical and Behavioural Ecology, Institute of Ecology, Nature Research Centre, Akademijos str. 2, Vilnius, LT, 08412, Lithuania
| | - Muhammad Binyameen
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Wang HV, Pickett LJ, Faraone N. Repellent and acaricidal activities of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oils and rock dust against Ixodes scapularis and Dermacentor variabilis ticks. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2022; 86:583-598. [PMID: 35230583 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Repellent and acaricidal activity of essential oils extracted from three varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were evaluated on blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say) and American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) in laboratory conditions. Essential oils were extracted and characterized through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tested at different concentrations for long-term repellent activity using horizontal bioassays. In addition, basil essential oils were combined with an inert material (i.e., granite rock dust) with known insecticidal and miticidal properties to assess acaricidal activities against adult ticks. Among the tested basil varieties, var. Jolina essential oil at 15% vol/vol concentration repelled 96% of tested ticks up to 2 h post-treatment. The EC50 for I. scapularis nymphs was 4.65% vol/vol (95% confidence interval: 4.73-4.57). In acaricidal tests, the combination of essential oil from var. Aroma 2 at 10% wt/wt with rock dust resulted in 100% tick mortality after only 24 h post-exposure, with a LD50 of 3.48% wt/wt (95% CI 4.05-2.91) for freshly prepared treatment tested on I. scapularis adults. The most common compounds detected in basil essential oils by GC-MS were linalool (52.2% in var. Nu Far, 48.2% in Aroma 2, 43.9% in Jolina), sabinene (6.71% in Nu Far, 8.99% in Aroma 2, 8.11% in Jolina), eugenol (11.2% in Jolina, 8.71% in Aroma 2), and estragole (18.2% in Nu Far). The use of essential oils alone and in combination with rock dust provides an innovative and environmentally friendly approach for managing ticks and inhibiting vector-borne disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe V Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - Laura J Pickett
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
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Integrative Alternative Tactics for Ixodid Control. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030302. [PMID: 35323601 PMCID: PMC8948879 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Hard ticks are important for economic and health reasons, and control has mainly relied upon use of synthetic acaricides. Contemporary development of resistance and concerns relating to health and environmental safety have elicited exploration into alternative tactics for hard tick management. Some examples of alternative tactics involve biological control, desiccant dusts, growth regulators, vaccines, cultural methods, and ingested medications. Abstract Ixodids (hard ticks), ectoparasitic arthropods that vector the causal agents of many serious diseases of humans, domestic animals, and wildlife, have become increasingly difficult to control because of the development of resistance against commonly applied synthetic chemical-based acaricides. Resistance has prompted searches for alternative, nonconventional control tactics that can be used as part of integrated ixodid management strategies and for mitigating resistance to conventional acaricides. The quest for alternative control tactics has involved research on various techniques, each influenced by many factors, that have achieved different degrees of success. Alternative approaches include cultural practices, ingested and injected medications, biological control, animal- and plant-based substances, growth regulators, and inert desiccant dusts. Research on biological control of ixodids has mainly focused on predators, parasitoid wasps, infective nematodes, and pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Studies on animal-based substances have been relatively limited, but research on botanicals has been extensive, including whole plant, extract, and essential oil effects on ixodid mortality, behavior, and reproduction. The inert dusts kaolin, silica gel, perlite, and diatomaceous earth are lethal to ixodids, and they are impervious to environmental degradation, unlike chemical-based toxins, remaining effective until physically removed.
