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Ye P, Gu R, Zhu H, Chen J, Han F, Nie X. SOX family transcription factors as therapeutic targets in wound healing: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127243. [PMID: 37806414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The SOX family plays a vital role in determining the fate of cells and has garnered attention in the fields of cancer research and regenerative medicine. It also shows promise in the study of wound healing, as it actively participates in the healing processes of various tissues such as skin, fractures, tendons, and the cornea. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the SOX family's involvement in wound healing is limited compared to its role in cancer. Gaining insight into its role, distribution, interaction with other factors, and modifications in traumatized tissues could provide valuable new knowledge about wound healing. Based on current research, SOX2, SOX7, and SOX9 are the most promising members of the SOX family for future interventions in wound healing. SOX2 and SOX9 promote the renewal of cells, while SOX7 enhances the microvascular environment. The SOX family holds significant potential for advancing wound healing research. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest research advancements and therapeutic tools related to the SOX family in wound healing, as well as the potential benefits and challenges of targeting the SOX family for wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Rifang Gu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; School Medical Office, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Huan Zhu
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Jitao Chen
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Felicity Han
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- Key Lab of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China; Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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The effect of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Bone Rep 2021; 15:101117. [PMID: 34458509 PMCID: PMC8379440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2021.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone structure. Its treatment is directed at the processes of bone formation or resorption, that are of utmost importance in fracture healing. We provide a comprehensive review of the literature aiming to summarize and clarify the effects of osteoporosis and its treatment on fracture healing. Material and methods A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase (OVID version). In vivo animal and human studies on long bone fractures were included. A total of 93 articles were included for this review; 23 studies on the effect of osteoporosis (18 animal and 5 clinical studies) and 70 studies on the effect of osteoporosis treatment (41 animal, 26 clinical studies and 3 meta-analyses) on fracture healing. Results In animal fracture models osteoporosis was associated with decreased callus formation and bone growth, bone mineral density, biomechanical strength and delayed cellular and differentiation processes during fracture healing. Two large databases identified osteoporosis as a risk factor for non-union whereas three other studies did not. One of those three studies however found a prolonged healing time in patients with osteoporosis. Anti-osteoporosis medication showed inconsistent effects on fracture healing in both non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic animal models. Only the parathyroid hormone and anti-resorption medication were related to improved fracture healing and delayed remodelling respectively. Clinical studies performed in predominantly hip and distal radius fracture patients showed no effect of bisphosphonates on fracture healing. Parathyroid hormone reduced time to union in several clinical trials performed in mainly hip fracture patients, but this did not result in decreased delayed or non-union rates. Conclusion Evidence that substantiates the negative influence of osteoporosis on fracture healing is predominantly from animal studies and to a lesser extent from clinical studies, since convincing clinical evidence lacks. Bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone may be used during fracture healing, since no clear negative effect has been shown. Parathyroid hormone might even decrease time to fracture union, without decreasing union rate. Osteoporosis negatively influences fracture healing in animal models. There is no convincing evidence for a similar effect in humans. In animals, bisphosphonates delay bone remodelling In animals, parathyroid hormone improves fracture healing In humans, anti-osteoporotic drugs do not interfere with fracture healing.
