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Wang MJ, Jing XY, Wang YZ, Yang BR, Lu Q, Hu H, Kang L. Exercise, Spinal Microglia and Neuropathic Pain: Potential Molecular Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:29-37. [PMID: 37725293 PMCID: PMC10776684 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most common neuropathic disorders, neuropathic pain often has a negative impact on patients with persistent pain, mood disorders and sleep disturbances. Currently, neuropathic pain is not treated with any specific drug, instead, drugs for other diseases are used as replacements in clinics, but most have adverse effects. In recent years, the role of spinal cord microglia in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain has been widely recognized, and they are being explored as potential therapeutic targets. Spinal microglia are known to be involved in the pathogenic mechanisms of neuropathic pain through purine signaling, fractalkine signaling, and p38 MAPK signaling. Exercise is a safe and effective treatment, and numerous studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in improving neurological symptoms. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what the exact molecular mechanism is. This review summarized the specific molecular mechanisms of exercise in alleviating neuropathic pain by mediating the activity of spinal microglia and maintaining the phenotypic homeostasis of spinal microglia through purine signaling, fractalkine signaling and p38 MAPK signaling. In addition, it has been proposed that different intensities and types of exercise affect the regulation of the above-mentioned signaling pathways differently, providing a theoretical basis for the improvement of neuropathic pain through exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jia Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xin-Yu Jing
- Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation, Sichuan Jinxin Women and Children Hospital, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao-Zheng Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bi-Ru Yang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qu Lu
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sports University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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JIANG S, ZHANG W, LU Y. Development and validation of novel inflammatory response-related gene signature for sepsis prognosis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:1028-1041. [PMID: 36518055 PMCID: PMC9758714 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Due to the low specificity and sensitivity of biomarkers in sepsis diagnostics, the prognosis of sepsis patient outcomes still relies on the assessment of clinical symptoms. Inflammatory response is crucial to sepsis onset and progression; however, the significance of inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) in sepsis prognosis is uncertain. This study developed an IRRG-based signature for sepsis prognosis and immunological function. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was retrieved for two sepsis microarray datasets, GSE64457 and GSE69528, followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) comparing sepsis and healthy samples. A predictive signature for IRRGs was created using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). To confirm the efficacy and reliability of the new prognostic signature, Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed. Subsequently, we employed the GSE95233 dataset to independently validate the prognostic signature. A single-sample GSEA (ssGSEA) was conducted to quantify the immune cell enrichment score and immune-related pathway activity. We found that more gene sets were enriched in the inflammatory response in sepsis patient samples than in healthy patient samples, as determined by GSEA. The signature of nine IRRGs permitted the patients to be classified into two risk categories. Patients in the low-risk group showed significantly better 28-d survival than those in the high-risk group. ROC curve analysis corroborated the predictive capacity of the signature, with the area under the curve (AUC) for 28-d survival reaching 0.866. Meanwhile, the ssGSEA showed that the two risk groups had different immune states. The validation set and external dataset showed that the signature was clinically predictive. In conclusion, a signature consisting of nine IRRGs can be utilized to predict prognosis and influence the immunological status of sepsis patients. Thus, intervention based on these IRRGs may become a therapeutic option in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai JIANG
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Wenyuan ZHANG
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China
| | - Yuanqiang LU
- Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310003, China,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases, Hangzhou310003, China,Yuanqiang LU,
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Mandour DA, Shalaby SM, Bendary MA. Spinal cord-wide structural disruption in type 2 diabetes rescued by exenatide "a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue" via down-regulating inflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptotic signaling pathways. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 121:102079. [PMID: 35143896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of spinal cord-wide structural and functional disruption in diabetic patients remain elusive. This study evaluated histopathological alterations of the spinal cord cytoarchitecture in T2DM model of rats and assessed the potential ameliorating effect of exenatide "a potent GLP-1 analogue". Thirty male rats were allocated into three groups; I (control), II (Diabetic): T2DM was induced by high fat diet for 8 weeks followed by a single I.P injection of STZ (25 mg/kg BW) and III (Diabetic/Exenatide): T2DM rats injected with exenatide (10 μg/Kg, S.C. twice daily for 2 weeks). Neurobehavioral sensory and motor tests were carried out and glycemic control biomarkers and indices of insulin resistance and sensitivity were measured. In addition, the spinal cord was processed for histological and immunohistochemical studies besides assessing its tissue homogenate levels of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflamatory cytokines and oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers. Moreover, RT-qPCR was performed to measure the expression of proapoptotic/antiapoptotic and neurotrophic genes. The diabetic rats exhibited thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia and decreased locomotor activity along with increased serum glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR while, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was decreased. Also, IL-1β NF-kB, MDA increased while IL-10, SOD activity and β-endorphin decreased in the spinal tissue. Up regulation of caspase-3 and down regulation of Bcl-2, nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic (GDNF) in diabetic rats. Also, they exhibited histopathological changes and increased CD68 positive microglia and Bax immunoreactivity in the spinal cord. Subsequent to exenatide treatment, most biomolecular, structural and functional impairments of the spinal cord were restored in the diabetic rats. In conclusion, the neuro-modulating effect of exenatide against diabetic-induced spinal cord affection warrants the concern about its therapeutic relevance in confronting the devastating diabetic neuropathic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Sally M Shalaby
