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Ricciardi R, Izzetti R, Romanelli M, Caramella D, Lucchi A, Benelli G. Echoentomography for Assessing Braconid Parasitization on Soft-Bodied Tephritid Hosts. INSECTS 2021; 12:980. [PMID: 34821781 PMCID: PMC8621329 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Entomological approaches currently available for assessing host parasitization require dissection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or waiting for adult emergence. The first two methods are relatively fast but destructive, whereas the third one allows the emergence of the parasitoid but it is time consuming. In this framework, new diagnostic imaging tools may contribute to solve the lack of an accurate, rapid, and non-invasive approach to evaluate the parasitization of soft-bodied insects by their endoparasitoids. In this study, ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) technology, which is currently used in medical and preclinical fields, was adopted to assess the parasitization of the invasive polyphagous Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), testing 2nd and 3rd instar larvae. Parasitization assays were carried out with the solitary koinobiont endophagous parasitoid Psyttalia concolor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae). The efficacy of UHFUS-based echoentomography was compared with the classical method of dissecting the larval host under a stereomicroscope. Our results showed that the UHFUS diagnostic capability was statistically comparable with that of dissection, both on C. capitata 2nd and 3rd larvae. Overall, UHFUS-based echoentomography may be further considered as a fast, non-invasive, and effective approach to evaluate the parasitoid's ability to successfully oviposit in soft-bodied hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Ricciardi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Rossana Izzetti
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Davide Caramella
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Andrea Lucchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (R.R.); (A.L.)
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Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Versus Computerized Tomography in Fat Graft Volumetric Analysis. Ann Plast Surg 2019; 80:293-296. [PMID: 28678028 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies evaluating fat grafting in mice have frequently used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as an accurate radiographic tool to measure longitudinal volume retention without killing the animal. Over the past decade, however, microultrasonography has emerged as an equally powerful preclinical imaging tool. Given their respective strengths in 3-dimensional reconstruction, there is no study to our knowledge that directly compares micro-CT with microultrasound in volumetric analysis. In this study, we compared the performance of micro-CT with microultrasound in the evaluation of adipose tissue graft volume in a murine model. Fifteen immunodeficient mice were given 200 μL of adipose tissue grafts. In vivo volumetric analysis of the grafts by micro-CT and microultrasound was conducted at discrete time points up to postoperative day 105. Three mice were killed at multiple time points, and explanted grafts were reimaged by CT and ultrasound, as mentioned previously. Analysis revealed that in vivo graft volumes measured by micro-CT do not differ significantly from those of microultrasound. Furthermore, both micro-CT and microultrasound were capable of accurately measuring fat grafts as in vivo volumes closely correlated with explanted volumes. Finally, ultrasound was found to yield improved soft tissue contrast compared with micro-CT. Therefore, either modality may be used, depending on experimental needs.
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Foster FS, Hossack J, Adamson SL. Micro-ultrasound for preclinical imaging. Interface Focus 2011; 1:576-601. [PMID: 22866232 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-invasive preclinical imaging has emerged as an important tool to facilitate biomedical discovery. Not only have the markets for these tools accelerated, but the numbers of peer-reviewed papers in which imaging end points and biomarkers have been used have grown dramatically. High frequency 'micro-ultrasound' has steadily evolved in the post-genomic era as a rapid, comparatively inexpensive imaging tool for studying normal development and models of human disease in small animals. One of the fundamental barriers to this development was the technological hurdle associated with high-frequency array transducers. Recently, new approaches have enabled the upper limits of linear and phased arrays to be pushed from about 20 to over 50 MHz enabling a broad range of new applications. The innovations leading to the new transducer technology and scanner architecture are reviewed. Applications of preclinical micro-ultrasound are explored for developmental biology, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. With respect to the future, the latest developments in high-frequency ultrasound imaging are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stuart Foster
- Sunnybrook and Health Sciences Centre , University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
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Experimental orthotopic prostate tumor in nude mice: techniques for local cell inoculation and three-dimensional ultrasound monitoring. Urol Oncol 2010; 30:330-8. [PMID: 20452251 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Orthotopic prostate cancer models are of great importance for cancer research. Orthotopic models in mice have been described previously. However, these studies lack a detailed methodological description and fail to define standards for local cell inoculation. Herein, we studied the effect of different protocols on tumor growth and report for the first time the use of high resolution ultrasound for monitoring of tumor growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthotopic inoculation of DU 145 MN1 prostate cancer cells was performed in 30 nude mice varying (1) the amount of cells (5 × 10(5) vs. 5 × 10(4)), (2) the number of puncture sites, and (3) the addition of matrigel. Surgical complications such as recoil of cells through the injection canal and rupture of the prostatic capsule were monitored. Animals were tracked by ultrasound imaging after 4, 5, and 6 weeks. Autopsy and histology confirmed local tumor growth. RESULTS A take rate of 27/30 (90%) was observed. Growth of orthotopic prostate tumors was increased after inoculation of a large amount of cells under the capsule of 1 dorsal prostate lobe, but inoculation of small amounts of cells still induced local tumors. Noninvasive ultrasound examination allowed to identify orthotopic tumor formation and to monitor tumor growth in vivo. Addition of matrigel did not accelerate tumor growth. Complications like recoil (6.8%) or rupture of the prostate capsule (1.4%) were rare. CONCLUSIONS Inoculation of DU 145 MN1 cells under the prostate capsule with a defined procedure results in very high take rates. Ultrasound screening is feasible to repetitively monitor tumor growth.
