A Genetic Variant in Pre-miR-146a (rs2910164 C>G) Is Associated with the Decreased Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Chinese Population

The miRNA variants MIR196A2 (rs11614913) and MIR423 (rs6505162) contribute to an increase in the risk of myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression and play a key role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Recent studies have suggested that miRNAs contribute to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs and myocardial infarction (MI) remains in infancy.

AIM

The current study was designed to find out the association of SNPs in MIR196A2 and MIR423 (rs11614913 and rs6505162, respectively).

METHODS

Using Tetra-Primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS PCR) in 400 cases (MI patients) and 336 healthy controls. Using different inheritance models (co-dominant, homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and additive models), the association of these SNPs was genotyped with MI risk.

RESULTS

For variant rs11614913, significant distribution of the genotypes among the cases and controls was determined by co-dominant [χ2  = 29.19, 2; p value < 0.0001], dominant (C/C vs. C/T + T/T) [OR = 0.45 (0.34 to 0.61); p < 0.0001], recessive (T/T vs. C/T + C/C) [OR = 1.009 (0.63 to 1.63); p-value p value > 0.999], and additive models [OR = 0.65 (0.52 to 0.80); p value = 0.0001]. Similarly, a significant association of rs6505162 was determined by co-dominant [χ2  = 24.29, 2; p value < 0.0001], dominant (C/C vs. A/C+ A/A) [OR = 0.44 (0.32 to 0.61); p value < 0.0001], recessive (A/A vs. A/C + C/C) [OR = 1.29 (0.85 to 1.98); p value = 0.28], and additive models [OR = 0.65 (0.52 to 0.81); p value = 0.0001].

CONCLUSION

Therefore, the current study showed that both variants rs11614913 and rs6505162 are significantly associated with MI in the Pakistani population.

Study the association of microRNA polymorphisms (miR-146a, miR-4513) with the risk of coronary heart diseases in Egyptian population

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent cause of cardiovascular mortality in the world. It is well established that microRNAs (miRNAs) and their variants have an essential role in regulating the development of cardiovascular physiology, thus impacting the pathophysiology of heart diseases. This study was designed to determine the possible association of miRNA polymorphisms (miRNA-146a rs2910164C/G and miR-4513 rs2168518G/A) with susceptibility to CHD in Egyptian patients and their correlation with different biochemical parameters. The study comprised 300 participants, including 200 unrelated patients with CHD and 100 healthy controls. Anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were measured as well genetic analysis for rs2910164C/G and rs2168518G/A polymorphisms were performed for all subjects using TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Our results revealed that the biomedical parameters have a significant correlation between CHD patients and healthy controls with a p < 0.05. Analyses of genotype distribution for (rs2910164 and rs2168518) revealed a significant association with CHD [odd ratio = 4.54, confidence interval (CI 95%) = (2.41-8.53)] and [odd ratio = 0.88, (CI 95%) = (0.83-0.92)], respectively. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference was detected between lipid profile levels and both rs2910164 and rs2168518 polymorphisms. The present study's findings indicated that the selected polymorphisms, miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-4513 rs2168518 could represent a useful biomarker for susceptibility to CHD in the Egyptian population. These genetic characteristics and personal habits and environmental factors may contribute to the development of CHD.

MicroRNA-146: Biomarker and Mediator of Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the prime cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although noticeable progress has been made in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, there is still a critical demand for new diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic interventions to reduce this disease incidence. Many investigations have been conducted on the regulatory effects of microRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. miRNA circulating serum level changes are correlated with several CVDs. In addition, there is growing evidence representing the potential role of miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for CVD. Preliminary studies identified the prominent role of miR-146 in host defense, innate immunity, and different immunological diseases by regulating cytokine production and innate immunity modification in bacterial infections. However, more recently, it was also associated with CVD development. miR-146 has received much attention, with positive results in most studies. Research demonstrated the crucial role of this molecule in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease and related mechanisms. As a result, many potential applications of miR-146 are expected. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent studies highlighting the role of miR-146 in CVD, focusing on CAD (coronary artery disease), cardiomyopathy, and MI (myocardial infarction) in particular and discussing its current scientific state, and use a prognostic biomarker as a therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases.

