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León-Reyes G, Argoty-Pantoja AD, Becerra-Cervera A, López-Montoya P, Rivera-Paredez B, Velázquez-Cruz R. Oxidative-Stress-Related Genes in Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040915. [PMID: 37107290 PMCID: PMC10135393 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by a decline in bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Free radicals and antioxidant systems play a central role in bone remodeling. This study was conducted to illustrate the role of oxidative-stress-related genes in BMD and osteoporosis. A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was computed in PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, EBSCO, and BVS from inception to November 1st, 2022. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist tool. A total of 427 potentially eligible articles exploring this search question were detected. After removing duplicates (n = 112) and excluding irrelevant manuscripts based on screenings of their titles and abstracts (n = 317), 19 articles were selected for full-text review. Finally, 14 original articles were included in this systematic review after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Data analyzed in this systematic review indicated that oxidative-stress-related genetic polymorphisms are associated with BMD at different skeletal sites in diverse populations, influencing the risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture. However, it is necessary to look deep into their association with bone metabolism to determine if the findings can be translated into the clinical management of osteoporosis and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe León-Reyes
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Anna D Argoty-Pantoja
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Becerra-Cervera
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
- National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Priscilla López-Montoya
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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Investigation of eNOS gene polymorphism exposes a genetic association between endothelial dysfunction and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 27:714-721. [PMID: 32187129 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association of genetic polymorphisms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene with endothelial dysfunction associated osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. METHODS The study involved 456 postmenopausal women having endothelial dysfunction categorized according to women with (n = 236) and without osteoporosis (n = 220). Bone mineral density (BMD) and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) were evaluated together with six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the eNOS gene (rs2070744, rs1799983, rs1800780, rs3918181, rs891512, and rs1808593). RESULTS A moderate association between RHI and BMD at femoral neck (r = 0.213, P = 0.002) and lumbar spine (r = 0.267, P < 0.001) was observed. Minor alleles C and T of SNPs rs2070744 and rs1799983 were associated with chances of osteoporosis in both co-dominant (odds ratio [OR] 2.13, P = 0.017; OR 2.77, P = 0.009) and dominant (OR 2.10, P = 0.011; OR 2.45, P = 0.007) modes, whereas minor allele A of SNP rs891512 showed marginal probability in dominant model (OR 1.68, P = 0.047). A susceptibility haplotype (CTAAAT) was observed within the eNOS gene which conferred 2.32 times higher chances of osteoporosis (OR 2.32, 95% confidence interval 1.18-4.54, P = 0.021) after adjusting for the effect of confounders. Genetic model analysis revealed that each copy of susceptibility haplotype increased the possibility of osteoporosis by a factor of 2.11 ± 0.63 (P < 0.001). RHI was significantly associated with susceptibility haplotype CTAAAT in a dose-dependent manner, whereby the severity of endothelial dysfunction increased significantly in women having two copies over women having one copy or no copy (β = 2.13, P < 0.001) of susceptibility haplotype. CONCLUSION A susceptibility haplotype CTAAAT within the eNOS gene is associated with double the possibility of endothelial dysfunction affiliated osteoporosis in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India.