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - M A Bendary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
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Wu XH, Fang JW, Huang YQ, Bai XF, Zhuang Y, Chen XY, Lin XH. Diagnostic value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:911-920. [PMID: 33150774 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the value of optic disc retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). METHODS Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes, including 60 patients without DPN (NDPN group) and 30 patients with DPN (DPN group), and 30 healthy participants (normal group) were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the four quadrants and the overall average RNFL thickness of the optic disc. The receiver operator characteristic curve was drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic value of RNFL thickness in the optic disc area for DPN. RESULTS The RNFL thickness of the DPN group was thinner than those of the normal and NDPN groups in the overall average ((101.07± 12.40) µm vs. (111.07±6.99) µm and (109.25±6.90) µm), superior quadrant ((123.00±19.04) µm vs. (138.93±14.16) µm and (134.47±14.34) µm), and inferior quadrant ((129.37±17.50) µm vs. (143.60±12.22) µm and (144.48±14.10) µm), and the differences were statistically significant. The diagnostic efficiencies of the overall average, superior quadrant, and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses, and a combined index of superior and inferior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were similar, and the AUCs were 0.739 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.635-0.826), 0.683 (95% CI 0.576-0.778), 0.755 (95% CI 0.652-0.840), and 0.773 (95% CI 0.672-0.854), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of RNFL thickness in the superior quadrant reached 93.33%. CONCLUSIONS The thickness of the RNFL in the optic disc can be used as a diagnostic method for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jing-Wen Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yin-Qiong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xia-Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
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Solis-Castro OO, Wong N, Boissonade FM. Chemokines and Pain in the Trigeminal System. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 2:689314. [PMID: 35295531 PMCID: PMC8915704 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.689314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotactic cytokines or chemokines are a large family of secreted proteins able to induce chemotaxis. Chemokines are categorized according to their primary amino acid sequence, and in particular their cysteine residues that form disulphide bonds to maintain the structure: CC, CXC, CX3C, and XC, in which X represents variable amino acids. Among their many roles, chemokines are known to be key players in pain modulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Thus, they are promising candidates for novel therapeutics that could replace current, often ineffective treatments. The spinal and trigeminal systems are intrinsically different beyond their anatomical location, and it has been suggested that there are also differences in their sensory mechanisms. Hence, understanding the different mechanisms involved in pain modulation for each system could aid in developing appropriate pharmacological alternatives. Here, we aim to describe the current landscape of chemokines that have been studied specifically with regard to trigeminal pain. Searching PubMed and Google Scholar, we identified 30 reports describing chemokines in animal models of trigeminal pain, and 15 reports describing chemokines involved in human pain associated with the trigeminal system. This review highlights the chemokines studied to date at different levels of the trigeminal system, their cellular localization and, where available, their role in a variety of animal pain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar O. Solis-Castro
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Wong
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Boissonade
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Fiona M. Boissonade
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Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Fattori V, Saraiva-Santos T, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Borghi SM, Manchope MF, Zaninelli TH, Cunha TM, Casagrande R, Clissa PB, Verri WA. Jararhagin, a snake venom metalloproteinase, induces mechanical hyperalgesia in mice with the neuroinflammatory contribution of spinal cord microglia and astrocytes. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 179:610-619. [PMID: 33662422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Jararhagin is a hyperalgesic metalloproteinase from Bothrops jararaca venom. In rodents, jararhagin induces nociceptive behaviors that correlate with an increase in peripheral cytokine levels. However, the role of the spinal cord glia in pain processing after peripheral stimulus of jararhagin has not been investigated. Aiming to explore this proposal, mice received intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of jararhagin and the following parameters were evaluated: hyperalgesia, spinal cord TNF-α, IL-1β levels, and CX3CR1, GFAP and p-NFκB activation. The effects of intrathecal (i.t.) injection of TNF-α soluble receptor (etanercept), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and inhibitors of NFκB (PDTC), microglia (minocycline) and astrocytes (α-aminoadipate) were investigated. Jararhagin inoculation induced cytokine production (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the spinal cord, which was reduced by treatment with PDTC (40% and 50%, respectively). Jararhagin mechanical hyperalgesia and cytokine production were inhibited by treatment with etanercept (67%), IL-1Ra (60%), PDTC (70%), minocycline (60%) and α-aminoadipate (45%). Furthermore, jararhagin induced an increase in p-NFκB, CX3CR1 and GFAP detection in the spinal cord indicating activation of NFκB, microglia and astrocytes. These results demonstrate for the first time that jararhagin-induced mechanical hyperalgesia is dependent on spinal cord activation of glial cells, consequent NFκB activation, and cytokine production in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T Carvalho
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Borghi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Center for Research in Health Sciences, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marília F Manchope
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tiago H Zaninelli
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Patricia B Clissa
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy, and Cancer, Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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