Association of rs2910164 in miR-146a with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case-control and meta-analysis study

OBJECTIVE

Several studies have shown that miR-146a rs2910164 (C > G) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) susceptibility, but the results are still controversial. This study is divided into two parts, and one is to explore the relationship between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and the genetic susceptibility of T2DM in Chinese Han population. Second, a meta-analysis on the basis of a larger sample size was used to determine whether this is a susceptibility gene for T2DM.

METHODS

A case-control study including 574 T2DM patients and 596 controls was used to evaluate the association of miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism with the risk of T2DM in Chinese Han People. Then, we systematically searched studies investigating the correlation between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and T2DM susceptibility published before April 2022 from PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and a meta-analysis including six studies was carried out. The results were expressed by odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

RESULTS

In a case-control study, we found that there were no statistical differences in genotype frequencies between T2DM and control group. Subgroup analysis showed that, compared with the CC genotype, CG + GG genotype was associated with a decreased risk of T2DM in the subgroup of individuals ≥ 65 years old (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98; P _adjusted = 0.032) and BMI < 18.5 (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03-0.89; P _adjusted = 0.037). In overall meta-analysis, significant heterogeneity was detected. No significant association between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and T2DM was observed in all genetic models under random effects models. Subgroup analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in genotype frequencies between the T2DM and control group in recessive model (CC vs. CG + GG: OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.08-2.96; P_Q = 0.307, I ² = 4.0%) and homozygote model (CC vs. GG: OR = 1.79; 95% CI: 1.07-3.00; P_Q = 0.216, I ² = 34.7%) in Caucasians.

CONCLUSION

The results of our study demonstrate that the miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism might have ethnicity-dependent effects in T2DM and may be related to T2DM susceptibility in Caucasians.

Relationship of microRNA locus with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia. Accumulating investigations have explored the important role of hereditary factors for T2DM occurrence. Some functional microRNA (miR) polymorphisms may affect their interactions with target mRNAs and result in an aberrant expression. Thus, miR variants might be considered as a biomarker of the susceptibility of T2DM. In this study, we recruited 502 T2DM cases and 782 healthy subjects. We selected miR-146a rs2910164 C>G, miR-196a2 rs11614913 T>C and miR-499 rs3746444 A>G loci and carried out an investigation to identify whether these miR loci could influence T2DM occurrence. In this investigation, a Bonferroni correction was harnessed. After adjustment, we found that rs2910164 SNP was a protective factor for T2DM (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.010), especially in never drinking (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.001) and BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (GG vs CC/CG: adjusted P = 0.002) subgroups. We also identified that rs11614913 SNP was a protective factor for T2DM in smoking subjects (CC/TC vs TT: adjusted P = 0.002). When we analyzed an interaction of SNP-SNP with the susceptibility tof T2DM, rs11614913/rs3746444, rs2910164/rs3746444 and rs11614913/rs2910164 combinations were not associated with the risk of T2DM. In summary, this study highlights that rs2910164 SNP decreases the susceptibility of T2DM, especially in BMI ≥24 kg/m2 and never drinking subgroups. In addition, we also identify that rs11614913 C allele decreases the susceptibility of T2DM significantly in smoking subgroup.

Associations of the miRNA-146a rs2910164 and the miRNA-499a rs3746444 Polymorphisms With Plasma Lipid Levels: A Meta-Analysis

Background: The studies of miRNAs are vibrant and remain at the forefront in the cardiovascular system. Emerging studies indicate that the genetic polymorphisms of the miRNA gene may affect lipid metabolism; this study aims to clarify the specific correlations between the rs2910164 and rs3746444 polymorphisms and lipid levels.