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Lunguinho ADS, Cardoso MDG, Ferreira VRF, Konig IFM, Gonçalves RRP, Brandão RM, Caetano ARS, Nelson DL, Remedio RN. Acaricidal and repellent activity of the essential oils of Backhousia citriodora, Callistemon viminalis and Cinnamodendron dinisii against Rhipicephalus spp. Vet Parasitol 2021; 300:109594. [PMID: 34678675 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ticks Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l) are of great importance to agriculture, veterinary medicine and public health. Due to a number of problems related to the use of synthetic acaricides, natural products emerge as promising substances for alternative tick control. In the present study, essential oils of Backhousia citriodora, Callistemon viminalis and Cinnamodendron dinisii were extracted by hydrodistillation, characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID and biologically evaluated for acaricidal activity against R. microplus and repellent activity against R. sanguineus s.l. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChe) by the essential oils was also evaluated. The major constituent of B. citriodora is citral (98.9 %), whereas the essential oil from C. viminalis is rich in 1.8-cineole (78.1 %), α-pinene (12.5 %) and limonene (3.36 %), and that from C. dinisii contains α-pinene (30.8 %), β-pinene (12.5 %) and sabinene (11.3 %) as the principal constituents. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50) estimated for the essential oils on engorged R. microplus females were 3.276 μL.mL-1 for B. citriodora, 8.195 μL.mL-1 for C. dinisii and 8.936 μL.mL-1 for C. viminalis. The essential oil of B. citriodora showed the best repellent effect against unfed R. sanguineus s.l. adults, demonstrating repellent action up to 3 h after application. The essential oil of C. viminalis was able to reduce AChe activity, with an average inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 0.33 μg mL-1. Thus, these oils can be considered as sources of bioactive compounds for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Lee Nelson
- Pro-Rectory of Research and Graduate Studies, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Brazil
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Mahendran G, Verma SK, Rahman LU. The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.): A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114266. [PMID: 34087400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Mentha spicata L. (Lamiaceae), commonly called Spearmint, is wildly cultivated worldwide for its remarkable aroma and commercial value. In addition to traditional foods flavouring agent, M. spicata is well known for its traditional medicinal uses, particularly for the treatment of cold, cough, asthma, fever, obesity, jaundice and digestive problems. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to critically appraise scientific literature regarding the traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of M. spicata. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the literature information on M. spicata was searched from scientific electronic search databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ACS, Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Springer and SCOPUS. Structures for secondary metabolites were confirmed using PubChem and ChemSpider. RESULTS The studies conducted on either crude extracts, essential oil or isolated pure compounds from M. spicata had reported a varied range of biological effects including antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal activity, antigenotoxic potential and antiandrogenic activities. Phytochemical analysis of various parts of M. spicata revealed 35 chemical constituents, belonging to phenolic acids, flavonoids and lignans. CONCLUSION The review finding indicates that the pharmacological properties of M. spicata supported its traditional uses. The essential oils and extracts showed remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. However, more studies, especially in vivo experiments and clinical trials of the human to evaluate cellular and molecular mechanisms based pharmacological, bioactive effectiveness and safety investigation, should be undertaken in the future to provide stronger scientific proof for their traditional medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Mahendran
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sanjeet Kumar Verma
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Laiq-Ur Rahman
- Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, 226015, India.
