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Perez-Bertoldi JM, Zhao Y, Thawani A, Yildiz A, Nogales E. Molecular interplay between HURP and Kif18A in mitotic spindle regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.589088. [PMID: 38645125 PMCID: PMC11030443 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
During mitosis, microtubule dynamics are regulated to ensure proper alignment and segregation of chromosomes. The dynamics of kinetochore-attached microtubules are regulated by hepatoma-upregulated protein (HURP) and the mitotic kinesin-8 Kif18A, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Using single-molecule imaging in vitro , we demonstrate that Kif18A motility is regulated by HURP. While sparse decoration of HURP activates the motor, higher concentrations hinder processive motility. To shed light on this behavior, we determined the binding mode of HURP to microtubules using Cryo-EM. The structure reveals that one HURP motif spans laterally across β-tubulin, while a second motif binds between adjacent protofilaments. HURP partially overlaps with the microtubule-binding site of the Kif18A motor domain, indicating that excess HURP inhibits Kif18A motility by steric exclusion. We also observed that HURP and Kif18A function together to suppress dynamics of the microtubule plus-end, providing a mechanistic basis for how they collectively serve in spindle length control.
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Shi M, Guo H, Bai Y, Niu J, Niu X, Sun K, Chen Y. Upregulated mitosis-associated genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 predict poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:11-25. [PMID: 35634845 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitosis-associated genes are dysregulated in many types of cancers and play important roles in disease progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, their expression and functions in chemotherapy-resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are still largely undetermined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the roles of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 in chemotherapy-resistant AML. METHODS RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in patients with chemotherapy-resistant AML and chemotherapy-sensitive AML. AML mRNA data from 151 patients with recurrence were downloaded from TCGA. Integrated analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG pathways. CENPE, CENPF, or DLGAP5 knockdown cell lines were used to analyse proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle alterations. RESULTS A total of 87 DEGs (48 upregulated and 39 downregulated) were obtained through gene analysis of R/R-AML and a total of 329 DEGs (202 upregulated and 127 downregulated) were obtained in refractory S-AML. Upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle (GO: 0007049, hsa04110) and mitotic cell cycle (GO: 0000278) processes and pathway. Venn diagram analysis identified the most upregulated DEGs (including CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5) in chemoresistant AML. The expression of CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 in R-AML (TCGA) was significantly higher than that of primary AML (GEO). The proliferation of K562 cells after CENPE and DLGAP5 knockdown was significantly decreased (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.0006). In THP-1 cells, the CCK-8 values after CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 knockdown were significantly decreased (P= 0.01, P= 0.0395 and P= 0.0362). Knockdown of CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 significantly increased cell apoptosis by regulating Caspase-9, BAX, TP-53 and bcl-2, and induced cell cycle arrested by regulating CDK1, CDK2, CDKN1A, and CyclinD1. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the mitotic cell cycle-associated genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 were upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant AML patients and might be useful for predicting poor prognosis.
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Hu J, Li R, Miao H, Wen Z. Identification of key genes for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental confirmation. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:3188-3199. [PMID: 32642240 PMCID: PMC7330802 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as the main subtype of esophageal cancer (EC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in early diagnosis and clinical management, the long-term survival of ESCC patients remains disappointing, due to a lack of full understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Methods In order to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in ESCC, the microarray datasets GSE20347 and GSE26886 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. The enrichment analyses of gene ontology (GO) terms, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were performed for the DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these DEGs was constructed using the Cytoscape software based on the STRING database to select as hub genes for weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) with ESCC samples from TCGA database. Results A total of 746 DEGs were commonly shared in the two datasets including 286 upregulated genes and 460 downregulated genes in ESCC. The DEGs were enriched in biological processes such as extracellular matrix organization, proliferation and keratinocyte differentiation, and were enriched in biological pathways such as ECM-receptor interaction and cell cycle. GSEA analysis also indicated the enrichment of upregulated DEGs in cell cycle. The 40 DEGs were selected as hub genes. The MEblack module was found to be enriched in the cell cycle, Spliceosome, DNA replication and Oocyte meiosis. Among the hub genes correlated with MEblack module, GSEA analysis indicated that DEGs of TCGA samples with DLGAP5 upregulation was enriched in cell cycle. Moreover, the highly endogenous expression of DLGAP5 was confirmed in ESCC cells. DLGAP5 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells. Conclusions DEGs and hub genes such as DLGAP5 from independent datasets in the current study will provide clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in development and progression of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rongzhen Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huikai Miao