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Tsuchie H, Emori M, Miyakoshi N, Nagasawa H, Okada K, Nanjyo H, Murahashi Y, Mizushima E, Shimizu J, Yamashita T, Shimada Y. Prognostic Impact of CD44 Expression in Patients With Myxofibrosarcoma. In Vivo 2020; 33:2095-2102. [PMID: 31662543 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Abnormal expression of CD44 may promote cancer invasion. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the expression of CD44 in soft tissue sarcoma such as myxofibrosarcoma. We evaluated the relationship between expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44s) and the clinical course of myxofibrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four myxofibrosarcoma patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patient information including the proportion of CD44s-positive cells was collected, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between CD44s expression and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS Although CD44s did not affect prognosis, multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of CD44s predicted poor event-free survival (p=0.004) and local recurrence (p=0.049). CD44s expression was not associated with the occurrence of distant metastasis but was significantly higher in those with lung metastasis (p=0.044). CONCLUSION Increased expression of CD44s predicted poor event-free survival and local recurrence and was observed in myxofibrosarcoma patients with lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjyo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Mizushima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junya Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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Cheng Z, Li A, Tu CL, Maria CS, Szeto N, Herberger A, Chen TH, Song F, Wang J, Liu X, Shoback DM, Chang W. Calcium-Sensing Receptors in Chondrocytes and Osteoblasts Are Required for Callus Maturation and Fracture Healing in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:143-154. [PMID: 31498905 PMCID: PMC7700777 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium and its putative receptor (CaSR) control skeletal development by pacing chondrocyte differentiation and mediating osteoblast (OB) function during endochondral bone formation-an essential process recapitulated during fracture repair. Here, we delineated the role of the CaSR in mediating transition of callus chondrocytes into the OB lineage and subsequent bone formation at fracture sites and explored targeting CaSRs pharmacologically to enhance fracture repair. In chondrocytes cultured from soft calluses at a closed, unfixed fracture site, extracellular [Ca2+ ] and the allosteric CaSR agonist (NPS-R568) promoted terminal differentiation of resident cells and the attainment of an osteoblastic phenotype. Knockout (KO) of the Casr gene in chondrocytes lengthened the chondrogenic phase of fracture repair by increasing cell proliferation in soft calluses but retarded subsequent osteogenic activity in hard calluses. Tracing growth plate (GP) and callus chondrocytes that express Rosa26-tdTomato showed reduced chondrocyte transition into OBs (by >80%) in the spongiosa of the metaphysis and in hard calluses. In addition, KO of the Casr gene specifically in mature OBs suppressed osteogenic activity and mineralizing function in bony calluses. Importantly, in experiments using PTH (1-34) to enhance fracture healing, co-injection of NPS-R568 not only normalized the hypercalcemic side effects of intermittent PTH (1-34) treatment in mice but also produced synergistic osteoanabolic effects in calluses. These data indicate a functional role of CaSR in mediating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the fracture callus and the potential of CaSR agonism to facilitate fracture repair. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Cheng
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Li
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian Santa Maria
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Szeto
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Herberger
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tsui-Hua Chen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fuqing Song
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jiali Wang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dolores M Shoback
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NCIRE, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Yamashita J, McCauley LK. Effects of Intermittent Administration of Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein on Fracture Healing: A Narrative Review of Animal and Human Studies. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10250. [PMID: 31844831 PMCID: PMC6894727 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates skeletal remodeling and is a potent anabolic agent in bone. PTH‐related protein (PTHrP) is anabolic acting on the same PTH1 receptor and is in therapeutic use for osteoporosis. The body of literature for PTH actions in fracture healing is emerging with promising yet not entirely consistent results. The objective of this review was to perform a literature analysis to extract up‐to‐date knowledge on the effects of intermittent PTH and PTHrP therapy in bone fracture healing. A literature search of the PubMed database was performed. Clinical case studies and articles related to “regeneration,” “implant,” and “distraction osteogenesis” were excluded. A narrative review was performed to deliberate the therapeutic potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. A smaller number of studies centered on the use of PTHrP or a PTHrP analog were also reviewed. Animal studies clearly show that intermittent PTH therapy promotes fracture healing and revealed the strong therapeutic potential of PTH. Human subject studies were fewer and not as consistent as the animal studies yet provide insight into the potential of intermittent PTH administration on fracture healing. Differences in outcomes for animal and human studies appear to be attributed partly to variable doses, fracture sites, age, remodeling patterns, and bone architectures, although other factors are involved. Future studies to examine the dose, timing, and duration of PTH administration will be necessary to further delineate the therapeutic potential of PTH for fracture healing in humans. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junro Yamashita