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Khashaveh A, An X, Shan S, Xiao Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Li Z, Geng T, Gu S, Zhang Y. Deorphanization of an odorant receptor revealed new bioactive components for green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1626-1638. [PMID: 31714013 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Apolygus lucorum is one of the most destructive insect pests in China with a wide range of host plants. Interaction of A. lucorum with surrounding environment heavily relies on chemical communication. Deorphanization of receptors involved in odors detection elevates our understanding of the olfactory system of this pest and may help to develop a chemical ecology-based control strategy. RESULTS AlucOR80, an odorant receptor (OR) in A. lucorum was newly cloned. Gene expression analysis showed that this receptor was mainly expressed in the antennae and head of both sexes but with a male bias. The Xenopus oocytes heterologous expression system coupled with the two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) recording revealed that AlucOR80 was tuned to 21 selected compounds. Furthermore, electroantennogram (EAG) tests confirmed that all 21 ligands of AlucOR80 were electrophysiologically active in antennae of both sexes. Behavioral trials in a three-cage olfactometer indicated that 16 compounds were behaviorally active, amongst which, 12 components were attractants and four components were repellents for adults of both sexes. Butyl butyrate and Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) were the strongest attractive and repellant compounds, respectively. Importantly, we found the repellency of 1, 8-Cineole, S-(-)-cis-Verbenol and (1S)-(1)-beta-Pinene against adults of A. lucorum. CONCLUSION Although AlucOR80 is a general OR, may play important role in the olfactory perception of A. lucorum. Screening of AlucOR80 ligands by behavioral assay provided valuable insights by which olfactory-based management approaches could be developed by utilizing the behaviorally active components as attractants or repellents. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Khashaveh
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkui An
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanning Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zibo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Geng
- Langfang Scientific Research Trial Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Langfang, China
| | - Shaohua Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Soutar O, Cohen F, Wall R. Essential oils as tick repellents on clothing. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 79:209-219. [PMID: 31578646 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils show promise as natural alternatives to synthetic tick repellents, but few studies have investigated their repellent efficacy in vivo or under field conditions. Here, blanket-drags and standardised walks were employed to evaluate tick acquisition by 1 m2 cotton blankets or cotton trousers, respectively, in woodland edge habitats of known high tick abundance. Blankets and trousers had been treated with one of 5% oregano, rosemary, spearmint or thyme oils, 20% DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) (positive control) or ethanol excipient-only (negative control). The number of ticks present on the blankets or trousers differed significantly between treatments: spearmint oil treatments resulted in significantly fewer ticks than the negative controls for both blankets and trousers and significantly fewer ticks were present on the oregano oil treated blankets. For ticks that did attach to the trousers, the rate of drop off within 3 min was significantly higher for trousers treated with spearmint oil or thyme oil than ethanol, oregano oil and rosemary oil. No reduction in repellence was detected over a 24 h period between treatment and testing. The results suggest that 5% oregano and spearmint oils exhibit potential as natural clothing repellents, with an effective equivalence to 20% DEET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Soutar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK.
| | - Freya Cohen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Wall
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK
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Elmhalli F, Garboui SS, Borg-Karlson AK, Mozūraitis R, Baldauf SL, Grandi G. The repellency and toxicity effects of essential oils from the Libyan plants Salvadora persica and Rosmarinus officinalis against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2019; 77:585-599. [PMID: 31089978 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils extracted from the leaves of Libyan Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and Miswak (Salvadora persica L.) were evaluated for their acaricidal and repellent effects on Ixodes ricinus L. nymphs (Acari: Ixodidae) using a bioassay based on an 'open filter paper method'. Rosmarinus officinalis leaf essential oil diluted to 0.5 and 1 µl/cm2 in acetone exhibited, respectively, 20 and 100% tick mortality after about 5 h of exposure. A total of 50 and 95% of I. ricinus nymphs were killed by direct contact with the oil when exposed to lethal concentrations (LC) of 0.7 µl/cm2 (LC50) and 0.95 µl/cm2 (LC95), respectively. The LC50 (0.5 µl/cm2) was reached before the end of the first 24 h of exposure time (ET), as tick mortality at 24 h was 60%. Salvadora persica leaf essential oil at 1 µl/cm2 showed a significant repellency effect against I. ricinus nymphs at 1.5 h ET. A 95% repellency was observed at a repellent concentration (RC95) of 1 µl/cm2 of S. persica, but no significant mortality was recorded at this dose of S. persica oil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses showed that the main monoterpenes in both oils were 1,8-cineol, α-pinene, and β-pinene, although in markedly different proportions. These results suggest that essential oils have substantial potential as alternative approaches for I. ricinus tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzeia Elmhalli
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Environmental Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya.