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhesheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Ren Y, Qiang Y, Duan X, Li Z. The distinct difference in azido sugar metabolic rate between neural stem cells and fibroblasts and its application for decontamination of chemically induced neural stem cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2344-2347. [PMID: 31993612 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09362a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our report, we found a distinct difference in azido sugar metabolic rate between neural stem cells and fibroblasts, which can be used for selective removal of fibroblasts from neural stem cell mixtures. Chemically induced neural stem cells (ciNSCs) serve as a highly valuable source of NSCs. Incompletely induced fibroblasts could interfere with ciNSC differentiation and become tumorigenic. Herein, we applied our method for the decontamination of ciNSCs and it exhibited excellent selectivity for ciNSCs. The results demonstrate that the ciNSC population can be efficiently purified to 98.1%. As far as we know, this is the highest purity obtained so far. We envision that, in the future, our method could be used as a safe, effective, and chemically-defined tool for decontaminating ciNSCs in both fundamental research and clinical stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ren
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yao Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinrui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengping Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 Xi Chang'an Street, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE DLG7 (disc large homolog 7) is a microtubule-associated protein encoded by DLGAP5 (DLG associated protein 5) gene and has an important role during spindle assembly. Spindle assembly deregulation is a well-known cause of genomic instability. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of DLGAP5 expression on survival and to evaluate its potential use as a biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS DLGAP5 expression was measured in the primary tumor and corresponding normal mucosa samples from 109 patients with CRC and correlated to clinical and pathological data. The results were validated in a second, publically available patient cohort. Molecular effects of DLG7/DLGAP5 in CRC were analyzed via functional assays in knockdown cell lines. RESULTS DLGAP5 downregulation led to a significant reduction of the invasion and migration potential in CRC. In addition, DLGAP5 expression correlates with nodal status and advanced UICC stage (III-IV).Subgroup analyses revealed a correlation between DLGAP5 overexpression and poor survival in patients with non-metastatic disease (M0). Furthermore, overexpression of DLGAP5 is associated with worse overall survival in distinct molecular CRC subtypes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest the importance of DLGAP5 in defining a more aggressive CRC phenotype. DLG7/DLGAP5 represents a potential biomarker for CRC in molecular subgroups of CRC.
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Kim DW, Cho JY. NQO1 is Required for β-Lapachone-Mediated Downregulation of Breast-Cancer Stem-Cell Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123813. [PMID: 30513573 PMCID: PMC6321092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-renewal activity and give rise to other cell types in tumors. Due to the infinite proliferative potential of CSCs, drugs targeting these cells are necessary to completely inhibit cancer development. The β-lapachone (bL) compound is widely used to treat cancer development; however, its effect on cancer stem cells remain elusive. Thus, we investigated the effect of bL on mammosphere formation using breast-cancer stem-cell (BCSC) marker-positive cells, MDA-MB-231. MDA-MB-231 cells, which are negative for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H):quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) expression, were constructed to stably express NQO1 (NQO1 stable cells). The effect of bL on these cells was evaluated by wound healing and Transwell cell-culture chambers, ALDEFLUOR assay, and mammosphere formation assay. Here, we show that bL inhibited the proliferative ability of mammospheres derived from BCSC marker-positive cells, MDA-MB-231, in an NQO1-dependent manner. The bL treatment efficiently downregulated the expression level of BCSC markers cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), and discs large (DLG)-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5) that was recently identified as a stem-cell proliferation marker in both cultured cells and mammosphered cells. Moreover, bL efficiently downregulated cell proliferation and migration activities. These results strongly suggest that bL could be a therapeutic agent for targeting breast-cancer stem-cells with proper NQO1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Gudmundsdottir B, Gudmundsson KO, Klarmann KD, Singh SK, Sun L, Singh S, Du Y, Coppola V, Stockwin L, Nguyen N, Tessarollo L, Thorsteinsson L, Sigurjonsson OE, Gudmundsson S, Rafnar T, Tisdale JF, Keller JR. POGZ Is Required for Silencing Mouse Embryonic β-like Hemoglobin and Human Fetal Hemoglobin Expression. Cell Rep 2018; 23:3236-3248. [PMID: 29898395 PMCID: PMC7301966 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal globin genes are transcriptionally silenced during embryogenesis through hemoglobin switching. Strategies to derepress fetal globin expression in the adult could alleviate symptoms in sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia. We identified a zinc-finger protein, pogo transposable element with zinc-finger domain (POGZ), expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells. Targeted deletion of Pogz in adult hematopoietic cells in vivo results in persistence of embryonic β-like globin expression without affecting erythroid development. POGZ binds to the Bcl11a promoter and erythroid-specific intragenic regulatory regions. Pogz+/- mice show elevated embryonic β-like globin expression, suggesting that partial reduction of Pogz expression results in persistence of embryonic β-like globin expression. Knockdown of POGZ in primary human CD34+ progenitor cell-derived erythroblasts reduces BCL11A expression, a known repressor of embryonic β-like globin expression, and increases fetal hemoglobin expression. These findings are significant, since new therapeutic targets and strategies are needed to treat β-globin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorg Gudmundsdottir
