1
|
Wang M, Jin F, Tong X. From bench to bedside: The promising value of exosomes in precision medicine for CNS tumors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32376. [PMID: 38961907 PMCID: PMC11219334 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally present extracellular vesicles (EVs) released into the surrounding body fluids upon the fusion of polycystic and plasma membranes. They facilitate intercellular communication by transporting DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long non-coding RNA, circular RNA, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. They contribute to the onset and progression of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. In addition, they can be used as biomarkers of tumor proliferation, migration, and blood vessel formation, thereby affecting the Tumor Microenvironment (TME). This paper reviews the recent advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of exosomes in various CNS tumors, the promise and challenges of exosomes as natural carriers of CNS tumors, and the therapeutic prospects of exosomes in CNS tumors. Furthermore, we hope this research can contribute to the development of more targeted and effective treatments for central nervous system tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Hospital).266042, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoguang Tong
- Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hou C, Wu Q, Xu L, Cui R, Ou R, Li D, Xu Y. Exploiting the potential of extracellular vesicles as delivery vehicles for the treatment of melanoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1054324. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1054324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most aggressive skin cancer that originated from genetic mutations in the melanocytes, is still a troublesome medical problem under the current therapeutic approaches, which include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy and targeted therapy. Nanotechnology has significantly contributed to the development of cancer treatment in the past few years, among which extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer vesicles secreted from almost all cells that play essential roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In terms of melanoma therapy, the unique physicochemical properties of EVs make them promising nanocarriers for drug transportation compared to other synthetic nanocarriers. Moreover, EVs can be further engineered to maximize their drug delivery potential. Herein, in this minireview, we gave a brief overview of EV-based drug delivery strategies for melanoma therapy, in which different therapeutics delivered via EVs were summarized. We also highlighted the current progress of the EV-based delivery platform for melanoma therapy in clinical trials. The obstacles to applying exosomes in clinical practice toward further translation of EVs melanoma therapy were also discussed at the end. In summary, EVs offer promising prospects for melanoma therapy, whilst the ways for unlocking EVs’ full potential in melanoma therapies should be further investigated by solving relevant issues which hamper EVs-based melanoma therapy translation in the future.
Collapse
|
3
|
Westphal, M, Pantel K, Ricklefs FL, Maire C, Riethdorf S, Mohme M, Wikman H, Lamszus K. Circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles as liquid biopsy markers in neuro-oncology: prospects and limitations. Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:ii45-ii52. [PMID: 36380859 PMCID: PMC9650476 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For many tumor entities, tumor biology and response to therapy are reflected by components that can be detected and captured in the blood stream. The so called “liquid biopsy” has been stratified over time into the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTC), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and free circulating components such as cell-free nucleic acids or proteins. In neuro-oncology, two distinct areas need to be distinguished, intrinsic brain tumors and tumors metastatic to the brain. For intrinsic brain tumors, specifically glioblastoma, CTCs although present in low abundance, contain highly relevant, yet likely incomplete biological information for the whole tumor. For brain metastases, CTCs can have clinical relevance for patients especially with oligometastatic disease and brain metastasis in cancers like breast and lung cancer. EVs shed from the tumor cells and the tumor environment provide complementary information. Sensitive technologies have become available that are able to detect both, CTCs and EVs in the peripheral blood of patients with intrinsic and metastatic brain tumors despite the blood brain barrier. In reference to glioblastoma EVs, being shed by tumor cells and microenvironment and being more diffusible than CTCs may yield a more complete reflection of the whole tumor compared to low-abundance CTCs representing only a fraction of the multiclonal tumor heterogeneity. We here review the emerging aspects of CTCs and EVs as liquid biopsy biomarkers in neuro-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Westphal,
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hans-Dietrich Herrmann Laboratory for Brain Tumor Research , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University of Hamburg Medical Center Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Franz L Ricklefs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hans-Dietrich Herrmann Laboratory for Brain Tumor Research , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Cecile Maire
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hans-Dietrich Herrmann Laboratory for Brain Tumor Research , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University of Hamburg Medical Center Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Malte Mohme
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hans-Dietrich Herrmann Laboratory for Brain Tumor Research , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Institute for Tumor Biology, University of Hamburg Medical Center Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Katrin Lamszus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hans-Dietrich Herrmann Laboratory for Brain Tumor Research , Hamburg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong Y, Li H, Li P, Chen Y, Zhang M, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Luo G, Fang Y, Li X. Exosomes: A New Pathway for Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743556. [PMID: 34631581 PMCID: PMC8497983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are secreted into body fluids by multiple cell types and are enriched in bioactive molecules, although their exact contents depend on the cells of origin. Studies have shown that exosomes in the tumor microenvironment affect tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by mediating intercellular communication and the transport of specific molecules, although their exact mechanisms of action need to be investigated further. In this review, we have summarized current knowledge on the relationship between tumor drug resistance and exosomes, and have discussed the potential applications of exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunbin Zhong
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peiwen Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Dermatology Department, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhendong Yuan
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yufang Zhang
- Anyang Tumor Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Geng Luo
- Hand, Foot Vascular Surgery, Tungwah Hospital to Sun Yet-sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|