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Liu D, Jiang N, Yuan Y, Liu H, Ju Y, Sun W, Jia W, Fang Y, Zhao D, Mao J, Kang L. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics provides insights into the mechanism by plant growth regulators affect the quality of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305185. [PMID: 39178226 PMCID: PMC11343422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensively analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics was conducted to investigate the mechanism of plant growth regulators on the quality of jujube fruit. After the application of plant growth regulators, a total of 3097 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were mainly annotated in 123 pathways such as flavonoid biosynthesis, metabolism of alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. In addition, 1091 differential expressed metabolites (DEMs), including 519 up-regulated and 572 down-regulated metabolites, were significantly altered after application of plant growth regulators. DEGs and DEMs simultaneously annotated 69 metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of phenylpropane, flavonoid, starch and sucrose. The key genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were revealed, which may play an important role in plant growth regulator regulation quality of jujube fruit. Besides, the application of plant growth regulator during the jujube flowering period increased the contents of gibberellin and indole-3-acetic acid in leaves, and decreased the contents of abscisic acid. The results may help to reveal the metabolic network and molecular mechanism of plant growth regulators in jujube fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defen Liu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
| | - Yuting Yuan
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Hejiang Liu
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
| | - Yanjun Ju
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
| | - Wanjin Sun
- Social Affairs Service Center of the Eighth Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Wenzhao Jia
- Agricultural Development Service Center of the Eighth Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Agricultural Development Service Center of the Eighth Regiment of the First Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Duoyong Zhao
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiefei Mao
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lu Kang
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Quality and Safety, Urumqi, China
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Su Y, Hu K, Li D, Guo H, Sun L, Xie Z. Microbial-Transferred Metabolites and Improvement of Biological Activities of Green Tea Catechins by Human Gut Microbiota. Foods 2024; 13:792. [PMID: 38472905 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Green tea catechins (GTCs) are dietary polyphenols with broad bioactivities that undergo extensive microbial metabolism in the human gut. However, microbial-transferred metabolites and their health benefits are not fully understood. Herein, the microbial metabolism of GTCs by human fecal microbiota and dynamic alteration of the microbiota were integrally investigated via in vitro anaerobic fermentation. The results showed that the human gut microbiota exhibited a strong metabolic effect on GTCs via UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 35 microbial-transferred metabolites were identified, far more than were identified in previous studies. Among them, five metabolites, namely EGCG quinone, EGC quinone, ECG quinone, EC quinone, and mono-oxygenated EGCG, were identified for the first time in fermented GTCs with the human gut microbiota. Consequently, corresponding metabolic pathways were proposed. Notably, the antioxidant, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the GTCs sample increased after fermentation compared to those of the initial unfermented sample. The results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the GTCs significantly altered gut microbial diversity and enriched the abundancy of Eubacterium, Flavonifractor, etc., which may be further involved in the metabolisms of GTCs. Thus, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between GTCs and gut microbiota, as well as the health benefits of green tea consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Su
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Kaiyin Hu
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Center for Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Li Sun
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Sun L, Su Y, Hu K, Li D, Guo H, Xie Z. Microbial-Transferred Metabolites of Black Tea Theaflavins by Human Gut Microbiota and Their Impact on Antioxidant Capacity. Molecules 2023; 28:5871. [PMID: 37570841 PMCID: PMC10420933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Theaflavins (TFs), the primary bioactive components in black tea, are poorly absorbed in the small intestine. However, the biological activity of TFs does not match their low bioavailability, which suggests that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in their biotransformation and activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the biotransferred metabolites of TFs produced by the human gut microbiota and these metabolites' function. We profiled the microbial metabolites of TFs by in vitro anaerobic human gut microbiota fermentation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. A total of 17 microbial metabolites were identified, and their corresponding metabolic pathways were proposed. Moreover, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the TFs altered the gut microbiota diversity and increased the relative abundance of specific members of the microbiota involved in the catabolism of the TFs, including Flavonifractor_plautii, Bacteroides_uniformis, Eubacterium_ramulus, etc. Notably, the antioxidant capacity of the TF sample increased after fermentation compared to the initial sample. In conclusion, the results contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the microbial metabolites and antioxidant capacity of TFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (H.G.)
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (Y.S.); (K.H.)
| | - You Su
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (Y.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Kaiyin Hu
- The College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; (Y.S.); (K.H.)
| | - Daxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (H.G.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhongwen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea and Food Sciences and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (L.S.); (D.L.); (H.G.)