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fukuoka Dental College Fukuoka Japan
| | - Laurie K McCauley
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical School University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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Ban ZN, Li ZJ, Gu QS, Cheng J, Huang Q, Xing SX. Correlation of serum PTH level and fracture healing speed in elderly patients with hip fracture. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:361. [PMID: 31718681 PMCID: PMC6852715 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To access serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level in elderly patients with hip fracture in relation to fracture healing outcomes. Methods This study included 90 elderly male patients with hip fracture and they were defined as the hip fracture group, and they were divided into healing effective group and delayed healing group by final fracture healing outcomes, 45 cases in each group; another 45 male patients older than 70 years without established osteoporosis and hip fracture were included as the control group. The levels of serum PTH level were examined in each group. Results Serum PTH level was significantly higher in healing effective group patients at the 7 days and 14 days after fracture than the delayed healing patients. Conclusions Our results show that serum PTH level may be an effective indicator of hip fracture delayed healing risk in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Nan Ban
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Shan Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xing Xing
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, No.33 Ma Shi Street, Wen jiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Sheikh Z, Chen G, Al-Jaf F, Thévenin M, Banks K, Glogauer M, Young RN, Grynpas MD. In Vivo Bone Effects of a Novel Bisphosphonate-EP4a Conjugate Drug (C3) for Reversing Osteoporotic Bone Loss in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10237. [PMID: 31844825 PMCID: PMC6894726 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological bone loss is a regular feature of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and the microstructural changes along with the bone loss make the individual prone to getting hip, spine, and wrist fractures. We have developed a new conjugate drug named C3, which has a synthetic, stable EP4 agonist (EP4a) covalently linked to an inactive alendronate (ALN) that binds to bone and allows physiological remodeling. After losing bone for 12 weeks, seven groups of rats were treated for 8 weeks via tail‐vein injection. The groups were: C3 conjugate at low and high doses, vehicle‐treated ovariectomy (OVX) and sham, C1 (a similar conjugate, but with active ALN at high dose), inactive ALN alone, and a mixture of unconjugated ALN and EP4a to evaluate the conjugation effects. Bone turnover was determined by dynamic and static histomorphometry; μCT was employed to determine bone microarchitecture; and bone mechanical properties were evaluated via biomechanical testing. Treatment with C3 significantly increased trabecular bone volume and vertebral BMD versus OVX controls. There was also significant improvement in the vertebral load‐bearing abilities and stimulation of bone formation in femurs after C3 treatment. This preclinical research revealed that C3 resulted in significant anabolic effects on trabecular bone, and EP4a and ALN conjugation components are vital to conjugate anabolic efficacy. A combined therapy using an EP4 selective agonist anabolic agent linked to an inactive ALN is presented here that produces significant anabolic effects, allows bone remodeling, and has the potential for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis or other diseases where bone strengthening would be beneficial. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Sheikh
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Faik Al-Jaf
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Marion Thévenin
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Kate Banks
- Division of Comparative Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Physiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Robert N Young
- Department of Chemistry Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
| | - Marc D Grynpas
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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8
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Kang JH, Yang SM, Im SB, Jeong JH. Can Three Months of Teriparatide Be One of Treatment Options for Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Patients? Korean J Neurotrauma 2019; 15:19-27. [PMID: 31098345 PMCID: PMC6495587 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2019.15.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis is one of the most common causes of vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). Teriparatide, a recombinant human parathyroid hormone, is the first anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether 3 months of teriparatide could be effective for patients with osteoporotic VCF at the thoracolumbar spine. Methods We reviewed 25 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures between July 2012 and October 2016 who could be followed up for more than 1 year. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the use of teriparatide: 14 patients received teriparatide through subcutaneous injection (group I) and 11 patients did not receive teriparatide (group II). Demographic data, bone mineral density, hospitalization period, changes in the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, body mass index, and medical history such as smoking, alcohol, diabetes, and steroid usage were reviewed. Radiographs were also reviewed to evaluate vertebral body compression percentages and kyphotic angles. Results Overall changes of VAS score between injury and follow-up were statistically improved in both groups at 2 to 3 weeks post-injury. However, difference in VAS improvement at a specific time between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Overall kyphotic angle and compression percentage between injury and follow-up time were increased in group II than those in group I, although the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion Three-month of teriparatide