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Cao Y, Zheng H, Zhu Z, Yao L, Tian W, Cao L. Clinical and Genetic Spectrum in a Large Cohort of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Mov Disord 2024; 39:651-662. [PMID: 38291924 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing-based molecular assessment has benefited the diagnosis of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) subtypes. However, the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP due to large fragment deletions/duplications has yet to be fully defined. OBJECTIVE We aim to better characterize the clinical phenotypes and genetic features of HSP and to provide new thoughts on diagnosis. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed in patients with clinically suspected HSP, followed by multiple ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) sequentially carried out for those with negative findings in known causative genes. Genotype-phenotype correlation analyses were conducted under specific genotypes. RESULTS We made a genetic diagnosis in 60% (162/270) of patients, of whom 48.9% (132/270) had 24 various subtypes due to point mutations (SPG4/SPG11/SPG35/SPG7/SPG10/SPG5/SPG3A/SPG2/SPG76/SPG30/SPG6/SPG9A/SPG12/SPG15/SPG17/SPG18/SPG26/SPG49/SPG55/SPG56/SPG57/SPG62/SPG78/SPG80). Thirty patients were found to have causative rearrangements by MLPA (11.1%), among which SPG4 was the most prevalent (73.3%), followed by SPG3A (16.7%), SPG6 (3.3%), SPG7 (3.3%), and SPG11 (3.3%). Clinical analysis showed that some symptoms were often related to specific subtypes, and rearrangement-related SPG3A patients seemingly had later onset. We observed a presumptive anticipation among SPG4 and SPG3A families due to rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS Based on the largest known Asian HSP cohort, including the largest subgroup of rearrangement-related pedigrees, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the clinical and genetic spectrum of HSP. We propose a diagnostic flowchart to sequentially detect the causative genes in practice. Large fragment mutations account for a considerable proportion of HSP, and thus, MLPA screening acts as a beneficial supplement to routine WES. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital of Anhui Province, Suzhou, China
| | - Wotu Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Neurological Rare Disease Biobank and Precision Diagnostic Technical Service Platform, Shanghai, China
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2
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Coller J, Ignatova Z. tRNA therapeutics for genetic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:108-125. [PMID: 38049504 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have a crucial role in protein synthesis, and in recent years, their therapeutic potential for the treatment of genetic diseases - primarily those associated with a mutation altering mRNA translation - has gained significant attention. Engineering tRNAs to readthrough nonsense mutation-associated premature termination of mRNA translation can restore protein synthesis and function. In addition, supplementation of natural tRNAs can counteract effects of missense mutations in proteins crucial for tRNA biogenesis and function in translation. This Review will present advances in the development of tRNA therapeutics with high activity and safety in vivo and discuss different formulation approaches for single or chronic treatment modalities. The field of tRNA therapeutics is still in its early stages, and a series of challenges related to tRNA efficacy and stability in vivo, delivery systems with tissue-specific tropism, and safe and efficient manufacturing need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Coller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Wen Y, Yang L, Shen G, Dai S, Wang J, Wang X. A novel splicing mutation identified in a DMD patient: a case report. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1261318. [PMID: 38054185 PMCID: PMC10694253 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1261318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD, ORPHA:98896) is a lethal X-linked recessive disease that manifests as progressive muscular weakness and wasting. Mutations in the dystrophy gene (DMD) are the main cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Case presentation This study aims to determine novel mutations of DMD and help preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for family planning. Here present a 4-year-old Chinses boy with DMD, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed to identify the molecular basis of the disease. It was confirmed that the boy carried a novel hemizygous mutation of NC_000023.11(NM_004006.3): c.5912_5922 + 19delinsATGTATG in DMD which inherited from his mother. This led to the aberrant splicing of DMD which demonstrated by a minigene splicing assay and further resulted in the impairment of the dystrophy protein. Conclusions Our study discovered a novel splicing mutation of DMD in a DMD patient, which expands the variant spectrum of this gene and provide precise genetic diagnosis of DMD for timely therapy. Meanwhile, this finding will supply valuable information for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Yang