| | - Samira S Garboui
- Department of Environmental Health, Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Public Health, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biochemistry and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra L Baldauf
- Department of Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Grandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Štefanidesová K, Špitalská E, Csicsay F, Friedländerová V, Šáner A, Škultéty Ľ. Evaluation of the possible use of genus Mentha derived essential oils in the prevention of SENLAT syndrome caused by Rickettsia slovaca. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:55-61. [PMID: 30529423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils and essential oil bearing medicinal and culinary plants have a long tradition of being used to combat infection, treat various conditions, and promote and restore health. Mint oils are traditionally applied to repel insects and treat various conditions including wounds, skin infections, inflammation, eczema, urticaria, psoriasis, scabies and insect bites. They are among essential oils promoted as a natural way to prevent tick-borne diseases and recommended as ingredients in various homemade repellent mixtures and tick-bite treatments. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three most common mint oils - peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.), cornmint (M. arvensis L.), and spearmint (M. spicata L.) on obligate intracellular tick-borne bacterium Rickettsia slovaca. MATERIALS AND METHODS Influence of mint oils on R. slovaca replication in Vero cells initially infected by lower (106) or higher (108) number of rickettsial particles was tested during in vitro cultivation with daily change of medium. qPCR and RT-qPCR based growth curves and linear mixed effect models were applied to evaluate the growth inhibition. Peppermint oil was further tested in pilot in vivo study on experimentally infected ticks. RESULTS Two of the tested essential oils, peppermint and cornmint, significantly inhibited rickettsial growth. On average, peppermint oil reduced the amount of rickettsiae present on day 4 post infection up to 0.05% of the rickettsial load present in the respective controls. Cornmint oil decreased the amount of rickettsiae to 0.09% of control. Peppermint oil also significantly reduced the number of living rickettsiae in artificially infected ticks. CONCLUSIONS Present study showed that essential oils with antimicrobial properties may also inhibit tick-transmitted bacteria, and thus their possible use as preventative measures against tick-borne diseases is worth further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Štefanidesová
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Špitalská
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Csicsay
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Matúškova 21, 833 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Friedländerová
- Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Matúškova 21, 833 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Šáner
- Central Control and Testing Institute in Agriculture, Matúškova 21, 833 16 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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Benelli G, Pavela R. Repellence of essential oils and selected compounds against ticks-A systematic review. Acta Trop 2018; 179:47-54. [PMID: 29287758 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ticks act as vectors of a wide range of infectious agents, far encompassing any other group of bloodsucking arthropods worldwide. The prevention of tick-borne diseases is strictly linked to the successful management of tick vector populations. The employ of repellents can represent a worth solution to avoid tick bites. It is widely adopted to protect travellers and pets exposed to ticks during limited periods of the year. The use of natural products as active ingredients in eco-friendly repellent formulations is currently a prominent research area, due to the wide diversity and high effectiveness of a number of plant-borne compounds, with special reference to essential oils (EOs) extracted from medicinal and aromatic species. Here, we reviewed current knowledge available on EOs tested as repellents against tick species of veterinary importance. Furthermore, we analysed the effectiveness of pure compounds isolated from EOs as tick repellents and their potential implications for practical use in the öreal world". A quantitative analysis of literature available is this research field was provided, along with its impact (i.e., in terms of citations over time) on the scientific community of researchers in tick control science and natural product chemistry. In the final sections, future outlooks are highlighted. We discussed major challenges to stabilize the most effective EOs and pure molecules, explore the synergistic and antagonistic effects in blends of EOs and/or pure constituents, standardize currently adopted testing methods, and evaluate non-target risks of herbal repellents.
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12
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In-vitro efficacy of a botanical acaricide and its active ingredients against larvae of susceptible and acaricide-resistant strains of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:201-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oil from Bupleurum bicaule Helm against Two Stored Product Insects. J CHEM-NY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/5830864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils obtained from many plants showed various kinds of insecticidal properties; some of them have been considered as alternative insecticides for pest control. The present study was aimed at determining the chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Bupleurum bicaule Helm, as well as evaluating the contact and repellent activities of the oil and four identified compounds against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 26 components were determined and the main compounds included trans-2-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en-8-one (25.9%), 4,5-dimethyl-1,2,3,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydrobiphenylene (23.5%), and 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene (4.3%). It was found that the essential oil exhibited contact toxicity against L. serricorne (LD50 = 11.91 μg/adult), but the contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila could not be observed. The essential oil also showed strong repellent activity against L. serricorne with percent repellency of 100% at 78.63 nl/cm2. Four chemical compounds, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene, bornyl acetate, (2E,4E)-2,4-nonadienal, and β-bisabolene, exhibited various levels of bioactivities. The experimental results indicated that the essential oil of B. bicaule and its individual compounds could be used in insecticidal and repellent strategies for stored product insects.
