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Liu D, Wu Q, Liu H, Lu C, Gu C, Kuca K, Wu W. Effects of Montmorillonite on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Oxidative Stress of Red-Crowned Crane ( Grus japonensis) Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Feed. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:626-632. [PMID: 32713330 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200726221126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is one of the most vulnerable bird species in the world. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by fungi and considered naturally unavoidable contaminants in animal feed. Our recent survey indicated that the mycotoxins had the potential to contaminate redcrowned crane's regular diets in China. OBJECTIVE This experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effects of mycotoxin binder montmorillonite (Mont) on growth performance, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress parameters of the red-crowned crane. METHODS 16 red-crowned cranes were divided into four groups and fed one of the following diets; a selected diet, regular diet, or the selected diet or regular diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added to the diets. The cranes' parameters of performance, hematology, serum biochemistry and serum oxidative stress were measured. RESULTS Consuming regular diets decreased the average daily feed intake (ADFI), levels of haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count (PLT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT), but increased the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The supplementation of 0.5% Mont provided protection for the red-crowned crane in terms of feed intake, serum biochemistry and oxidative stress. Moreover, Mont supplementation had no adverse effect on the health of red-crowned crane. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggested that the addition of dietary Mont is effective in improving the health of red-crowned crane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Liu
- Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing 210023, China,College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jinzhou 434025, China,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,
China,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Hongyi Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changhu Lu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chao Gu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,
China
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,
China,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
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An update on T-2 toxin and its modified forms: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism, and human exposure assessment. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3645-3669. [PMID: 32910237 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxin, and it exerts potent toxic effects, including immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity. Recently, several novel metabolites, including 3',4'-dihydroxy-T-2 toxin and 4',4'-dihydroxy-T-2 toxin, have been uncovered. The enzymes CYP3A4 and carboxylesterase contribute to T-2 toxin metabolism, with 3'-hydroxy-T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin as the corresponding primary products. Modified forms of T-2 toxin, including T-2-3-glucoside, exert their immunotoxic effects by signaling through JAK/STAT but not MAPK. T-2-3-glucoside results from hydrolyzation of the corresponding parent mycotoxin and other metabolites by the intestinal microbiota, which leads to enhanced toxicity. Increasing evidence has shown that autophagy, hypoxia-inducible factors, and exosomes are involved in T-2 toxin-induced immunotoxicity. Autophagy promotes the immunosuppression induced by T-2 toxin, and a complex crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy exists. Very recently, "immune evasion" activity was reported to be associated with this toxin; this activity is initiated inside cells and allows pathogens to escape the host immune response. Moreover, T-2 toxin has the potential to trigger hypoxia in cells, which is related to activation of hypoxia-inducible factor and the release of exosomes, leading to immunotoxicity. Based on the data from a series of human exposure studies, free T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-4-glucuronide should be considered human T-2 toxin biomarkers in the urine. The present review focuses on novel findings related to the metabolism, immunotoxicity, and human exposure assessment of T-2 toxin and its modified forms. In particular, the immunotoxicity mechanisms of T-2 toxin and the toxicity mechanism of its modified form, as well as human T-2 toxin biomarkers, are discussed. This work will contribute to an improved understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of T-2 toxin and its modified forms.
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Red-Crowned Crane ( Grus japonensis) Reproduction Was Improved by Inhibiting Mycotoxins with Montmorillonite in Feed. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030191. [PMID: 32197419 PMCID: PMC7150818 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) is a vulnerable bird species. Mycotoxins are toxic substances produced by filamentous fungi and are considered as naturally unavoidable contaminants in animal feed. Our recent survey indicated that feeds designed for captive red-crowned cranes were contaminated with mycotoxins. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of the mycotoxin binder montmorillonite on the reproductive behavior, sex hormone levels, and egg quality of red-crowned cranes. Twelve pairs of G. japonensis were divided into four groups, and each group was fed one of the following: a selected diet (with extra low levels of mycotoxins), a regular diet, a selected diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added, or a regular diet with 0.5% montmorillonite added. Consumption of the regular diet decreased courtship and mating behaviors, testosterone concentration, egg weight, and shell thickness. However, feed supplementation with montmorillonite increased the courtship, mating behaviors and testosterone concentration during the pre-breeding period, as well as egg weight and shell thickness. These findings suggest that the addition of dietary montmorillonite is effective for controlling mycotoxins in the feed, resulting in improvements in reproductive behaviors, testosterone concentrations, and some egg quality parameters of the red-crowned crane.