- Department of Urology & Pelvic Surgery, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Berntsson SG, Matsson H, Kristoffersson A, Niemelä V, van Duyvenvoorde HA, Richel-van Assenbergh C, van der Klift HM, Casar-Borota O, Frykholm C, Landtblom AM. Case report: a novel deep intronic splice-altering variant in DMD as a cause of Becker muscular dystrophy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1226766. [PMID: 37795243 PMCID: PMC10546389 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1226766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a male patient who was ultimately diagnosed with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD; MIM# 300376) after the onset of muscle weakness in his teens progressively led to significant walking difficulties in his twenties. A genetic diagnosis was pursued but initial investigation revealed no aberrations in the dystrophin gene (DMD), although immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis suggested the diagnosis of dystrophinopathy. Eventually, after more than 10 years, an RNA analysis captured abnormal splicing where 154 nucleotides from intron 43 were inserted between exon 43 and 44 resulting in a frameshift and a premature stop codon. Normal splicing of the DMD gene was also observed. Additionally, a novel variant c.6291-13537A>G in DMD was confirmed in the genomic DNA of the patient. The predicted function of the variant aligns with the mRNA results. To conclude, we here demonstrate that mRNA analysis can guide the diagnosis of non-coding genetic variants in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Matsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Kristoffersson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valter Niemelä
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Olivera Casar-Borota
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carina Frykholm
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Landtblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Neurology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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5
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Viggiano E, Picillo E, Passamano L, Onore ME, Piluso G, Scutifero M, Torella A, Nigro V, Politano L. Spectrum of Genetic Variants in the Dystrophin Gene: A Single Centre Retrospective Analysis of 750 Duchenne and Becker Patients from Southern Italy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36672955 PMCID: PMC9859256 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophinopathies are X-linked recessive muscle disorders caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene that include deletions, duplications, and point mutations. Correct diagnosis is important for providing adequate patient care and family planning, especially at this time when mutation-specific therapies are available. We report a large single-centre study on the spectrum of DMD gene variants observed in 750 patients analyzed for suspected Duchenne (DMD) or Becker (BMD) muscular dystrophy, over the past 30 years, at the Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics of the University of Campania. We found 534 (71.21%) large deletions, 73 (9.73%) large duplications, and 112 (14.93%) point mutations, of which 44 (5.9%) were small ins/del causing frame-shifts, 57 (7.6%) nonsense mutations, 8 (1.1%) splice site and 3 (0.4%) intronic mutations, and 31 (4.13%) non mutations. Moreover, we report the prevalence of the different types of mutations in patients with DMD and BMD according to their decade of birth, from 1930 to 2020, and correlate the data to the different techniques used over the years. In the most recent decades, we observed an apparent increase in the prevalence of point mutations, probably due to the use of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). In conclusion, in southern Italy, deletions are the most frequent variation observed in DMD and BMD patients followed by point mutations and duplications, as elsewhere in the world. NGS was useful to identify point mutations in cases of strong suspicion of DMD/BMD negative on deletions/duplications analyses. In the era of personalized medicine and availability of new causative therapies, a collective effort is necessary to enable DMD and BMD patients to have timely genetic diagnoses and avoid late implementation of standard of care and late initiation of appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Viggiano
- Department of Prevention, Hygiene and Public Health Service, ASL Roma 2, 00157 Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Picillo
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigia Passamano
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Onore
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulio Piluso
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Scutifero
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annalaura Torella
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Nigro
- Medical Genetics and Cardiomyology, Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Napoli, Italy
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6
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Myalgic Becker Muscular Dystrophy Due to an Exon 15 Point Mutation: Case Series and Literature Review. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2022; 24:106-110. [PMID: 36409343 DOI: 10.1097/cnd.0000000000000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dystrophinopathies result from mutations to the DMD gene. We report 5 boys in 3 families with heterogenous phenotypes due to a point mutation in the DMD gene: a hemizygous tyrosine-to-cysteine change in exon 15 (c.1724T>C) resulting in an amino acid substitution of leucine to proline at codon 575. This mutation has been reported before, with at least 3 prior patients presenting with similar clinical findings of myalgia, myoglobinuria, and occasional muscle cramping. The mutation on DMD c.1724T>C (p.Leu575Pro) is listed in the Clinvar database as a variant of unknown significance. Our report provides contributing evidence that this alteration should be classified as pathogenic.
