Effect of physical exercise on the activity of GOT isozyme in human plasma

Maternal physiological changes at rest induced by exercise during pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE

to analyse maternal physiological changes in several areas (cardiovascular, metabolic, renal and hepatic) related to the regular practice of a supervised exercise program.

METHODS

This is an unplanned secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial carried out in a single maternity unit in Madrid, Spain (NCT 02,756,143). From November 2014 to June 2015, 92 women were randomly assigned to perform a mild-moderate supervised exercise program during pregnancy (Intervention group, IG) or to continue with their routine pregnancy care (control group, CG). For the purpose of this study we collected clinical and analytical data (heart blood pressure, weight, blood glucose, AST, ALT, blood Creatinine and blood Uric acid) available from all obstetric visits and examined the differences between groups.

RESULTS

We did not find any differences in: pregnancy weight (IG: 11.4 ± 4.4 Kg vs. CG: 10.1 ± 5.3 Kg; p = 0.173); fasting glucose at 10⁺⁰-12⁺⁶ weeks (IG: 78.48±8.34 vs. CG: 76±13.26, p = 0.305) or at 34⁺⁰-36⁺⁴ weeks (IG: 73.25±10.27 vs CG: 73.45± 8.29,p = 0.920), and 50 gs glucose tolerance at 24⁺⁴-26⁺⁶weeks (IG: 116.23±35.07 vs CG: 116.36±25.98, p = 0.984); Aspartate-amino-transferase at 10⁺⁰-12⁺⁶ weeks (IG: 15.38±4.17 vs CG: 17.33±7.05, p = 0.124) and at 34⁺⁰-36⁺⁴ weeks (IG: 21.65±5.25 vs CG: 19.53±8.32, p = 0.165) or Alanine-amino- transferase at 10⁺⁰-12⁺⁶ weeks (IG: 27.50±10.63 vs CG: 28.27±11.77, p = 0.746) or at 34⁺⁰-36⁺⁴ weeks (IG: 22.93±9.23 vs CG: 20.84±13.49, p = 0.407); blood Creatinine concentrations at 34⁺⁰-36⁺⁴ weeks (IG: 0.595±0.401 vs CG: 0.575±0.100, p = 0.757) and blood uric acid concentrations at 34⁺⁰-36⁺⁴ weeks (IG: 3.526 ± 0.787 vs CG: 3.262±0.672, p = 0.218). Heart blood pressure was similar between groups except at 27⁺⁰-28⁺⁶ weeks, where systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the CG in comparison to the IG (116.31±10.8 mmHg vs. 120.22 ± 10.3 mmHg, p = 0.010).

CONCLUSION

Regular supervised exercise during pregnancy does not alter normal maternal physiology.

Investigating the Cellular and Metabolic Responses of World-Class Canoeists Training: A Sportomics Approach

(1) Background: We have been using the Sportomics approach to evaluate biochemical and hematological changes in response to exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic and hematologic responses of world-class canoeists during a training session; (2) Methods: Blood samples were taken at different points and analyzed for their hematological properties, activities of selected enzymes, hormones, and metabolites; (3) Results: Muscle stress biomarkers were elevated in response to exercise which correlated with modifications in the profile of white blood cells, where a leukocyte rise was observed after the canoe session. These results were accompanied by an increase in other exercise intensity parameters such as lactatemia and ammonemia. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol increased during the exercise sessions. The acute rise in both erythrocytes and white blood profile were probably due to muscle cell damage, rather than hepatocyte integrity impairment; (4) Conclusion: The cellular and metabolic responses found here, together with effective nutrition support, are crucial to understanding the effects of exercise in order to assist in the creation of new training and recovery planning. Also we show that Sportomics is a primal tool for training management and performance improvement, as well as to the understanding of metabolic response to exercise.

Exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and leakage of enzymes before and after vitamin E supplementation

1. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on serum levels of malondialdehyde following the acute exhaustive exercise in human, and to determine whether the magnitude of leakage of enzyme would be affected by vitamin E supplementation. 2. Increase of malondialdehyde after exercise before vitamin E supplementation was slight (but statistically significant), however after supplementation with vitamin E, malondialdehyde level after exercise was significantly decreased. 3. Leakage of enzyme was significantly increased after exercise before vitamin E supplementation, but it was lower following exercise after vitamin E supplementation. 4. Lipid peroxidation following a bout of acute heavy exercise can be inhibited by vitamin E supplementation.

Measurement of aminotransferases: Part 1. Aspartate aminotransferase

Aminotransferases are ubiquitous enzymes of mammalian cells and several are of important diagnostic use. The application of aspartate aminotransferase activity measurements in serum from individuals suffering from myocardial infarction brought about a new dimension in clinical laboratory testing in the 1950s. This review focuses on measurement techniques for aspartate aminotransferase and their application (a subsequent article will review other aminotransferases). Assay techniques measuring enzyme activity are direct spectrophotometric measurements, manometric techniques, assays using dye substances, coupled enzyme techniques, and radiometric procedures. Of these procedures, the one employing malate dehydrogenase and NADH is the most important and is covered in particular detail. The estimation of the mitochondrial isoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase is also of clinical interest, in particular for estimating severity of disease or in specific applications (e.g., chronic alcoholism). Methods reviewed for estimation of this enzyme are electrophoresis, chromatography, differential kinetic behavior, and immunochemical separation. Determination of the enzyme protein by techniques independent of its catalytic activity are also reviewed.