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Genetic Scores of eNOS, ACE and VEGFA Genes Are Predictive of Endothelial Dysfunction Associated Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030972. [PMID: 33499313 PMCID: PMC7908366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the participation and contribution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) genes for the risk of endothelial dysfunction (ED)-associated osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women of Punjab, India. Women with ED were categorized into women with osteoporosis (n = 346) and women without osteoporosis (n = 330). They were examined for selected SNPs within eNOS, ACE and VEGFA genes. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive association of ED with bone mineral densities (BMDs) at femoral neck (r2 = 0.78, p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.001) after Bonferroni correction. Three susceptibility haplotypes were exposed within eNOS (CTAAAT), ACE (ACDG) and VEGFA (GATA) genes. Bearers of CTAAAT (OR 2.43, p = 0.007), ACDG (OR 2.50, p = 0.002) and GATA (OR 2.10, p = 0.009) had substantial impact for osteoporosis after correcting the effects with traditional risk factors (TRD).With uncertainty measure (R2h) and Akaike information criterion (AIC), best fit models showed that CTAAAT manifested in multiplicative mode (β ± SE: 2.19 ± 0.86, p < 0.001), whereas ACDG (β ± SE: 1.73 ± 0.54, p = 0.001) and GATA (β ± SE: 3.07 ± 0.81, p < 0.001) expressed in dominant modes. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve using weighted risk scores (effect estimates) showed substantial strength for model comprising TRD + GATA (AUC = 0.8, p < 0.001) whereas, model comprising TRD + GATA + CTAAAT exhibited excellent ability to predict osteoporosis (AUC = 0.824, p < 0.001)
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Murad HAS. L-Carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin in ovariectomized rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:43-53. [PMID: 26739525 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Statins' therapy in osteoporosis can aggravate muscle damage. This study was designed to assess which agent, L-carnitine or coenzyme Q10, could enhance the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Forty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were used; forty rats were ovariectomized while eight were sham-operated. Eight weeks post-ovariectomy, rats were divided into ovariectomized-untreated group and four ovariectomized-treated groups (n=8) which received by gavage (mg/(kg∙d), for 8 weeks) 17β-estradiol (0.1), atorvastatin (50), atorvastatin (50)+L-carnitine (100), or atorvastatin (50)+coenzyme Q10 (20). At the end of therapy, bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and serum levels of bone metabolic markers (BMMs) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Femurs were used for studying the breaking strength and histopathological changes. RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin+L-carnitine restored BMD, BMC, and bone strength to near normal levels. Estrogen therapy restored BMD and BMC to near normal levels, but failed to increase bone strength. Although atorvastatin and atorvastatin+coenzyme Q10 improved BMD, BMC, and bone strength, they failed to restore levels to normal. All treatments decreased BMMs and improved histopathological changes maximally with atorvastatin+L-carnitine which restored levels to near normal. Atorvastatin aggravated the ovariectomy-induced increase in CK level while estrogen, atorvastatin+L-carnitine, and atorvastatin+coenzyme Q10 decreased its level mainly with atorvastatin+L-carnitine which restored the level to near normal. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of L-carnitine, but not coenzyme Q10, enhances the anti-osteoporotic effect of atorvastatin while antagonizing myopathy in ovariectomized rats. This could be valuable in treatment of osteoporotic patients. However, further confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam A S Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Polymorphisms in neuropeptide genes and bone mineral density in Korean postmenopausal women. Menopause 2015; 22:1256-63. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kobayashi J, Ohtake K, Uchida H. NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases. Nutrients 2015; 7:4911-37. [PMID: 26091235 PMCID: PMC4488823 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability due to obesity and endothelial dysfunction might be causally related to the development of lifestyle-related diseases such as insulin resistance, ischemic heart disease, and hypertension. In such situations, instead of impaired NO synthase (NOS)-dependent NO generation, the entero-salivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway might serve as a backup system for NO generation by transmitting NO activities in the various molecular forms including NO and protein S-nitrosothiols. Recently accumulated evidence has demonstrated that dietary intake of fruits and vegetables rich in nitrate/nitrite is an inexpensive and easily-practicable way to prevent insulin resistance and vascular endothelial dysfunction by increasing the NO availability; a NO-rich diet may also prevent other lifestyle-related diseases, including osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cancer. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of NO generation through the entero-salivary pathway and discusses its safety and preventive effects on lifestyle-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Ohtake
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Uchida
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Clinical Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai University, Saitama 350-0295, Japan.