Methods and Results: A comprehensive search of literature was performed from December 31, 2020, to May 31, 2021, by searching of the PubMed and the Cochrane databases. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to evaluate the differences in lipid levels between the genotypes. rs2910164, a functional polymorphism in the miRNA-146a gene, was associated with increased triglycerides (TG) (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.15–0.54, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.16–0.70, p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.11–0.63, p = 0.01) as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (SMD = −0.27, 95% CI = −0.47−0.07, p = 0.01) levels. rs3746444, a functional polymorphism in the miRNA-499a gene, was only correlated with decreased TG (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI = −0.17−0.01, P = 0.03) levels.

Conclusions: The miRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism is significantly associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia.

Association of microRNA gene polymorphisms with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with growing prevalence and increasing economic burden. Based on the role of genetics and epigenetic factors on T2DM, we aimed to carry a systematic review and meta-analysis for all miRNA gene polymorphisms and risk of T2DM.

Materials and Methods:

A computerized literature search was carried out on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, as well as references of relevant review/meta-analysis. Key search terms were “Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2,” “MicroRNAs,” and “Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide.” All types of observational studies from January 1, 1992, to November 30, 2019, were included, without language restriction. Data analysis was performed using R programming language (3.5.2). Level of heterogeneity was obtained by Cochran's Q test (P < 0.05), and subgroup analysis was performed based on ethnicity.

Results:

Thirty-two polymorphisms from fifteen articles were included. Meta-analysis was carried out based on minor allele frequencies. Seven studies with 2193 cases and 3963 controls were included for rs2910164 polymorphism. In subgroup analysis, there were significant results in Caucasian population in dominant model (odds ratio [OR] =1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.83–1.51), homozygote model (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.06–3.00), heterozygote model (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.03–3.05), and recessive model (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.07–2.96). Four studies with 2085 cases and 1933 controls were included for rs895819 polymorphism. Overall, there was no significant result for association with rs895819, but subgroup analysis revealed that minor allele significantly decreased the risk of T2DM in Caucasians by recessive model (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.18–0.66), dominant model (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.94), homozygote model (OR = 0.32; 95% CI: 0.16–0.62), heterozygote model (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19–0.74), allelic model (OR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.85).

Conclusion:

The minor allele of rs2910164 may increase the risk of T2DM by leading to lower level of miR-146a. In contrast, minor allele of rs895819 may decrease the risk of T2DM by leading to higher level of miR-27a.

Potential Impact of MicroRNA Gene Polymorphisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small (18–23 nucleotides), non-coding RNA molecules. They regulate the posttranscriptional expression of their target genes. MiRNAs control vital physiological processes such as metabolism, development, differentiation, cell cycle and apoptosis. The control of the gene expression by miRNAs requires efficient binding between the miRNA and their target mRNAs. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have suggested the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with certain diseases in various populations. Gene polymorphisms of miRNA target sites have been implicated in diseases such as cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular and Parkinson’s disease. Likewise, gene polymorphisms of miRNAs have been reported to be associated with diseases. In this review, we discuss the SNPs in miRNA genes that have been associated with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in different populations. We also discuss briefly the potential underlining mechanisms through which these SNPs increase the risk of developing these diseases.

Associations Between microRNA Polymorphisms and Development of Coronary Artery Disease: A Case-Control Study

Coronary artery disease (CAD), a common cardiovascular disease, has become a vital cause of mortality worldwide. Genetic microRNA (miR) polymorphisms might contribute to CAD susceptibility. In this study, we selected miR-146a, miR-196a2, and miR-499 single nucleotide polymorphisms and conducted a case-control study. In total, 505 CAD cases and 1109 controls were recruited. We used SNPscan™ genotyping assay to obtain genotyping of miR rs2910164, rs11614913, and rs3746444 variants. We found that miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C decreased the susceptibility of myocardial infarction (MI) (TC vs. TT: adjusted p = 0.007 and CC/TC vs. TT: adjusted p = 0.012). In female subgroup, our results indicated that miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C variants might also decrease the susceptibility of CAD (TC vs. TT: adjusted p = 0.017 and TC/CC vs. TT: adjusted p = 0.015). In summary, these results suggest that miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C locus decreases the susceptibility of CAD in female and MI subgroups. However, further studies are needed to validate the potential associations of miR-196a2 rs11614913 locus with CAD.