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kristbjorn O Gudmundsson
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Kimberly D Klarmann
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bldg. 560/32-31D, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Satyendra K Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Shweta Singh
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, 460 West 12(th)Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Luke Stockwin
- Drug Mechanisms Group, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Nhu Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Leifur Thorsteinsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Olafur E Sigurjonsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Sveinn Gudmundsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorunn Rafnar
- Iceland Genomics Corporation, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - John F Tisdale
- Molecular and Clinical Hematology Branch, NHLBI/NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jonathan R Keller
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Bldg. 560/12-70, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bldg. 560/32-31D, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Wang Q, Chen Y, Feng H, Zhang B, Wang H. Prognostic and predictive value of HURP in non‑small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:1682-1692. [PMID: 29484418 PMCID: PMC5868404 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that HURP (also known as DLGAP5 or KIAA0008) is overexpressed in many types of human cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell bladder cancer, and transitional cell carcinoma, indicating that HURP is a putative oncoprotein that promotes carcinogenesis through various molecular mechanisms. However, the role of HURP in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the prognostic value of HURP among NSCLC patients through the GEO database. The online tool of KM-plotter was used to identify the correlation of HURP expression and the survival of NSCLC patients. We found the HURP expression at the mRNA level was correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of NSCLC patients. HURP was highly expressed in aggressive NSCLC cells, and its higher expression was associated with shorter survival. Further cytological experiments revealed that the silencing of HURP caused cell cycle arrest and inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Transwell assay showed that HURP shRNA inhibited cell migration and invasion in vitro. The bioinformatic analysis suggests that HURP promotes carcinogenesis in multiple manners. Taken together, we revealed the prognostic value of HURP in NSCLC patients and HURP may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yaokun Chen
- Breast Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Qingdao Center Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Biyuan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Haiji Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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Chao CCK. Inhibition of apoptosis by oncogenic hepatitis B virus X protein: Implications for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1061-1066. [PMID: 27660672 PMCID: PMC5026997 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i25.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In addition, hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP) is a cellular oncogene that is upregulated in a majority of HCC cases. We highlight here recent findings demonstrating a link between HBx, HURP and anti-apoptosis effects observed in cisplatin-treated HCC cells. We observed that Hep3B cells overexpressing HBx display increased HURP mRNA and protein levels, and show resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of HURP in HBx-expressing cells reverses this effect, and sensitizes cells to cisplatin. The anti-apoptotic effect of HBx requires activation of the p38/MAPK pathway as well as expression of SATB1, survivin and HURP. Furthermore, silencing of HURP using short-hairpin RNA promotes accumulation of p53 and reduces cell proliferation in SK-Hep-1 cells (p53+/–), whereas these effects are not observed in p53-mutant Mahlavu cells. Similarly, HURP silencing does not affect the proliferation of H1299 lung carcinoma cells or Hep3B HCC cells which lack p53. Silencing of HURP sensitizes SK-Hep-1 cells to cisplatin. While HURP overexpression promotes p53 ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, HURP silencing reverses these effects. Inoculation of SK-Hep-1 cancer cells in which HURP has been silenced produces smaller tumors than control in nude mice. Besides, gankyrin, a positive regulator of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, is upregulated following HURP expression, and silencing of gankyrin reduces HURP-mediated downregulation of p53. In addition, we observed a positive correlation between HURP and gankyrin protein levels in HCC patients (r2 = 0.778; n = 9). These findings suggest a role for the viral protein HBx and the host protein HURP in preventing p53-mediated apoptosis during cancer progression and establishment of chemoresistance.