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7
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Bruels CC, Littel HR, Daugherty AL, Stafki S, Estrella EA, McGaughy ES, Truong D, Badalamenti JP, Pais L, Ganesh VS, O'Donnell-Luria A, Stalker HJ, Wang Y, Collins C, Behlmann A, Lemmers RJLF, van der Maarel SM, Laine R, Ghosh PS, Darras BT, Zingariello CD, Pacak CA, Kunkel LM, Kang PB. Diagnostic capabilities of nanopore long-read sequencing in muscular dystrophy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1302-1309. [PMID: 35734998 PMCID: PMC9380148 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals with muscular dystrophies remain genetically undiagnosed despite clinical diagnostic testing, including exome sequencing. Some may harbor previously undetected structural variants (SVs) or cryptic splice sites. We enrolled 10 unrelated families: nine had muscular dystrophy but lacked complete genetic diagnoses and one had an asymptomatic DMD duplication. Nanopore genomic long-read sequencing identified previously undetected pathogenic variants in four individuals: an SV in DMD, an SV in LAMA2, and two single nucleotide variants in DMD that alter splicing. The DMD duplication in the asymptomatic individual was in tandem. Nanopore sequencing may help streamline genetic diagnostic approaches for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Bruels
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Hannah R Littel
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Audrey L Daugherty
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Seth Stafki
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Elicia A Estrella
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily S McGaughy
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Don Truong
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Jonathan P Badalamenti
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Lynn Pais
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vijay S Ganesh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne O'Donnell-Luria
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heather J Stalker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Yang Wang
- PerkinElmer Genomics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | - Regina Laine
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Partha S Ghosh
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carla D Zingariello
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, 32610
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
| | - Louis M Kunkel
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter B Kang
- Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center and Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455
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8
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Hou H, Wang X, Ding W, Xiao C, Cai X, Lv W, Tu Y, Zhao W, Yao J, Yang C. Whole‐genome sequencing reveals the artificial selection and local environmental adaptability of pigeons (
Columba livia
). Evol Appl 2021; 15:603-617. [PMID: 35505885 PMCID: PMC9046921 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet human needs, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) with various phenotypes have been bred to provide genetic material for our research on artificial selection and local environmental adaptation. Seven pigeon breeds were resequenced and can be divided into commercial varieties (Euro‐pigeon, Shiqi, Shen King, Taishen, and Silver King), ornamental varieties (High Fliers), and local varieties (Tarim pigeon). Phylogenetic analysis based on population resequencing showed that one group contained local breeds and ornamental pigeons from China, whereas all commercial varieties were clustered together. It is revealed that the traditional Chinese ornamental pigeon is a branch of Tarim pigeon. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses revealed significant differences in the genetic diversity of the three types of pigeons. Genome sweep analysis revealed that the selected genes of commercial breeds were related to body size, reproduction, and plumage color. The genomic imprinting genes left by the ornamental pigeon breeds were mostly related to special human facial features and muscular dystrophy. The Tarim pigeon has evolved genes related to chemical ion transport, photoreceptors, oxidative stress, organ development, and olfaction in order to adapt to local environmental stress. This research provides a molecular basis for pigeon genetic resource evaluation and genetic improvement and suggests that the understanding of adaptive evolution should integrate the effects of various natural environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Hou
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Weixing Ding
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Changfeng Xiao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Xia Cai
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Wenwei Lv
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Yingying Tu
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Weimin Zhao
- Shanghai Jinhuang Pigeon Company Shanghai China
| | - Junfeng Yao
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
| | - Changsuo Yang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
- National Poultry Engineer Research Center Shanghai China
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9