Micro-RNA 196a2 expression and miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism in T1DM: a pilot study

Background Recent emerging evidence supports the role of miR-196a2 in various human diseases. However, its role in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is still underestimated. We aimed, for the first time, to investigate the expression of miR-196a2 in T1DM and the association of miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism with susceptibility of T1DM in a sample of patients from Cairo, Egypt. Methods The study included 150 patients and 150 healthy subjects. Evaluation of rs11614913 genotypes and miR-196a2 expression was done using the allelic discrimination and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, respectively. Results The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) was detected among controls (p = 0.2). Our results revealed that the TT genotype was more frequent in patients (22.6%) than controls (10%) while the CC genotype was more frequent in controls (47.3%) than patients (39.3%) (p = 0.01). The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in patients than in controls (41.7 vs. 31.3%), while the C allele was more frequent in controls (p = 0.008). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the association of the TT genotype with T1DM remained significant (TT vs. CC, odds ration [OR] = 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-7.4, p = 0.005). Power analysis of the data yielded a statistical power of 80% for the miR-196a2 rs11614913 with T1DM. Relative expression of miR-196a2 showed significant decrease in patients compared to controls (median = 0.09, 0.5, interquartile range [IQR] = 0.03-1.6, 0.1-2.1). However, miR-196a2 expression showed no significant difference between different rs11614913 genotypes (p = 0.5). Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that miR-196a rs11614913 is associated with T1DM and decreased expression of miR-196a2 may play a role in pathogenesis of T1DM.

Associations between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms and risk of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases

BACKGROUND

Many studies investigated the association between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms and risk of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. However, the results were inconsistent.

METHODS

We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang databases for appropriate studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the associations. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and publication bias were conducted to measure the robustness of our findings.All analyses were based on previous published studies, thus, no ethical approval and patient consent are required.

RESULTS

We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms and risk of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. A total of 26 related studies involving 11,602 cases and 14,016 controls were identified and included in our meta-analysis. After considering the heterogeneity of the global analysis, we inferred that rs2910164 polymorphisms were associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) significantly in all genetic models. In addition, it was also found that the miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms were associated with the low risk of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in large sample size subgroup analysis.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphisms were significantly associated with a lower risk of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular. The miR-146a rs29101164 might be recommended as a predictor for susceptibility of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

Association of miR-146a Gene Polymorphism at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C with Susceptibility to Kawasaki Disease in Chinese Children

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the genetic association of miR-146a gene polymorphisms at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesions (CAL).

METHODS

There were 120 patients with KD and 126 healthy subjects in this study. The genotype of loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C of miR-146a gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing.

RESULTS

For miR-146a gene polymorphisms at loci rs2910164 G/C, rs57095329 A/G, and rs6864584 T/C, there were no significant difference of genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between KD group and healthy control group, or between the IVIG-resistant group and IVIG-sensitive group (P > 0.05). In KD with coronary artery lesions (KD-CAL) group, the genotype frequencies of GG were higher than that in KD without coronary artery lesion (KD-WO) group at locus rs2910164 G/C polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (χ² = 6.660, P = 0.036), patients with KD carried genotype of GG were at 3.636 times higher risk of getting coronary artery lesions than those of non-carriers (χ² = 6.455, P = 0.018, OR = 3.636, 95%CI = 1.280-10.262). While there was no significant difference of allele frequency of G and C between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group (P > 0.05). In KD-CAL group, the allele frequency of A was higher than that in KD-WO group at locus rs57095329 A/G polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (χ² = 4.745, P = 0.035), carriers with allele A were at 2.422 times higher risk of getting coronary artery lesions than those of non-carriers (χ² = 4.745, P = 0.035, OR = 2.422, 95%CI = 1.073-5.465), while there was no significant difference of genotype frequency of AA, AG, and GG types between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference of genotype frequencies of TT, TC, and CC types and allele frequencies of T and C types between KD-CAL group and KD-WO group at locus rs6864584 T/C polymorphisms of miR-146a gene (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The significant association has been found between the genotype and allele frequency of the miR-146a gene loci rs2910164 G/C and rs57095329 A/G, the genotype GG of rs2910164 G/C, and allele A of rs57095329 A/G were risk factors for getting coronary artery lesions.