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El-Seedi HR, Azeem M, Khalil NS, Sakr HH, Khalifa SAM, Awang K, Saeed A, Farag MA, AlAjmi MF, Pålsson K, Borg-Karlson AK. Essential oils of aromatic Egyptian plants repel nymphs of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:139-157. [PMID: 28864886 PMCID: PMC5602041 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the role of Ixodes ricinus (L.) (Acari: Ixodidae) in the transmission of many serious pathogens, personal protection against bites of this tick is essential. In the present study the essential oils from 11 aromatic Egyptian plants were isolated and their repellent activity against I. ricinus nymphs was evaluated Three oils (i.e. Conyza dioscoridis L., Artemisia herba-alba Asso and Calendula officinalis L.) elicited high repellent activity in vitro of 94, 84.2 and 82%, respectively. The most active essential oil (C. dioscoridis) was applied in the field at a concentration of 6.5 µg/cm2 and elicited a significant repellent activity against I. ricinus nymphs by 61.1%. The most repellent plants C. dioscoridis, C. officinalis and A. herba-alba yielded essential oils by 0.17, 0.11 and 0.14%, respectively. These oils were further investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. α-Cadinol (10.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (10.5%) were the major components of C. dioscoridis whereas in C. officinalis, α-cadinol (21.2%) and carvone (18.2%) were major components. Artemisia herba-alba contained piperitone (26.5%), ethyl cinnamate (9.5%), camphor (7.7%) and hexadecanoic acid (6.9%). Essential oils of these three plants have a potential to be used for personal protection against tick bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R El-Seedi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El Kom, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nasr S Khalil
- Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Agricultural Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanem H Sakr
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, 32512, Egypt
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini St., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katinka Pålsson
- Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Ecological Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Štefanidesová K, Škultéty Ľ, Sparagano OA, Špitalská E. The repellent efficacy of eleven essential oils against adult Dermacentor reticulatus ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Schubert F, Pålsson K, Santangelo E, Borg-Karlson AK. Sulfate turpentine: a resource of tick repellent compounds. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 72:291-302. [PMID: 28589297 PMCID: PMC5547184 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Compounds with tick (Ixodes ricinus) repellent properties were isolated from sulfate turpentine consisting of Norway spruce (80%) and Scots pine (20%) from southern Sweden. The turpentine was divided into two fractions by distillation under reduced pressure resulting in one monoterpene hydrocarbon fraction and a residual containing higher boiling terpenoids. The monoterpene fraction was further oxidized with SeO2 to obtain oxygenated monoterpenes with potential tick repellent properties. The oxidized fraction and the high boiling distillation residual were each separated by medium pressure liquid chromatography. The fractions were tested for tick repellency and the compounds in those with highest tick repellency were identified by GC-MS. The fractions with highest repellency contained, mainly (-)-borneol, and mixtures of (+)- and (-)-1-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol. The enantiomers of borneol showed similar tick repellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Ecological Chemistry Group, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katinka Pålsson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Ecological Chemistry Group, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ellen Santangelo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Ecological Chemistry Group, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Ecological Chemistry Group, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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Myrtaceae Plant Essential Oils and their β-Triketone Components as Insecticides against Drosophila suzukii. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22071050. [PMID: 28672824 PMCID: PMC6152387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spotted wing drosophila (SWD, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), Diptera: Drosophilidae) is recognized as an economically important pest in North America and Europe as well as in Asia. Assessments were made for fumigant and contact toxicities of six Myrtaceae plant essential oils (EOs) and their components to find new alternative types of insecticides active against SWD. Among the EOs tested, Leptospermum citratum EO, consisting mainly of geranial and neral, exhibited effective fumigant activity. Median lethal dose (LD50; mg/L) values of L. citratum were 2.39 and 3.24 for males and females, respectively. All tested EOs except Kunzea ambigua EO exhibited effective contact toxicity. LD50 (µg/fly) values for contact toxicity of manuka and kanuka were 0.60 and 0.71, respectively, for males and 1.10 and 1.23, respectively, for females. The LD50 values of the other 3 EOs-L. citratum, allspice and clove bud were 2.11–3.31 and 3.53–5.22 for males and females, respectively. The non-polar fraction of manuka and kanuka did not show significant contact toxicity, whereas the polar and triketone fractions, composed of flavesone, isoleptospermone and leptospermone, exhibited efficient activity with the LD50 values of 0.13–0.37 and 0.22–0.57 µg/fly for males and females, respectively. Our results indicate that Myrtaceae plant EOs and their triketone components can be used as alternatives to conventional insecticides.