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Zhang X, He K, Fang Y, Cao T, Paudyal N, Zhang XF, Song HH, Li XL, Fang WH. Dual flow immunochromatographic assay for rapid and simultaneous quantitative detection of ochratoxin A and zearalenone in corn, wheat, and feed samples. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 19:871-883. [PMID: 30387337 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A one-step dual flow immunochromatographic assay (DICGA), based on a competitive format, was developed for simultaneous quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEN) in corn, wheat, and feed samples. The limit of detection for OTA was 0.32 ng/ml with a detection range of 0.53‒12.16 ng/ml, while for ZEN it was 0.58 ng/ml with a detection range of 1.06‒39.72 ng/ml. The recovery rates in corn, wheat, and feed samples ranged from 77.3% to 106.3% with the coefficient of variation lower than 15%. Naturally contaminated corn, wheat, and feed samples were analyzed using both DICGA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the correlation between the two methods was evaluated using a regression analysis. The DICGA method shows great potential for simple, rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective quantitative detection of OTA and ZEN in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.,Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke He
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yun Fang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Tong Cao
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Narayan Paudyal
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Zhejiang Academy of Science and Technology for Inspection and Quarantine, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hou-Hui Song
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Li
- Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Huan Fang
- China-Australian Joint Laboratory for Animal Health Big Data Analytics, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.,Zhejiang University Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Role of neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P in anorexia induction following oral exposure to the trichothecene T-2 toxin. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lin X, Shao W, Yu F, Xing K, Liu H, Zhang F, Goldring MB, Lammi MJ, Guo X. Individual and combined toxicity of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on human C-28/I2 and rat primary chondrocytes. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:343-353. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xialu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Wanzhen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Fangfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Ke Xing
- Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Health Science Center; Xi’an Jiaotong University; Xi’an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Huan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Feng'e Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
| | - Mary B. Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - Mikko J. Lammi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology; University of Umeå; Umeå Sweden
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, School of Public Health, Health Science Center; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710061 China
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Abstract
The red-crowned crane is one of the rarest crane species, and its population is decreasing due to loss of habitat, poisoning, and infections. Using a viral metagenomics approach, we analyzed the virome of feces from wild and captive red-crowned cranes, which were pooled separately. Vertebrate viruses belonging to the families Picornaviridae, Parvoviridae, Circoviridae, and Caliciviridae were detected. Among the members of the family Picornaviridae, we found three that appear to represent new genera. Six nearly complete genomes from members of the family Parvoviridae were also obtained, including four new members of the proposed genus “Chapparvovirus”, and two members of the genus Aveparvovirus. Six small circular DNA genomes were also characterized. One nearly complete genome showing a low level of sequence identity to caliciviruses was also characterized. Numerous viruses believed to infect insects, plants, and crustaceans were also identified, which were probably derived from the diet of red-crowned cranes. This study increases our understanding of the enteric virome of red-crowned cranes and provides a baseline for comparison to those of other birds or following disease outbreaks.
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Hua R, Cui D, Liu J, You Y, Jia T. Next-generation sequencing yields the complete mitogenome of red-crowned crane ( G. japonensis). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:556-557. [PMID: 33474238 PMCID: PMC7799631 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1467220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitogenome sequence of red-crowned crane (G. japonensis) has been decoded by next-generation sequencing and genome assembly. The assembled mitogenome, consisting of 16,727 bp, has unique 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs genes. The complete mitogenome provides essential and important DNA molecular data for further phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis for red-crowned crane phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Duoying Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Beijing, China
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