miRNA Polymorphisms and Risk of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Recently extensive focus has been concentrated on the role of miRNAs in the initiation and progression of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs) which constitute a range of conditions including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs, especially coronary artery disease (CAD)), congenital heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs, especially the ischemic stroke (IS)). An increasing number of studies are evaluating the association between different miRNA polymorphisms and risk of CCDs, but results have been inconclusive. This study represents a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between miRNA polymorphisms and risk of CCDs. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were queried to identify eligible articles. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the association of miRNA polymorphisms with CCD susceptibility. A total of 51 eligible articles evaluating the association of 31 miRNA polymorphisms were identified. Meta-analysis was performed for six miRNA polymorphisms. miR-146a rs2910164 (30 studies: 13,186 cases/14,497 controls), miR-149 rs2292832 (Nine studies: 4116 cases/3511 controls), miR-149 rs71428439 (Three studies: 1556 cases/1567 controls), miR-196a2 rs11614913 (20 studies: 10,144 cases/10,433 controls), miR-218 rs11134527 (Three studies: 2,322 cases/2,754 controls) were not associated with overall CCD. miR-499 rs3746444 was associated with CCD (20 studies: 9564 cases/8876 controls). In the subgroups, rs2910164 and rs3746444 were only associated with CVDs, especially CAD. In conclusion, the results support the existence of a role for miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-499 rs3746444 in determining susceptibility to CCDs, especially CAD.

miR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphism is associated with coronary artery disease, but not with in-stent coronary restenosis

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of miRNA-146a G/C (rs2910164), and miRNA-196a2 C/T (rs11614913) polymorphisms with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or restenosis in patients with coronary stent.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The polymorphisms were determined in 218 patients with CAD who underwent coronary artery stenting (66 with restenosis and 152 without restenosis) and 611 healthy controls using 5' exonuclease TaqMan assays.

RESULTS

The distribution of both polymorphisms was similar in patients with and without restenosis. However, when the whole group of patients (with and without restenosis) was compared to healthy controls, under co-dominant, dominant and additive genetic models, the T allele of the miRNA-196a2 C/T (rs11614913) polymorphism was associated with increased risk of CAD (OR = 2.18, P_co-dom = 0.006, OR = 1.86, P_dom = 0.002, and OR = 1.52, P_add = 0.002, respectively). All models were adjusted for age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smoking habit. The "GT" haplotype was associated with increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.36, P = 0.046).

CONCLUSIONS

Our data suggests that the T allele of the miRNA-196a2 C/T (rs11614913) polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing CAD, but no association with restenosis was observed.

A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Microrna-196A2 and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Population

OBJECT

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that affect the sncRNA function and target gene expression to mediate the risk of certain diseases. The association between the miR-196a2 rs11614913 and ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) is still conflicting and inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed at analysing studies which have been done so far to get a more precise assessment of the association between the mutation and these two diseases.

METHODS

Electronic databases dated up to April 2018 were searched, retrieved and used. Revman 5.2 software and STATA version 12.0 were used for statistical analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify any potential associations. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted to measure the robustness of our findings.