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Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2576548. [PMID: 28484501 PMCID: PMC5412162 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2576548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. This study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. The study also tested if the released amount of BITC could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. Twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh Miswak once, twice, and four times. The amount of BITC in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect of BITC and Miswak essential oil (MEO) was tested against Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was tested using MTT. The highest amount of the active compounds was detected in saliva after using the Miswak tip for once and immediately. It significantly decreased when the Miswak tip was used more than once and thus after 10 min. The growth of the tested bacteria was inhibited by MEO and BITC in a dose dependent manner, P. gingivalis being the most sensitive. MTT assay showed that BITC and MEO were cytotoxic towards gingival fibroblasts while oral keratinocytes showed resistance. This study suggests that the Miswak tip should be cut before each use to ensure the maximum effect.
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Cho KS, Lim YR, Lee K, Lee J, Lee JH, Lee IS. Terpenes from Forests and Human Health. Toxicol Res 2017; 33:97-106. [PMID: 28443180 PMCID: PMC5402865 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.2.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest bathing has beneficial effects on human health via showering of forest aerosols as well as physical relaxation. Terpenes that consist of multiple isoprene units are the largest class of organic compounds produced by various plants, and one of the major components of forest aerosols. Traditionally, terpene-containing plant oil has been used to treat various diseases without knowing the exact functions or the mechanisms of action of the individual bioactive compounds. This review categorizes various terpenes easily obtained from forests according to their anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, or neuroprotective activities. Moreover, potential action mechanisms of the individual terpenes and their effects on such processes, which are described in various in vivo and in vitro systems, are discussed. In conclusion, the studies that show the biological effectiveness of terpenes support the benefits of forest bathing and propose a potential use of terpenes as chemotherapeutic agents for treating various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Sang Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeseok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Center for Coupled Human and Natural Systems for Ecowelfare, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Purification of Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Essential Oil Using Macroporous Resin Followed by Microemulsion Encapsulation to Improve Its Safety and Antiviral Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020293. [PMID: 28212296 PMCID: PMC6155675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oil extracted from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (H. cordata) is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine due to its excellent biological activities. However, impurities and deficient preparations of the essential oil limit its safety and effectiveness. Herein, we proposed a strategy to prepare H. cordata essential oil (HEO) safely and effectively by combining the solvent extraction and the macroporous resin purification flexibly, and then encapsulating it using microemulsion. The extraction and purification process were optimized by orthogonal experimental design and adsorption-desorption tests, respectively. The average houttuynin content in pure HEO was then validated at 44.3% ± 2.01%, which presented a great potential for industrial application. Subsequently, pure HEO-loaded microemulsion was prepared by high-pressure homogenization and was then fully characterized. Results showed that the pure HEO-loaded microemulsion was successfully prepared with an average particle size of 179.1 nm and a high encapsulation rate of 94.7%. Furthermore, safety evaluation tests and in vitro antiviral testing indicated that the safety and activity of HEO were significantly improved after purification using D101 resin and were further improved by microemulsion encapsulation. These results demonstrated that the purification of HEO by macroporous resin followed by microemulsion encapsulation would be a promising approach for industrial application of HEO for the antiviral therapies.
