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Sánchez-Cazorla E, González-Atienza C, López-Vázquez A, Arruti N, Nieves-Moreno M, Noval S, Mena R, Rodríguez-Jiménez C, Rodríguez-Solana P, González-Iglesias E, Guerrero-Carretero M, D’Anna Mardero O, Coca-Robinot J, Acal JC, Blasco J, Castañeda C, Fraile Maya J, Del Pozo Á, Gómez-Pozo MV, Montaño VEF, Dios-Blázquez LD, Rodríguez-Antolín C, Gómez-Cano MDLÁ, Delgado-Mora L, Vallespín E. Whole-Exome Sequencing of 21 Families: Candidate Genes for Early-Onset High Myopia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15676. [PMID: 37958660 PMCID: PMC10649067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High myopia is the most severe and pathological form of myopia. It occurs when the spherical refractive error exceeds -6.00 spherical diopters (SDs) or the axial length (AL) of the eye is greater than 26 mm. This article focuses on early-onset high myopia, an increasingly common condition that affects children under 10 years of age and can lead to other serious ocular pathologies. Through the genetic analysis of 21 families with early-onset high myopia, this study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the role of genetics in this disease and to propose candidate genes. Whole-exome sequencing studies with a panel of genes known to be involved in the pathology were performed in families with inconclusive results: 3% of the variants found were classified as pathogenic, 6% were likely pathogenic and the remaining 91% were variants of uncertain significance. Most of the families in this study were found to have alterations in several of the proposed genes. This suggests a polygenic inheritance of the pathology due to the cumulative effect of the alterations. Further studies are needed to validate and confirm the role of these alterations in the development of early-onset high myopia and its polygenic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloísa Sánchez-Cazorla
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Carmen González-Atienza
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Mena
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Eva González-Iglesias
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
| | - Marta Guerrero-Carretero
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Oriana D’Anna Mardero
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Javier Coca-Robinot
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Juan Carlos Acal
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Joana Blasco
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Carlos Castañeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Fraile Maya
- Department of Ophthalmology, IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (N.A.); (M.N.-M.); (S.N.); (M.G.-C.); (O.D.M.); (J.C.-R.); (J.C.A.); (J.B.); (C.C.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Ángela Del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - María V. Gómez-Pozo
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía De Dios-Blázquez
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Antolín
- Clinical Bioinformatics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.D.-B.); (C.R.-A.)
| | - María de Los Ángeles Gómez-Cano
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Luna Delgado-Mora
- Clinical Genetics Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, CIBERER, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.L.Á.G.-C.); (L.D.-M.)
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Molecular Ophthalmology Section, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.-C.); (C.G.-A.); (R.M.); (C.R.-J.); (P.R.-S.); (E.G.-I.); (M.V.G.-P.); (V.E.F.M.)
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Kazmierczak de Camargo JP, Prezia GNDB, Shiokawa N, Sato MT, Rosati R, Beate Winter Boldt A. New Insights on the Regulatory Gene Network Disturbed in Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy-Beyond Classical Gene Candidates. Front Genet 2022; 13:886461. [PMID: 35656327 PMCID: PMC9152281 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.886461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD) is a rare hereditary disease that mainly affects the macula, resulting in progressive and usually profound visual loss. Being part of congenital retinal dystrophies, it may have an autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance and, until now, has no effective treatment. Given the shortage of genotypic information about the disease, this work systematically reviews the literature for CACD-causing genes. Three independent researchers selected 33 articles after carefully searching and filtering the Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Mutations of six genes (PRPH2, GUCA1A, GUCY2D, CDHR1, ABCA4, and TTLL5) are implicated in the monogenic dominant inheritance of CACD. They are functionally related to photoreceptors (either in the phototransduction process, as in the case of GUCY2D, or the recovery of retinal photodegradation in photoreceptors for GUCA1A, or the formation and maintenance of specific structures within photoreceptors for PRPH2). The identified genetic variants do not explain all observed clinical features, calling for further whole-genome and functional studies for this disease. A network analysis with the CACD-related genes identified in the systematic review resulted in the identification of another 20 genes that may influence CACD onset and symptoms. Furthermore, an enrichment analysis allowed the identification of 13 transcription factors and 4 long noncoding RNAs interacting with the products of the previously mentioned genes. If mutated or dysregulated, they may be directly involved in CACD development and related disorders. More than half of the genes identified by bioinformatic tools do not appear in commercial gene panels, calling for more studies about their role in the maintenance of the retina and phototransduction process, as well as for a timely update of these gene panels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Nazaré de Barros Prezia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe and Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Naoye Shiokawa
- Retina and Vitreo Consulting Eye Clinic, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mario Teruo Sato
- Retina and Vitreo Consulting Eye Clinic, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Ophthalmol/Otorhinolaryngology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Rosati
- Post-Graduation Program in Biotechnology Applied to Child and Adolescent Health, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe and Pelé Pequeno Príncipe Research Institute, Curitiba, Brazil
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Li Y, Pan Q, Gu YS. Phenotype-genotype correlation with Sanger sequencing identified retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) compound heterozygous variants in a Chinese family with Leber congenital amaurosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:421-429. [PMID: 28471114 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous retinal dystrophy. To date, 22 genes are known to be responsible for LCA, and some specific phenotypic features could provide significant prognostic information for a potential genetic etiology. This study is to identify gene variants responsible for LCA in a Chinese family using direct Sanger sequencing, with the help of phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS A Chinese family with six members including two individuals affected with LCA was studied. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination. Based on phenotype-genotype correlation, direct Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the candidate gene on all family members and normal controls. Targeted next-generation sequencing was used to exclude other known LCA genes. RESULTS By Sanger sequencing, we identified two novel missense variants in the retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) gene: a c.164C>A transversion predicting a p.T55K substitution, and a c.535C>G transversion predicting a p.H179D substitution. The two affected subjects carried both RDH12 variants, while their parents and offspring carried only one of heterozygous variants, showing complete cosegregation of the variants. The compound heterozygous variants were not present in 600 normal controls. Besides, the RDH12 variants were confirmed by targeted next-generation sequencing. CONCLUSIONS The RDH12 compound heterozygous variants might be the cause of the LCA family. Our study adds to the molecular spectrum of RDH12-related retinopathy and offers an effective example of the power of phenotype-genotype correlations in molecular diagnosis of LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yang-Shun Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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