RESULTS

The overall meta-analysis results showed that miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C polymorphism was significantly associated with CAD risk in certain genetic models, as well as in subgroup analysis (CC versus TT, OR = .43, 95%CI = .39-.47, P < .00001). However, no significant association was detected between the miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C and IS risk in all genetic models.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests that miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C may contribute to CAD susceptibility but further well-designed studies with larger sample size and comprehensive data are needed to confirm our findings and provide a profound conclusion.

Functional miRNA variants affect lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response

Background

Platinum-based chemotherapy is widely used as the first-line treatment of lung cancer. MicroRNAs have an important role in lung carcinogenesis and progression. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA involved in miRNA biogenesis and structural alteration may affect miRNA expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of functional miRNA variants with the lung cancer susceptibility and platinum-based chemotherapy response.

Methods

Nine genetic polymorphisms in miR-605, 146a, 149, 196a-2, 27a, 499, 30c-1, 5197 and let-7a-2 were selected with comprehensive collection strategy and genotyped by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in a total of 215 health control and 507 lung cancer patients (386 patients received at least two consecutive cycles of platinum-based chemotherapy).

Results

We found that an allele carriers of miR-146a rs2910164 (P=0.022, OR=1.315) and C allele carriers of miR-149 rs71428439 (P=0.042, OR=1.372) performance a high risk of lung cancer. Mir-30c-1 rs928508 (P=0.005, in recessive model) and let-7a-2 rs629367 (P=0.030 and P=0.021, in additive and dominant models, respectively) showed strong relationship with lung cancer risk in age under 57 years. The rs11614913 (miR-196a-2) C allele or rs9280508 (miR-30c-1) G allele carriers shown more sensitive to platinum both in additive (P=0.010, P=0.022, respectively) and dominant models (P=0.001, P=0.018, respectively).

Conclusions

These findings suggested that SNPs rs71428439 (miR-149), rs2910164 (miR-146a), rs928508 (mir-30c-1) and rs629367 (let-7a-2) were associated with the lung cancer prevalence, polymorphisms of rs11614913 (miR-196a-2) and rs9280508 (miR-30c-1) significantly influenced the patients' response to platinum-based chemotherapy, which may serve as potential clinical biomarkers to predict lung cancer risk and platinum-based chemotherapy response.

Interpreting the various associations of MiRNA polymorphisms with susceptibilities of cardiovascular diseases: Current evidence based on a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

To interpret the various associations between miRNA polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

METHODS

Literature search has identified relevant studies up to June 2016. A meta-analysis was performed followed the guidelines from the Cochrane review group and the PRISMA statement. Studies were identified by searching the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED and WHO clinical trials registry center. A meta-analysis has been done with a fixed/random-effect model using STATA 14.0, which also has been used to estimate the publication bias and meta-regression.

RESULTS

The results from 11 case-control studies were included. The miR-146a G/C makes a contribution to the causing of CVD as recessive genetic model. And the miR-499 G/A raised the risks of cardiomyopathy, however it could still accelerate the procedure of CVD combined with myocardial infraction. At this point, we consider that it could deepen the adverse of outcomes from coronary artery disease (CAD), but it's hard to draw an association between miR-499 G/A and CAD. At last the miR-196a2 T/C demonstrated a contrary role between development problem and metabolic issues, which protects the development procedure and impairs the metabolism to cause different disease phenotypes.

CONCLUSION

Despite inter-study variability, the polymorphisms from miR-146a, miR-499 and miR-196a2 have impacts on cardiovascular disease. Each type of miRNA has individual role in either cardiac development or the origins of CVD.