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Stangeland B, Mughal AA, Grieg Z, Sandberg CJ, Joel M, Nygård S, Meling T, Murrell W, Vik Mo EO, Langmoen IA. Combined expressional analysis, bioinformatics and targeted proteomics identify new potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26192-215. [PMID: 26295306 PMCID: PMC4694895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is both the most common and the most lethal primary brain tumor. It is thought that GBM stem cells (GSCs) are critically important in resistance to therapy. Therefore, there is a strong rationale to target these cells in order to develop new molecular therapies. To identify molecular targets in GSCs, we compared gene expression in GSCs to that in neural stem cells (NSCs) from the adult human brain, using microarrays. Bioinformatic filtering identified 20 genes (PBK/TOPK, CENPA, KIF15, DEPDC1, CDC6, DLG7/DLGAP5/HURP, KIF18A, EZH2, HMMR/RHAMM/CD168, NOL4, MPP6, MDM1, RAPGEF4, RHBDD1, FNDC3B, FILIP1L, MCC, ATXN7L4/ATXN7L1, P2RY5/LPAR6 and FAM118A) that were consistently expressed in GSC cultures and consistently not expressed in NSC cultures. The expression of these genes was confirmed in clinical samples (TCGA and REMBRANDT). The first nine genes were highly co-expressed in all GBM subtypes and were part of the same protein-protein interaction network. Furthermore, their combined up-regulation correlated negatively with patient survival in the mesenchymal GBM subtype. Using targeted proteomics and the COGNOSCENTE database we linked these genes to GBM signalling pathways. Nine genes: PBK, CENPA, KIF15, DEPDC1, CDC6, DLG7, KIF18A, EZH2 and HMMR should be further explored as targets for treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Stangeland
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Awais A Mughal
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zanina Grieg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Jonsgar Sandberg
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mrinal Joel
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Nygård
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute for Medical Informatics, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torstein Meling
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wayne Murrell
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar O Vik Mo
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iver A Langmoen
- Vilhelm Magnus Laboratory for Neurosurgical Research, Institute for Surgical Research and Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Chen JMM, Chiu SC, Wei TYW, Lin SY, Chong CM, Wu CC, Huang JY, Yang ST, Ku CF, Hsia JY, Yu CTR. The involvement of nuclear factor-κappaB in the nuclear targeting and cyclin E1 upregulating activities of hepatoma upregulated protein. Cell Signal 2014; 27:26-36. [PMID: 25289861 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP) is originally isolated during the search for the genes associated with hepatoma. HURP is upregulated in many human cancers. Culture cells exhibit transformed and invasive phenotype when ectopic HURP is introduced, revealing HURP as an oncogene candidate. Our previous studies demonstrated that Aurora-A regulated the cell transforming activities of HURP by phosphorylating HURP at four serines. To unravel how the Aurora-A/HURP cascade contributes to cell transformation, we firstly noticed that HURP shuttled between cytoplasm and nucleus. The nuclear localization activity of HURP was promoted or abolished by overexpression or knockdown of Aurora-A. Similarly, the HURP phosphorylation mimicking mutant 4E had higher nuclear targeting activity than the phosphorylation deficient mutant 4A. The HURP 4E accelerated G1 progression and upregulated cyclin E1, and the cyclin E1 upregulating and cell transforming activities of HURP were diminished when the nuclear localization signal (NLS) was removed from HURP. Furthermore, HURP employed p38/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascade to stimulate cell growth. Interestingly, NF-κB trapped HURP in nucleus by interacting with HURP 4E. At last, the HURP/NF-κB complex activated the cyclin E1 promoter. Collectively, Aurora-A/HURP relays cell transforming signal to NF-κB, and the HURP/NF-κB complex is engaged in the regulation of cyclin E1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yi Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Jiao-Ying Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Ku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yi Hsia
- Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Taiwan.