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Florczyk-Soluch U, Polak K, Dulak J. The multifaceted view of heart problem in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5447-5468. [PMID: 34091693 PMCID: PMC8257522 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dystrophin is a large protein serving as local scaffolding repetitively bridging cytoskeleton and the outside of striated muscle cell. As such dystrophin is a critical brick primarily in dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAGC) and in a larger submembranous unit, costamere. Accordingly, the lack of functional dystrophin laying at the root of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) drives sarcolemma instability. From this point on, the cascade inevitably leading to the death of myocyte begins. In cardiomyocytes, intracellular calcium overload and related mitochondrial-mediated cell death mainly contribute to myocardial dysfunction and dilation while other protein dysregulation and/or mislocalization may affect electrical conduction system and favor arrhythmogenesis. Although clinically DMD manifests as progressive muscle weakness and skeletal muscle symptoms define characteristic of DMD, it is the heart problem the biggest challenge that most often develop in the form of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Current standards of treatment and recent progress in respiratory care, introduced in most settings in the 1990s, have improved quality of life and median life expectancy to 4th decade of patient's age. At the same time, cardiac causes of death related to DMD increases. Despite preventive and palliative cardiac treatments available, the prognoses remain poor. Direct therapeutic targeting of dystrophin deficiency is critical, however, hindered by the large size of the dystrophin cDNA and/or stochastic, often extensive genetic changes in DMD gene. The correlation between cardiac involvement and mutations affecting specific dystrophin isoforms, may provide a mutation-specific cardiac management and novel therapeutic approaches for patients with CM. Nonetheless, the successful cardiac treatment poses a big challenge and may require combined therapy to combat dystrophin deficiency and its after-effects (critical in DMD pathogenesis). This review locates the multifaceted heart problem in the course of DMD, balancing the insights into basic science, translational efforts and clinical manifestation of dystrophic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Florczyk-Soluch
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Polak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Józef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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10
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Jin P, Gao X, Wang M, Qian Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Xu Y, Xu Y, Dong M. Case Report: Identification of Maternal Low-Level Mosaicism in the Dystrophin Gene by Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction. Front Genet 2021; 12:686993. [PMID: 34276787 PMCID: PMC8280780 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.686993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline mosaicism should be suspected when the same de novo mutations are identified in a second pregnancy with asymptomatic parents. Our study aims to find a feasible approach to reveal the existence of germline mosaicism. Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification was performed on a Duchenne muscular dystrophy affected pedigree to detect deletion mutations. Then gap-polymerase chain reaction was performed to amplify the breakpoints junction sequence. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction was utilized to identify the mutation frequencies in healthy parents. The same deletion in the exon 51 of the dystrophin gene, which was 50,035 bp in size, was detected in the proband and the fetus but not in their parents. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction analysis of peripheral blood samples revealed mutant alleles of 3.53% in maternal blood cells. We here report a case of maternal low-level mosaicism confirmed by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood samples, which reveals the existence of germline mosaicism. Gap-polymerase chain reaction combined with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction provide insights into the detection of germline mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gao
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjin Yang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Xu
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Tang H, Zhang Q, Xiang J, Yin L, Wang J, Wang T. Whole Exome Sequencing Aids the Diagnosis of Fetal Skeletal Dysplasia. Front Genet 2021; 12:599863. [PMID: 33777089 PMCID: PMC7987927 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.599863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasia is a complex group of bone and cartilage disorders with strong clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Several types have prenatal phenotypes, and it is difficult to make a molecular diagnosis rapidly. In this study, the genetic cause of 16 Chinese fetuses with skeletal dysplasia were analyzed, and 12 cases yielded positive results including one deletion in DMD gene detected by SNP-array and 14 variants in other 6 genes detected by whole exome sequencing (WES). In addition, somatic mosaicism was observed. Our study expanded the pathogenic variant spectrum and elucidated the utilization of WES in improving the diagnosis yield of skeletal dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Xiang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Linliang Yin
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
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