did not show protective effects on progression of fractured vertebral body collapse or kyphotic changes in patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Soo Bin Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Je Hoon Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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Wu X, Qiu W, Hu Z, Lian J, Liu Y, Zhu X, Tu M, Fang F, Yu Y, Valverde P, Tu Q, Yu Y, Chen J. An Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Reduces Type 2 Diabetic Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2019; 98:313-321. [PMID: 30626266 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518818449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is twice as prevalent in diabetics as in nondiabetics, and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-associated periodontitis is severe in many cases due to the altered and aberrant functions of bone cells in hyperglycemic conditions. Therefore, developing an effective method to halt the disease process, as well as restore and regenerate lost alveolar bone to reserve the natural teeth in diabetics, is critically important. In the current study, we applied a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon (APR) in experimental periodontitis in diabetic animal models and demonstrated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that when APR systemically quenched the blood sugar level in diet-induced obesity (DIO) diabetic mice, it reduced osteoclast numbers and alveolar bone loss significantly due to APR's inhibition on osteoclast differentiation shown in our in vitro studies. APR also decreased the production of proinflammatory molecules CC chemokine ligand 2 and interleukin 6 in diseased gingival tissues. On the other hand, APR promoted alveolar bone regeneration through enhancing osteogenic differentiation and decreasing stromal cell-derived factor 1 in the bone marrow that facilitates stem cell migration. Same results were achieved by APR treatment of periodontitis induced in adiponectin (APN) knockout mice, indicating the ability of APR to activate the endogenous APN receptors to exert osteoanabolic effects. In summary, our study supports the notion that APR could be used as an effective multipronged approach to target T2D-associated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - W Qiu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Hu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lian
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Zhu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Fang
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Valverde
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Tu
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Yu
- 1 Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Chen
- 2 Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Kumabe Y, Lee SY, Waki T, Iwakura T, Takahara S, Arakura M, Kuroiwa Y, Fukui T, Matsumoto T, Matsushita T, Nishida K, Kuroda R, Niikura T. Triweekly administration of parathyroid hormone (1-34) accelerates bone healing in a rat refractory fracture model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:545. [PMID: 29268728 PMCID: PMC5740882 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some reports have shown that intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-34) treatment for patients with delayed union or nonunion have led to successful healing. In this study, we investigated whether systemic intermittent administration of PTH (1-34) has a beneficial effect on bone healing in a rat refractory fracture model. METHODS We created a refractory femoral fracture model in 32 rats with periosteal cauterization that leads to atrophic nonunion at 8 weeks after surgery. Half the rats received subcutaneous intermittent human PTH (1-34) injections at a dosage of 100 μg/kg, thrice a week for 8 weeks. The other half received the vehicle only. At 8 weeks after fracture, radiographic, histological and mechanical assessments were performed. RESULTS Radiographic assessments showed that the union rate was significantly higher in the PTH group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The degree of fracture repair as scored using the Allen grading system in histological assessment was significantly greater in the PTH group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The ultimate stress and stiffness measurements were significantly greater in the PTH group than in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that triweekly administration of PTH (1-34) increased union rate and accelerated bone healing in a rat refractory fracture model, suggesting that systemic administration of PTH (1-34) could become a novel and useful therapy for accelerating fracture healing in patients at high risk of delayed union or nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kumabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sang Yang Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takahiro Waki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Michio Arakura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yu Kuroiwa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takahiro Niikura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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11
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Kawano T, Miyakoshi N, Kasukawa Y, Hongo M, Tsuchie H, Sato C, Fujii M, Suzuki M, Akagawa M, Ono Y, Yuasa Y, Nagahata I, Shimada Y. Effects of combined therapy of alendronate and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on metaphyseal bone repair after osteotomy in the proximal tibia of glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia rats. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2017; 3:185-191. [PMID: 30775528 PMCID: PMC6372826 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment inhibits activation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), which is essential for osteoblast differentiation from stem cells. As a result, GC treatment results in bone loss, GC-induced osteoporosis (GIO), elevated fracture risk, and delayed bone healing. Bisphosphonates such as alendronate (ALN) are recommended for treating or preventing GIO, and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) facilitates fracture healing and maturation of regenerated bone. Combined therapy with ALN and LIPUS may stimulate cancellous bone healing in GIO rats. Here, we examined the effect of ALN and LIPUS on cancellous bone osteotomy repair in the proximal tibia of GIO rats. METHODS Prednisolone (10 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered for 4 weeks to induce GIO in 6-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Tibial osteotomy was then performed and daily subcutaneous injection of ALN (1-μg/kg body weight) was subsequently administered alone or in combination with LIPUS (20 min/day) for 2 or 4 weeks. RESULTS ALN significantly increased bone mineral density (BMD) at 2 and 4 weeks, and ALN + LIPUS significantly increased BMD at 4 weeks. Bone union rates were significantly increased after 2 and 4 weeks ALN and ALN + LIPUS treatment. Lastly, ALN and ALN + LIPUS significantly increased the proportion of Runx2 positive cells at 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS ALN monotherapy and combined ALN and LUPUS treatment augmented BMD and stimulated cancellous bone repair with increased Runx2 expression at the osteotomy site in GIO rats. However, the combined treatment had no additional effect on cancellous bone healing compared to ALN monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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12
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Hoffmann DB, Sehmisch S, Hofmann AM, Eimer C, Komrakova M, Saul D, Wassmann M, Stürmer KM, Tezval M. Comparison of parathyroid hormone and strontium ranelate in combination with whole-body vibration in a rat model of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Metab 2017; 35:31-39. [PMID: 26825660 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-016-0736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the combinatorial effects of whole-body vertical vibration (WBVV) with the primarily osteoanabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the mainly antiresorptive strontium ranelate (SR) in a rat model of osteoporosis. Ovariectomies were performed on 76 three-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats (OVX, n = 76; NON-OVX, n = 12). After 8 weeks, the ovariectomized rats were divided into 6 groups. One group (OVX + PTH) received daily injections of PTH (40 µg/kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks. Another group (OVX + SR) was fed SR-supplemented chow (600 mg/kg body weight/day). Three groups (OVX + VIB, OVX + PTH + VIB, and OVX + SR + VIB) were treated with WBVV twice a day at 70 Hz for 15 min. Two groups (OVX + PTH + VIB, OVX + SR + VIB) were treated additionally with PTH and SR, respectively. The rats were killed at 14 weeks post-ovariectomy. The lumbar vertebrae and femora were removed for biomechanical and morphological assessment. PTH produced statistically significant improvements in biomechanical and structural properties, including bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone quality. In contrast, SR treatment exerted mild effects, with significant effects in cortical thickness only. SR produced no significant improvement in biomechanical properties. WBVV as a single or an adjunctive therapy produced no significant improvements. In conclusion, vibration therapy administered as a single or dual treatment had no significant impact on bones affected by osteoporosis. PTH considerably improved bone quality in osteoporosis cases and is superior to treatment with SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - A M Hofmann
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - C Eimer
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D Saul
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Wassmann
- Medical Institute of General Hygiene and Environmental Health, University of Goettingen, Kreuzbergring No. 57, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - K M Stürmer
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M Tezval
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert Koch St. No. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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13
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Hu S, Liu CC, Chen G, Willett T, Young RN, Grynpas MD. In vivo effects of two novel ALN-EP4a conjugate drugs on bone in the ovariectomized rat model for reversing postmenopausal bone loss. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:797-808. [PMID: 26272313 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two alendronate-EP4 agonist (ALN-EP4a) conjugate drugs, C1 and C2, which differ in structure by a short linker molecule, were evaluated in ovariectomized (OVX) rats for their anabolic effects. We showed that C1 led to significant anabolic effects on cortical and trabecular bone while anabolic effects associated with C2 were minimal. INTRODUCTION EP4as were covalently linked to ALN to create ALN-EP4a conjugate anabolic bone drugs, C1 and C2, which differ in structure by a short linker molecule in C1. When administered systemically, C1 and C2 are delivered to bone through targeted binding of ALN, where local hydrolytic enzymes liberate EP4a from ALN to exert anabolic effects. Here, we compare effects of C1 to C2 in a curative in vivo study. METHODS Three-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were OVX or sham operated and allowed to lose bone for 3 months. Animals were then treated via tail vein injections for 3 months and sacrificed. Treatment groups were as follows: C1L (5 mg/kg biweekly), C1H (5 mg/kg weekly), C2L (15 mg/kg monthly), C2H (15 mg/kg biweekly), OVX and sham control (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) biweekly), and ALN/EP4a-unconjugated mixture (0.75 mg/kg each biweekly). RESULTS MicroCT analysis showed that C1H treatment significantly increased vertebral bone mineral density (vBMD) and trabecular bone volume versus OVX controls while C2 treatments did not. Biomechanical testing showed that C1H treatment but not C2 treatments led to significant improvement in the load bearing abilities of the vertebrae compared to OVX controls. C1 stimulated endocortical bone formation and increased load bearing in femurs, while C2 did not. CONCLUSIONS We showed that C1 led to significant anabolic effects on cortical and trabecular bone while anabolic effects associated with C2 were minimal. These results led us to hypothesize a mode of action by which presence of a linker is crucial in facilitating the anabolic effects of EP4a when dosed as a prodrug with ALN.