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Zhang W, Zhu J, Efferson CL, Ware C, Tammam J, Angagaw M, Laskey J, Bettano KA, Kasibhatla S, Reilly JF, Sur C, Majumder PK. Inhibition of tumor growth progression by antiandrogens and mTOR inhibitor in a Pten-deficient mouse model of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7466-72. [PMID: 19738074 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptors have been shown to play a critical role in prostate cancer. We used ultrasound imaging techniques to track tumor response to antiandrogen and rapamycin treatment in a prostate-specific Pten-deleted mouse model of cancer. Depletion of androgens by either surgical or chemical castration significantly inhibited tumor growth progression without altering the activation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). We also showed for the first time that targeting mTOR along with antiandrogen treatment exhibited additive antitumor effects in vivo when compared with single agents. Our preclinical data suggest that combination of antiandrogens with mTOR inhibitors might be more effective in treating androgen-dependent prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Zhang
- Department of Imaging, Merck Research Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Snyder CS, Kaushal S, Kono Y, Cao HST, Hoffman RM, Bouvet M. Complementarity of ultrasound and fluorescence imaging in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:106. [PMID: 19351417 PMCID: PMC2679761 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease characterized by dismal 5-year survival rates and limited treatment options. In an effort to provide useful models for preclinical evaluation of new experimental therapeutics, we and others have developed orthotopic mouse models of pancreatic cancer. The utility of these models for pre-clinical testing is dependent upon quantitative, noninvasive methods for monitoring in vivo tumor progression in real time. Toward this goal, we performed whole-body fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging to evaluate and to compare these noninvasive imaging modalities for assessing tumor burden and tumor progression in an orthotopic mouse model of pancreatic cancer. METHODS The human pancreatic cancer cell line XPA-1, engineered for stable, high-level expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP), was implanted into the pancreas of nude mice using orthotopic implantation. The tumors were allowed to grow over a period of one to several weeks during which time the mice were imaged using both fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging to measure tumor burden and to monitor tumor growth. RESULTS Whole-body fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging both allowed for the visualization and measurement of orthotopic pancreatic tumor implants in vivo. The imaging sessions were well-tolerated by the mice and yielded data which correlated well in the quantitative assessment of tumor burden. Whole-body fluorescence and two-dimensional ultrasound imaging showed a strong correlation for measurement of tumor size over a range of tumor sizes (R(2) = 0.6627, P = 0.003 for an exposure time of 67 msec and R(2) = 0.6553, P = 0.003 for an exposure time of 120 msec). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a complementary role for fluorescence imaging and ultrasound imaging in assessing tumor burden and tumor progression in orthotopic mouse models of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S Snyder
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sharmeela Kaushal
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Kono
- UCSD Department of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert M Hoffman
- UCSD Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bouvet
- Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
- UCSD Department of Surgery, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kiss P, Eltoum IE, Suranyi P, Zeng H, Simor T, Elgavish A, Elgavish GA. Virtual in vivo biopsy map of early prostate neoplasm in TRAMP mice by MRI. Prostate 2009; 69:449-58. [PMID: 19107856 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The noninvasive, early detection of Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN), a precancerous neoplasia of the prostate, would be highly desirable. In our experiments, we used TRAMP mice to model PIN in the range of grade 1 through grade 4. METHODS Contrast enhanced pixel-by-pixel R1 mapping of the prostate was used to detect areas with the different prostate neoplasia grades. After anesthesia, Gd(ABE-DTTA) was injected I.V. A series of MRI images with varying TI were then acquired to create R1 maps in a 2 mm transversal tomographic slice that included the prostate. After euthanasia and the excision of the prostate, a 2 mm slice, corresponding to the tomographic slice, was selected and prepared for histological analysis. The microscopic sections of this slice were scanned and analyzed along with the R1 maps. The R1 values were normalized to that measured in muscle tissue in each individual mouse to account for possible variations among the mice in contrast agent uptake (R1(norm)). The R1(norm) values and the histological grades in the corresponding areas were correlated. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the R1(norm) values measured in areas with grade 1-2 versus those observed in areas with grades 3-4. Also, a significant correlation was found between the area size of the ROIs differentiated by MRI, and those determined by histology. CONCLUSION This method has the potential for early noninvasive detection of developing prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pal Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0005, USA
