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Papasavvas I, Tugal-Tutkun I, Herbort CP. Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Current Immunomodulatory/Immunosuppressive Therapy of Non-Infectious and/or Immune-Mediated Choroiditis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040398. [PMID: 35455395 PMCID: PMC9031533 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-infectious choroiditis comprises immune-mediated diseases resulting from diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. These conditions are sub-divided into two main groups, (1) diseases of the choriocapillaris and (2) diseases of the choroidal stroma. The purpose of this study is to expose the pathophysiology of the most common diseases of both these groups and recommend the optimal immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapy of each analyzed condition based on literature data and data from our own centers. Material and Methods: Narrative review. In the group of choriocapillaritis entities or primary inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (PICCPs) including multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), idiopathic multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and serpiginous choroiditis (SC), as well as secondary choriocapillaritides including acute syphilitic posterior multifocal placoid chorioretinitis (ASPMPC) and tuberculosis-related SC (TB-SC), were analyzed. In the group of stromal choroidites, HLA-A29 birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease were included. For each entity a literature search, in the PubMed database, on treatment was performed and analyzed and the therapeutic attitudes of our own centers were presented. Management of immune-mediated choroiditis implies vigorous immunosuppressive therapy given in a prompt and prolonged fashion in most of these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papasavvas
- Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Rue Charles-Monnard 6, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34093, Turkey;
| | - Carl P. Herbort
- Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Rue Charles-Monnard 6, CH-1003 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
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Wu XH, Fang JW, Huang YQ, Bai XF, Zhuang Y, Chen XY, Lin XH. Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:911-920. [PMID: 33150774 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes, including 60 patients without DPN (NDPN group) and 30 patients with DPN (DPN group), and 30 healthy participants (normal group) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc. The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN. RESULTS The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average ((101.07± 12.40) µm vs. (111.07±6.99) µm and (109.25±6.90) µm), superior quadrant ((123.00±19.04) µm vs. (138.93±14.16) µm and (134.47±14.34) µm), and inferior quadrant ((129.37±17.50) µm vs. (143.60±12.22) µm and (144.48±14.10) µm), and the differences were statistically significant. The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar, and the AUCs were 0.739 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.635-0.826), 0.683 (95% CI 0.576-0.778), 0.755 (95% CI 0.652-0.840), and 0.773 (95% CI 0.672-0.854), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%. CONCLUSIONS The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yin-Qiong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xia-Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Fatima Ali PZ, Ghafar-Zadeh E. A Visual Distortion Sensing Model for Early Detection of Macular Disorders. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:2380-2383. [PMID: 33018485 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9175938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to model the deformations that occur in the retina due to macular disorders such as Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In this model, the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) covered with cones and rods is considered as a uniform layer of known pixels. The projected image on these pixels is perceived as per this model. Furthermore, this model can efficiently be used to generate the test patterns for an accurate and efficient method for monitoring macular disorder. In this proposed model, two major geometric shapes of retinal deformation are taken into account. Both colourful and grayscale images are employed to estimate the perceived images under various circumstances and inputs. Based on these results, the proposed model can be used for the assessment of the progression of macular disorders.Clinical relevance-Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), Field of view (FOV), Visual Distortion (VD).
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Zhang S, Liu W, Yang Y, Sun K, Li S, Xu H, Yang M, Zhang L, Zhu X. TMEM30A deficiency in endothelial cells impairs cell proliferation and angiogenesis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225052. [PMID: 30814335 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) asymmetry in the eukaryotic cell membrane is maintained by a group of proteins belonging to the P4-ATPase family, namely, PS flippases. The folding and transporting of P4-ATPases to their cellular destination requires a β-subunit member of the TMEM30 protein family. Loss of Tmem30a has been shown to cause multiple disease conditions. However, its roles in vascular development have not been elucidated. Here, we show that TMEM30A plays critical roles in retinal vascular angiogenesis, which is a fundamental process in vascular development. Our data indicate that knockdown of TMEM30A in primary human retinal endothelial cells led to reduced tube formation. In mice, endothelial cell (EC)-specific deletion of Tmem30a led to retarded retinal vascular development with a hyperpruned vascular network as well as blunted-end, aneurysm-like tip ECs with fewer filopodia at the vascular front and a reduced number of tip cells. Deletion of Tmem30a also impaired vessel barrier integrity. Mechanistically, deletion of TMEM30A caused reduced EC proliferation by inhibiting VEGF-induced signaling. Our findings reveal essential roles of TMEM30A in angiogenesis, providing a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China.,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Kuanxiang Sun
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China.,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mu Yang
- Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China .,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, China .,Institute of Chengdu Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610072, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, China.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610212, China
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