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Bao T, Karim N, Ke H, Tangpong J, Chen W. Polysaccharide isolated from wax apple suppresses ethyl carbamate-induced oxidative damage in human hepatocytes. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:574-586. [PMID: 37455135 PMCID: PMC10350369 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) has received growing research interest for its high nutritional and medicinal value due to its constituents such as polysaccharide, organic acids, flavonoids, minerals, and other substances. In this study, wax apple polysaccharide (WAP) was isolated from this plant and its protective effect against ethyl carbamate (EC)-induced oxidative damage was evaluated in human hepatocytes (L02 cells). Firstly, a series of analyses such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were conducted to identify the structure of WAP. Thereafter, in vitro cell experiments were performed to verify the protective effects of WAP against EC-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative damage in L02 cells. Our results revealed that WAP is composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and fucose in a molar ratio of 2.20:3.94:4.45:8.56:8.86:30.82:39.78:1.48. Using a combination of methylation and NMR spectroscopic analysis, the primary structure of WAP was identified as Araf-(1→, Glcp-(1→, →2)-Araf-(1→, →3)-Galp-(1→, →3)-Araf-(1→, and →6)-Galp-(1→. Cell experiments indicated that WAP exhibited significant protective effects on EC-treated L02 cells via suppressing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and O2•- formation, as well as improving mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and glutathione (GSH). In a nutshell, WAP has the potential as an important therapeutic agent or supplement for hepatic oxidative damage. Meanwhile, further studies are needed to prove the above effects in vivo at the biological and clinical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huihui Ke
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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Huang J, Qin W, Xu B, Sun H, Jing F, Xu Y, Zhao J, Chen Y, Ma L, Yan X. Rice bran oil supplementation protects swine weanlings against diarrhea and lipopolysaccharide challenge. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2023; 24:430-441. [PMID: 37190892 PMCID: PMC10186138 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early weaned piglets suffer from oxidative stress and enteral infection, which usually results in gut microbial dysbiosis, serve diarrhea, and even death. Rice bran oil (RBO), a polyphenol-enriched by-product of rice processing, has been shown to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we ascertained the proper RBO supplementation level, and subsequently determined its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal dysfunction in weaned piglets. A total of 168 piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of seven replicates (42 piglets each group, (21±1) d of age, body weight (7.60±0.04) kg, and half males and half females) and were given basal diet (Ctrl) or basal diet supplemented with 0.01% (mass fraction) RBO (RBO1), 0.02% RBO (RBO2), or 0.03% RBO (RBO3) for 21 d. Then, seven piglets from the Ctrl and the RBO were treated with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight (BW)) as LPS group and RBO+LPS group, respectively. Meanwhile, seven piglets from the Ctrl were treated with the saline vehicle (Ctrl group). Four hours later, all treated piglets were sacrificed for taking samples of plasma, jejunum tissues, and feces. The results showed that 0.02% was the optimal dose of dietary RBO supplementation based on diarrhea, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake indices in early weaning piglets. Furthermore, RBO protected piglets against LPS-induced jejunal epithelium damage, which was indicated by the increases in villus height, villus height/crypt depth ratio, and Claudin-1 levels, as well as a decreased level of jejunal epithelium apoptosis. RBO also improved the antioxidant ability of LPS-challenged piglets, which was indicated by the elevated concentrations of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and increased total antioxidant capacity, as well as the decreased concentrations of diamine oxidase and malondialdehyde in plasma. Meanwhile, RBO improved the immune function of LPS-challenged weaned piglets, which was indicated by elevated immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, β-defensin-1, and lysozyme levels in the plasma. In addition, RBO supplementation improved the LPS challenge-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Particularly, the indices of antioxidant capacity, intestinal damage, and immunity were significantly associated with the RBO-regulated gut microbiota. These findings suggested that 0.02% RBO is a suitable dose to protect against LPS-induced intestinal damage, oxidative stress, and jejunal microbiota dysbiosis in early weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxia Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baoyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd., Yichun 336000, China
| | - Fanghua Jing
- Yichun Dahaigui Life Science Co., Ltd., Yichun 336000, China
| | - Yunzheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Libao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xianghua Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pig Precision Feeding and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Li Z, Heng H, Qin Q, Chen L, Wang Y, Zhou Z. Physicochemical properties, molecular structure, antioxidant activity, and biological function of extracellular melanin from Ascosphaera apis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:365-381. [PMID: 35557038 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ascosphaera apis spores containing a dark-colored pigment infect honeybee larvae, resulting in a large-scale collapse of the bee colony due to chalkbrood disease. However, little is known about the pigment or whether it plays a role in bee infection caused by A. apis. In this study, the pigment was isolated by alkali extraction, acid hydrolysis, and repeated precipitation. Ultraviolet (UV) analysis revealed that the pigment had a color value of 273, a maximum absorption peak at 195 nm, and a high alkaline solubility (7.67%) and acid precipitability. Further chemical structure analysis of the pigment, including elemental composition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), proved that it was a eumelanin with a typical indole structure. The molecular formula of melanin is C10H6O4N2, and its molecular weight is 409 Da. Melanin has hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phenolic groups that can potentially chelate to metal ions. Antioxidant function analyses showed that A. apis melanin had a high scavenging activity against superoxide, hydroxyl, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, and a high reducing ability to Fe3+. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses showed that A. apis melanin was located on the spore wall. The spore wall localization, antioxidant activity, and metal ion chelating properties of fungal melanin have been suggested to contribute to spore pathogenicity. However, further infection experiments showed that melanin-deficient spores did not reduce the mortality of bee larvae, indicating that melanin does not increase the virulence of A. apis spores. This study is the first report on melanin produced by A. apis, providing an important background reference for further study on its role in A. apis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects, Chongqing 401331, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Hui Heng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qiqian Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lanchun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, Chongqing 400715, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Mechanism of Jujube ( Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Fruit in the Appetite Regulation Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Method. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:5070086. [PMID: 35480085 PMCID: PMC9013574 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5070086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the mechanism of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) in appetite regulation based on network pharmacology. Methods The active components and action targets of jujube were retrieved through the TCMSP and TCMID databases. GeneCards, DisGeNet, Therapeutic Target Database, and OMIM were used to screen the related targets for appetite, appetite suppression, and appetite regulation, and the intersection target of the two was selected. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Important protein nodes and subnets were predicted based on the cytoHubba plug-in, and the hub gene was screened. Additionally, GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed to obtain potential biological processes and signaling pathways of key targets. And the active ingredient-target-action pathway diagram was constructed. Results A total of 16 active components were screened from jujube, including 131 action targets related to appetite and appetite regulation. Three key targets (MAOA, MMP2, and HSPB1) were screened out by MCODE analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, serotonin-containing synapse, gap junction, cAMP signaling pathway, and dopaminergic synapse. Molecular docking results showed that the components coclaurine, (−)-catenin, (+)-stepholidine, berberine, cianidanol, coclaurine, and moupinamide in jujube had strong binding activity to the main targets (ESR1, ADRA2C, and MMP2). Conclusion Based on network pharmacology, the appetite modulating effects of jujube on multiple components, targets, and channels were explored, and the main active components of jujube were predicted to act on multiple signaling pathways to regulate appetite. The molecular docking results showed that the components in jujube had strong binding activity to the main targets, which provided new ideas and methods to further investigate the mechanisms of appetite regulation by jujube.
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Bao T, Hao X, Shishir MRI, Karim N, Chen W. Green alternative methods for pretreatment of whole jujube before the drying process. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:1030-1039. [PMID: 34312880 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jujube contains a waxy cuticle that acts as a barrier against fungal pathogens, prevents nutrition damage and leakage due to mechanical damage, and maintains water content. Chemical treatment before drying is the most commonly used method for whole jujube. Although chemical pretreatment can effectively enhance drying kinetics, it can lead to the loss of soluble nutrients and cause food safety issues due to chemical residues. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of various pretreatments (cold plasma, cold plasma activated water, ultrasonics, thermosonication, and blanching) on the drying process and quality properties of whole jujube so as to find effective green alternatives to chemical pretreatment. RESULTS The application of chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication significantly altered the surface morphology of jujube by etching larger cracks and holes, which can facilitate the transfer of moisture, thereby improving the drying rate and the effective diffusivity. Chemical, cold plasma, and thermosonication pretreatment reduced drying time by 18%, 12%, and 7% respectively, thereby increasing the content of total phenolics by 13%, 12%, and 6% respectively, and enhancing antioxidant capacity (ferric reducing antioxidant power) by 13%, 11%, and 3% respectively. In addition, chemical and cold plasma pretreatment reduced the generation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural by 25% and 15% respectively. CONCLUSION Cold plasma is a promising green alternative method to chemical pretreatment for drying processes of whole jujube. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Hao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Naymul Karim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
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