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Morphologic changes of mammary carcinomas in mice over time as monitored by flat-panel detector volume computed tomography. Neoplasia 2008; 10:663-73. [PMID: 18592006 DOI: 10.1593/neo.08270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive methods are strongly needed to detect and quantify not only tumor growth in murine tumor models but also the development of vascularization and necrosis within tumors. This study investigates the use of a new imaging technique, flat-panel detector volume computed tomography (fpVCT), to monitor in vivo tumor progression and structural changes within tumors of two murine carcinoma models. After tumor cell inoculation, single fpVCT scans of the entire mice were performed at different time points. The acquired isotropic, high-resolution volume data sets enable an accurate real-time assessment and precise measurements of tumor volumes. Spreading of contrast agent-containing blood vessels around and within the tumors was clearly visible over time. Furthermore, fpVCT permits the identification of differences in the uptake of contrast media within tumors, thus delineating necrosis, tumor tissues, and blood vessels. Classification of tumor tissues based on the decomposition of the underlying mixture distribution of tissue-related Hounsfield units allowed the quantitative acquisition of necrotic tissues at each time point. Morphologic alterations of the tumor depicted by fpVCT were confirmed by histopathologic examination. Concluding, our data show that fpVCT may be highly suitable for the noninvasive evaluation of tumor responses to anticancer therapies during the course of the disease.
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Brockmann MA, Kemmling A, Groden C. Current issues and perspectives in small rodent magnetic resonance imaging using clinical MRI scanners. Methods 2007; 43:79-87. [PMID: 17720566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small rodents such as mice and rats are frequently used in animal experiments for several reasons. In the past, animal experiments were frequently associated with invasive methods and groups of animals had to be killed to perform longitudinal studies. Today's modern imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of multiple parameters. Although only a few institutions have access to dedicated small animal MR scanners, most institutions carrying out animal experiments have access to clinical MR scanners. Technological advances and the increasing field strength of clinical scanners make MRI a broadly available and viable technique in preclinical in vivo research. This review provides an overview of current concepts, limitations, and recent studies dealing with small animal imaging using clinical MR scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 61867 Mannheim, Germany.
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Beckmann N, Kneuer R, Gremlich HU, Karmouty-Quintana H, Blé FX, Müller M. In vivo mouse imaging and spectroscopy in drug discovery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2007; 20:154-85. [PMID: 17451175 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Imaging modalities such as micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET), high-resolution MRI, optical imaging, and high-resolution ultrasound have become invaluable tools in preclinical pharmaceutical research. They can be used to non-invasively investigate, in vivo, rodent biology and metabolism, disease models, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. The advantages and limitations of each approach usually determine its application, and therefore a small-rodent imaging laboratory in a pharmaceutical environment should ideally provide access to several techniques. In this paper we aim to illustrate how these techniques may be used to obtain meaningful information for the phenotyping of transgenic mice and for the analysis of compounds in murine models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolau Beckmann
- Discovery Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
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Renault G, Bonnin P, Marchiol-Fournigault C, Gregoire JM, Serrière S, Richard B, Fradelizi D. L’échographie haute résolution de la souris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 87:1937-45. [PMID: 17211308 DOI: 10.1016/s0221-0363(06)74179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small-animal ultrasound imaging has been made possible using high-resolution imaging devices. The spatial resolution is therefore sufficient to accurately measure anatomical parameters in mice. This paper reviews some of the main applications of high-resolution ultrasound imaging of the mouse and highlights what could be the forthcoming advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Renault
- Institut Cochin, Plate-forme d'imagerie du petit animal, 27, rue du faubourg-Saint-Jacques, Paris
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