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Jiang H, Wang J, Song L, Cao X, Yao X, Tang F, Yue Y. GC×GC-TOFMS Analysis of Essential Oils Composition from Leaves, Twigs and Seeds of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl and Their Insecticidal and Repellent Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:423. [PMID: 27043503 PMCID: PMC6274170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in essential oils with pesticidal activity against insects and pests is growing. In this study, essential oils from different parts (leaves, twigs and seeds) of Cinnamomum camphora L. Presl were investigated for their chemical composition, and insecticidal and repellent activities against the cotton aphid. The essential oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by GC×GC-TOFMS. A total of 96 components were identified in the essential oils and the main constituents found in the leaves and twigs were camphor, eucalyptol, linalool and 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene. The major components found in the seeds were eucalyptol (20.90%), methyleugenol (19.98%), linalool (14.66%) and camphor (5.5%). In the contact toxicity assay, the three essential oils of leaves, twigs and seeds exhibited a strong insecticidal activity against cotton aphids with LC50 values of 245.79, 274.99 and 146.78 mg/L (after 48 h of treatment), respectively. In the repellent assay, the highest repellent rate (89.86%) was found in the seed essential oil at the concentration of 20 μL/mL after 24 h of treatment. Linalool was found to be a significant contributor to the insecticidal and repellent activities. The results indicate that the essential oils of C. camphora might have the potential to be developed into a natural insecticide or repellent for controlling cotton aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Li Song
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xianshuang Cao
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xi Yao
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Feng Tang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yongde Yue
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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Kim SW, Lee HR, Jang MJ, Jung CS, Park IK. Fumigant Toxicity of Lamiaceae Plant Essential Oils and Blends of Their Constituents against Adult Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Molecules 2016; 21:361. [PMID: 26999084 PMCID: PMC6273776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To find a new and safe alternative to conventional insecticides, we evaluated the fumigant toxicity of eight Lamiaceae essential oils and their constituents against the adult rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Of the eight species tested, hyssop (Hyssopus offcinalis), majoram (Origanum majorana), and Thymus zygis essential oils showed strong fumigant toxicity against S. oryzae adults at 25 mg/L air concentration. Constituents of active essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 13, 15, and 17 compounds were identified from hyssop, majoram, and Thymus zygis essential oils, respectively. Pinocamphone and isopinocamphone were isolated by open column chromatography. Among the test compounds, pinocamphone and isopinocamphone showed the strongest fumigant toxicity against S. oryzae. Sabinene hydrate, linalool, α-terpineol, and terpinen-4-ol exhibited 100% fumigant toxicity against S. oryzae at 3.9 mg/L air concentration. The measured toxicity of the artificial blends of the constituents identified in hyssop, majoram, and Thymus zygis oils indicated that isopinocamphone, terpine-4-ol, and linalool were major contributors to the fumigant toxicity of the artificial blend, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Woong Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Hyo-Rim Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Myeong-Jin Jang
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 02455, Korea.
| | - Chan-Sik Jung
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul 02455, Korea.
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Pages F, Dautel H, Duvallet G, Kahl O, de Gentile L, Boulanger N. Tick Repellents for Human Use: Prevention of Tick Bites and Tick-Borne Diseases. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:85-93. [DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gérard Duvallet
- Université Paul-Valéry—UMR 5175 CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie fonctionnelle et évolutive, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Ludovic de Gentile
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Institut de biologie en santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- EA7290: Virulence bactérienne précoce, Groupe Borréliose de Lyme, Membre du Centre National de Référence Borrelia, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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