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Sakar MN, Atay AE, Demir S, Bakir VL, Demir B, Balsak D, Akay E, Ulusoy AI, Verit FF. Association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene G894T polymorphism and serum nitric oxide levels in patients with preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1907-11. [PMID: 25275587 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.971748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pregnancy-induced hypertension is one of the most important cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders are usually associated with diminished nitric oxide (NO) levels. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum NO levels and eNOS gene G894T polymorphism on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. METHODS Eighty patients with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia, and 80 healthy pregnants were enrolled to analyze serum NO levels and G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene. NO level was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS There was no significant difference between groups in terms of G894T/eNOS genotype and allele frequencies (p > 0.05). Serum NO levels were significantly lower in the patients group. In the control group, subjects with thymine-thymine (TT) genotype had significantly lower NO levels when compared to subjects with guanine-guanine (GG) or guanine-thymine (GT) genotype (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We failed to demonstrate an association between eNOS gene G894T polymorphism and serum NO levels in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorders. We established a relation between pregnancy-induced hypertension and low NO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Nafi Sakar
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Suleymaniye Maternity Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Engin Atay
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Bagcilar Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sureyya Demir
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Haseki Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Vuslat Lale Bakir
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Haseki Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bulent Demir
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Haseki Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Deniz Balsak
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , MH Diyarbakir Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital , Diyarbakir , Turkey , and
| | - Emrullah Akay
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Suleymaniye Maternity Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - A Ibrahim Ulusoy
- e Department of General Surgery , Suleymaniye Maternity Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ferda Verit
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Suleymaniye Maternity Education and Research Hospital , Istanbul , Turkey
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Singh M, Singh P, Singh S, Juneja PK, Kaur T. A susceptibility haplotype within the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene influences bone mineral density in hypertensive women. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:580-7. [PMID: 24213141 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the coordinated effect of various single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene on the risk of osteoporosis in hypertension has remained undetermined. Four pertinent SNPs of the eNOS gene, rs2070774, rs1799983, rs1800780 and rs3918181, were examined for the risk of osteoporosis in 313 hypertensive postmenopausal women in Northwest India. All the hypertensive women were verified with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and categorized as 150 with osteoporosis and 163 without osteoporosis. The minor allele (T) of rs1799983 exerts a statistically significant risk for osteoporosis both in dominant [odds ratio (OR) 3.71, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.12-6.49, P < 0.001] and recessive mode (OR 5.75, 95 % CI 1.24-26.69, P = 0.036) after Bonferroni correction. Bone mineral density (BMD) values (corrected for the effects of risk variables) according to eNOS SNP genotypes revealed a significant association with rs1799983 at both the lumbar spine (P = 0.001) and femoral neck (P = 0.023). Risk association analyses revealed a susceptibility haplotype TTAG which influences the risk of osteoporosis (OR 2.02, 95 % CI 1.05-3.39, P = 0.042) in hypertension after adjusting for the effects of risk factors. Furthermore, this haplotype was significantly associated with BMD at the lumbar spine (P = 0.029) and femoral neck (P = 0.021) in a dose-dependent manner. The results suggest that possession of the TTAG haplotype of the eNOS gene may increase the risk of osteoporosis two-fold in hypertensive postmenopausal women in Northwest India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Singh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
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Zhang HS, Li T, Liu XS, Wang FC, Yao X, Yan L, Liang WJ. Experimental study of the effect on bone metabolism and bone histomorphometry of osteoporosis rats with birdpecking and revolving moxibustion on twelve back-shu points. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 71:173-8. [PMID: 25151144 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the effect of birdpecking and revolving moxibustion on twelve back shenshu points on the bone metabolism and bone histomorphometry of osteoporosis rats. The 50 female rats of 8 months old that did not pregnant were collected and randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, moxibustion group, moxibustion and estrogen group, and estrogen group. All the rats, except for the rats in the sham-operation group, received ovarian surgery to establish the models. After 10 days postoperatively (healing), the rats received moxibustion and estrogen therapy. According to the different groups, the rats received rat femur in vivo bone mineral density assessment at 90 days after surgery. After that, the rats were sacrificed, and then the left femoral bones were collected for bone histomorphometry test; blood was taken for bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) testing, and