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MESH Headings
- Alendronate/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Bone Density/drug effects
- Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use
- Bone Remodeling/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Combinations
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods
- Female
- Humans
- Lumbar Vertebrae/drug effects
- Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy
- Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/physiopathology
- Ovariectomy
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/agonists
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/chemistry
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/therapeutic use
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Weight-Bearing/physiology
- X-Ray Microtomography/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - C C Liu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - G Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - T Willett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - R N Young
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M D Grynpas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada.
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.
- , 25 Orde St., Suite 417, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.
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Tsuchie H, Miyakoshi N, Kasukawa Y, Nishi T, Abe H, Segawa T, Shimada Y. The effect of teriparatide to alleviate pain and to prevent vertebral collapse after fresh osteoporotic vertebral fracture. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:86-91. [PMID: 25773046 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0646-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebral fracture is often seen in osteoporotic patients. Teriparatide is expected to promote bone union. Therefore, we evaluated the action of vertebral collapse prevention by administering teriparatide to vertebral fracture patients. Thirty-four patients with fresh vertebral fracture (48 vertebrae) participated in this study. They were administered either teriparatide (daily 20 µg/day or weekly 56.5 µg/week) or risedronate (17.5 mg/week): ten patients (20 vertebrae) received teriparatide daily (Daily group), 11 patients (15 vertebrae) received teriparatide weekly (Weekly group), and 13 patients (14 vertebrae) received risedronate (RIS group). We compared some laboratory examination items, visual analogue scale (VAS) of low back pain, vertebral collapse rate and local kyphotic angle, and the cleft frequency. In addition, we evaluated 22 vertebral fracture patients (24 vertebrae) who did not take any osteoporotic medicines (Control group). There was no significant difference in any of the scores at the start of treatment. At 8 and 12 weeks after the initial visit, VAS scores in the Daily and Weekly groups were significantly lower than in the RIS group (p < 0.05). At 8 and 12 weeks, the vertebral collapse rate and local kyphotic angle in the Daily group were significantly lower than in the RIS and Control groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), and those in the Weekly group were significantly lower than in the Control group (p < 0.05). The cleft frequency in the Daily group was significantly lower than in the RIS group (p < 0.05). Teriparatide is promising for the prevention of vertebral collapse progression after vertebral fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Nakadori General Hospital, 3-15, Misono-cho, Minami-dori, Akita, 010-8577, Japan.
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yuji Kasukawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
| | - Tomio Nishi
- Ugo Municipal Hospital, 44-5 Otomichi, Nishimonai, Ugo, 012-1131, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Abe
- Ugo Municipal Hospital, 44-5 Otomichi, Nishimonai, Ugo, 012-1131, Japan
| | - Toyohito Segawa
- Ugo Municipal Hospital, 44-5 Otomichi, Nishimonai, Ugo, 012-1131, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita, 010-8543, Japan
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