Significant association between functional microRNA polymorphisms and coronary heart disease susceptibility: a comprehensive meta-analysis involving 16484 subjects

Molecular epidemiological studies suggest that microRNA polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the results of these studies were inconsistent and inconclusive. To derive a more precise evaluation, we performed a meta-analysis focused on the associations between microRNA polymorphisms and CHD risk. PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to assess the association between microRNA-146a rs2910164, microRNA-196a2 rs11614913, microRNA-499 rs3746444 and microRNA-149 rs71428439 polymorphisms and CHD susceptibility. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were conducted to measure the robustness of our findings. A total of thirteen related studies involving 8,120 patients and 8,364 controls were analyzed. Significant associations between microRNA-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and CHD risk were observed in the total population, as well as in subgroup analysis. For microRNA-196a2 rs11614913 and microRNA-499 rs3746444, similarly increased risks were also found. In addition, no significant association was detected between microRNA-149 rs71428439 polymorphism and CHD risk. In conclusion, our meta-analyses suggest that microRNA polymorphisms may be associated with increased risk of CHD development.

Two Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (rs2431697 and rs2910164) of miR-146a Are Associated with Risk of Coronary Artery Disease

The coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNA-146a (miR-146a) influences the pathology of cardiovascular diseases. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miR-146a (rs2431697 and rs2910164) have been reported to alter the function or expression of microRNA. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between miR-146a gene polymorphism and the risk of CAD in the Chinese population. A total of 353 CAD patients and 368 controls were recruited, and SNPs were analyzed by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Sequenom MassARRAY system. The gene frequencies of rs2431697 and rs2910164 were significantly different between the two groups. The mutant type (T allele) of rs2431697 and wild type (C allele) of rs2910164 were more frequent in CAD patients. T allele carriers in rs2431697 had an increased CAD risk, while G allele of rs2910164 decreased the risk of CAD significantly. In conclusion, we found that the T allele of rs2431697 was a risk factor of CAD in the Chinese population. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the G allele of rs2910164 decreased the susceptibility of CAD.

Association between microRNA polymorphisms and coronary heart disease : A meta-analysis

The association between microRNA polymorphisms (miR polymorphisms) and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk has been studied intensively, but the results have been conflicting. Therefore, we conducted the present meta-analysis to obtain a more conclusive answer. We searched for eligible articles in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and CNKI. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to identify any potential associations. Ten case-control studies including 5,292 CHD patients and 5,446 control subjects were analyzed. The overall meta-analysis results showed that the miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism, the miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism, and the miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphism were all significantly associated with CHD risk in certain genetic models. Besides, the C allele of the miR-146a rs2910164 and miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphisms conferred increased susceptibility to CHD (C versus G, p < 0.0001, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.21; p = 0.003, OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.25). Overall, our findings suggest that the miR-146a rs2910164, miR-196a2 rs11614913, and miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphisms may be correlated with the risk of CHD.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism, and heart rate variability in coke oven workers

BACKGROUND

Exposure to ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV). Evidence accumulates that microRNAs (miRNAs) might be the intermediate factors between environmental exposures and their adverse health effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes may affect phenotypes and disease morbidity.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to investigate the influences of four well-studied SNPs in miRNA genes (rs2910164, rs11614913, rs2292832, and rs3746444) on HRV, and their modifying effects on the associations between PAH exposure and HRV.

METHODS

We measured the concentrations of ten urinary monohydroxy PAHs (OH-PAHs), seven HRV parameters, and genotypes of these four SNPs in 1222 coke oven workers.

RESULTS

There were significant differences among different rs2910164 genotype carriers in terms of all seven HRV indices: workers with rs2910164 CC genotype had significant lower HRV than those with GG or GC genotype (P<0.05). The number of rs2910164 C allele was negatively associated with HRV indices in the high PAH exposure group (β<0, P<0.05), and the association between rs2910164 and high-frequency (HF) power was significantly stronger in high exposure group (Pinteraction=0.042). Interestingly, the negative associations between the sum of 10 OH-PAHs and HRV (β<0, P<0.05) were significantly or marginally significantly stronger in workers with rs2910164 CC genotype (Pinteraction≤0.050).

CONCLUSIONS

Coke oven workers with miR-146a rs2910164 CC genotype may be more susceptible to decreased HRV. The modifying effect of rs2910164 on the PAHs-HRV associations suggested miR-146a may mediate the effects of PAH exposure on HRV.