urine was collected for hydroxyproline testing. The urine hydroxyproline was tested once at 24 h after ovarian surgery. At 24 h after ovarian surgery, the urine hydroxyproline in the ovariectomy group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operation group (P < 0.05), indicating that after ovarian surgery, the collagen broke down which accelerated the process of osteoporosis. After the intervention therapy with moxibustion and estrogen, the BALP, urinary hydroxyproline and femoral bone histomorphometry were comparatively analyzed, and the results showed that the intervention groups were higher than the model group (P < 0.05). But when compared with the sham-operation group, the indexes in the intervention groups were decreased, and the differences were significant (P < 0.05), indicating that intervention could only delay the incidence of osteoporosis. The Chinese traditional measure of "birdpecking and revolving moxibustion on twelve back-shu points" can effectively prevent the recession of bone metabolism of osteoporosis rats, and slow down the degeneration of bone morphology, which can be used to delay the incidence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shi Zhang
- Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1035 Boshuo Road, Changchun Net Month National High and New Technology Industry Development District, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China,
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Karami R, Hosseini M, Khodabandehloo F, Khatami L, Taiarani Z. Different effects of L-arginine on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized female mice. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2012; 12:1016-23. [PMID: 22135151 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The roles of gonadal hormones and nitric oxide (NO) on the analgesic effects of morphine, tolerance to morphine, and their interactions have been widely investigated. In the present study, the effect of L-arginine (an NO precursor) on morphine tolerance in sham and ovariectomized (OVX) female mice was investigated. METHODS Forty mice were divided into sham and OVX groups. On the first day, a hot plate test ((55±0.2) °C; cut-off 30 s) was carried out as a base record 15 min before injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) and was repeated every 15 min after injection. The sham group was then divided into two subgroups: sham-tolerance-L-arginine (Sham-Tol-LA) and sham-tolerance-saline (Sham-Tol-Sal) which received either L-arginine 50 mg/kg (intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or saline 10 ml/kg (i.p.), respectively, three times in a day for three consecutive days. Morphine tolerance was induced in animals by injecting 30 mg/kg morphine (s.c.) three times/day for three days. This treatment was also used for OVX subgroups. On the fifth day, the hot plate test was repeated. The analgesic effect of morphine was calculated as the maximal percent effect (MPE). The results were compared using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS There was no significant difference in MPE between the OVX and sham groups. The MPEs in both the Sham-Tol-Sal and OVX-Tol-Sal groups were lower than those in both the sham and OVX groups (P<0.01). The MPE in the OVX-Tol-Sal group was greater than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group (P<0.01). The MPE in the Sham-Tol-LA group was higher than that in the Sham-Tol-Sal group (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the Sham-Tol-LA and sham groups or between the OVX-Tol-LA and OVX-Tol-Sal groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study showed that repeated administration of morphine causes tolerance to the analgesic effect of morphine. L-arginine could prevent tolerance to morphine but its effect was different in the presence of ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Karami
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Fields Enhance Rat Osteoblast Differentiation and Mineralization by Activating Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2010.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Relationships between COL2A1 gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis in Han Chinese women. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:2377-81. [PMID: 21088911 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationships between two COL2A1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; T2088C and G4006A) and osteoarthritis (OA) in Han Chinese women. One hundred and twenty OA women and 120 control women were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood. The COL2A1 polymorphisms T2088C and G4006A were analyzed by TaqMan assay. The levels of plasma N-propetide of type IIA collagen (PIIANP) and urinary C-telopeptide of type IIA collagen (CTX-II) were determined by ELISA. The level of plasma PIIANP significantly decreased in the OA group, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), with 15.6±4.2 ng/ml (Mean±SD) in the OA group and 30.2±7.8 ng/ml in the control group. The level of urinary CTX-II significantly increased in the OA group, compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), with 201.4±10.2 ng/ml in the control group and 250.8±15.6 ng/ml in the OA group. There was no difference in the T2088C genotypes between the OA and control groups. The G4006A AA homozygous genotype significantly increased in the OA patients, when compared with that in the control women (P<0.05, χ2), with 24.2% (29/120) in the OA group and 10.0% (12/120) in the control group; The A allele accounted for 49.2% (118/240) in the OA group and 35.8% (86/240) in the control group. Among the G4006A genotypes, the plasma PIIANP level of the AA genotype (16.4±6.6 ng/ml) was significantly lower than those of the GG genotype (28.6±4.2 ng/ml) and GA genotype (21.5±8.0 ng/ml) while the urinary CTX-II level of the AA genotype (255.2±18.4 ng/ml) significantly increased, compared with those of the GG genotype (218.4±13.2 ng/ml) and GA genotype (221.2±15.6 ng/ml). The haplotype analysis shows that T-G was a protective factor for OA and that T-A was a risk factor. The AA genotype, A allele and T-A may increase the risk of OA in the Han Chinese women while T-G may protect these women from OA.
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