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Hatfield KJ, Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø. Identification of a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia characterized by long-termin vitroproliferation and altered cell cycle regulation of the leukemic cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1237-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.957671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gomez CR, Kosari F, Munz JM, Schreiber CA, Knutson GJ, Ida CM, El Khattouti A, Karnes RJ, Cheville JC, Vasmatzis G, Vuk-Pavlović S. Prognostic value of discs large homolog 7 transcript levels in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82833. [PMID: 24349376 PMCID: PMC3857287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been associated with malignant progression, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Hence, we studied expression of hypoxia–regulated genes in 100 prostate cancer (CaP) bulk tissues and 71 adjacent benign tissues. We found 24 transcripts significantly overexpressed (p≤0.02). Importantly, higher transcript levels of disc large (drosophila) homolog-associated protein 5 (DLGAP5)/discs large homolog 7 (DLG7)/hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP), hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR) and cyclin B1 (CCNB1) were associated with higher Gleason score and more advanced systemic progression. Since the products of HMMR and CCNB1 have been identified recently as molecular markers of CaP progression, we postulated that DLG7 has prognostic value too. To test this hypothesis, we measured transcript levels for DLG7 in a 150-pair case-control cohort. The cases (progression to systemic disease within six years of surgery) and controls (no progression within eight years) were matched for clinical and pathologic prognostic variables, including grade, stage, and preoperative serum levels of PSA. The overall prognostic ability of DLG7, as tested in receiver operating characteristic analysis was of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.8). Overall, our data indicate that expression of DLG7, a hypoxia-controlled gene, holds prognostic potential in high-risk CaP; this also demonstrates that variation of oxygen tension may constitute a tool for identification of novel biomarkers for CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian R. Gomez
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Farhad Kosari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jan-Marie Munz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Claire A. Schreiber
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gaylord J. Knutson
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cristiane M. Ida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - R. Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John C. Cheville
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - George Vasmatzis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Stanimir Vuk-Pavlović
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Hansel DE, Zhang Z, Petillo D, Teh BT. Gene profiling suggests a common evolution of bladder cancer subtypes. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6:42. [PMID: 24134934 PMCID: PMC4015777 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer exists as several distinct subtypes, including urothelial carcinoma (UCa), squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa), adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. These entities, despite showing distinct morphology and clinical behavior, arise from the urothelial lining and are often accompanied by similar precursor/in situ findings. The relationship between these subtypes has not been explored in detail. Methods We compared gene expression analysis of the two most common subtypes of bladder cancer, UCa (n = 10) and SCCa (n = 9), with an additional comparison to normal urothelium from non-cancer patients (n = 8) using Affymetrix GeneChip Human genome arrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). The results were stratified by supervised and unsupervised clustering analysis, as well as by overall fold change in gene expression. Results When compared to normal urothelium, UCa showed differential expression of 155 genes using a 5-fold cut-off. Examples of differentially regulated genes included topoisomerases, cancer-related transcription factors and cell cycle mediators. A second comparison of normal urothelium to SCCa showed differential expression of 503 genes, many of which were related to squamous-specific morphology (desmosomal complex, intermediate filaments present within squamous epithelium, squamous cornifying proteins, and molecules upregulated in squamous carcinomas from other anatomic sites). When compared, 137 genes were commonly dysregulated in both UCa and SCCa as compared to normal urothelium. All dysregulated genes in UCa were shared in common with SCCa, with the exception of only 18 genes. Supervised clustering analysis yielded correct classification of lesions in 26/27 (96%) of cases and unsupervised clustering analysis yielded correct classification in 25/27 (92.6%) of cases. Conclusions The results from this analysis suggest that bladder SCCa shares a significant number of gene expression changes with conventional UCa, but also demonstrates an additional set of alterations that is unique to this entity that defines the squamous phenotype. The similarity in deregulated gene products suggests that SCCa may be a much more closely related entity at the molecular level to conventional UCa than previously hypothesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna E Hansel
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0612, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Risinger JI, Allard J, Chandran U, Day R, Chandramouli GVR, Miller C, Zahn C, Oliver J, Litzi T, Marcus C, Dubil E, Byrd K, Cassablanca Y, Becich M, Berchuck A, Darcy KM, Hamilton CA, Conrads TP, Maxwell GL. Gene expression analysis of early stage endometrial cancers reveals unique transcripts associated with grade and histology but not depth of invasion. Front Oncol 2013; 3:139. [PMID: 23785665 PMCID: PMC3683664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States but it remains poorly understood at the molecular level. This investigation was conducted to specifically assess whether gene expression changes underlie the clinical and pathologic factors traditionally used for determining treatment regimens in women with stage I endometrial cancer. These include the effect of tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion and histotype. We utilized oligonucleotide microarrays to assess the transcript expression profile in epithelial glandular cells laser microdissected from 79 endometrioid and 12 serous stage I endometrial cancers with a heterogeneous distribution of grade and depth of myometrial invasion, along with 12 normal post-menopausal endometrial samples. Unsupervised multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that serous and endometrioid stage I cancers have similar transcript expression patterns when compared to normal controls where 900 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed by at least fourfold (univariate t-test, p < 0.001) between the cancers and normal endometrium. This analysis also identified transcript expression differences between serous and endometrioid cancers and tumor grade, but no apparent differences were identified as a function of depth of myometrial invasion. Four genes were validated by quantitative PCR on an independent set of cancer and normal endometrium samples. These findings indicate that unique gene expression profiles are associated with histologic type and grade, but not myometrial invasion among early stage endometrial cancers. These data provide a comprehensive perspective on the molecular alterations associated with stage I endometrial cancer, particularly those subtypes that have the worst prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John I Risinger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University , Grand Rapids, MI , USA
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Nakamori Y, Liu B, Ohishi K, Suzuki K, Ino K, Matsumoto T, Masuya M, Nishikawa H, Shiku H, Hamada H, Katayama N. Human bone marrow stromal cells simultaneously support B and T/NK lineage development from human haematopoietic progenitors: a principal role for flt3 ligand in lymphopoiesis. Br J Haematol 2012; 157:674-86. [PMID: 22463758 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of human early lymphopoiesis remains unclear. B- and T-lineage cells cannot develop simultaneously with conventional stromal cultures. Here we show that telomerized human bone marrow stromal cells supported simultaneous generation of CD19(+) CD34(lo/-) CD10(+) cyCD79a(+) CD20(+/-) VpreB(-) pro-B cells and CD7(+) CD34(+) CD45RA(+) CD56(-) cyCD3(-) early T/Natural Killer (NK) cell precursors from human haematopoietic progenitors, and the generation of both lymphoid precursors was promoted by flt3 ligand (flt3L). On the other hand, stem cell factor or thrombopoietin had little or no effect when used alone. However, both acted synergistically with flt3L to augment the generation of both lymphoid precursors. Characteristics of these lymphoid precursors were evaluated by gene expression profiles, rearrangements of IgH genes, or replating assays. Similar findings were observed with primary human bone marrow stromal cells. Notably, these two lymphoid-lineage precursors were generated without direct contact with stromal cells, indicating that early B and T/NK development can occur, at least in part, by stromal cell-derived humoral factors. In serum-free cultures, flt3L elicited similar effects and appeared particularly important for B cell development. The findings of this study identified the potential of human bone marrow stromal cells to support human early B and T lymphopoiesis and a principal role for flt3L during early lymphopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakamori
- Haematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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Loo LWM, Cheng I, Tiirikainen M, Lum-Jones A, Seifried A, Dunklee LM, Church JM, Gryfe R, Weisenberger DJ, Haile RW, Gallinger S, Duggan DJ, Thibodeau SN, Casey G, Le Marchand L. cis-Expression QTL analysis of established colorectal cancer risk variants in colon tumors and adjacent normal tissue. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30477. [PMID: 22363440 PMCID: PMC3281844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 19 risk variants associated with colorectal cancer. As most of these risk variants reside outside the coding regions of genes, we conducted cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL) analyses to investigate possible regulatory functions on the expression of neighboring genes. Forty microsatellite stable and CpG island methylator phenotype-negative colorectal tumors and paired adjacent normal colon tissues were used for genome-wide SNP and gene expression profiling. We found that three risk variants (rs10795668, rs4444235 and rs9929218, using near perfect proxies rs706771, rs11623717 and rs2059252, respectively) were significantly associated (FDR q-value ≤0.05) with expression levels of nearby genes (<2 Mb up- or down-stream). We observed an association between the low colorectal cancer risk allele (A) for rs10795668 at 10p14 and increased expression of ATP5C1 (q = 0.024) and between the colorectal cancer high risk allele (C) for rs4444235 at 14q22.2 and increased expression of DLGAP5 (q = 0.041), both in tumor samples. The colorectal cancer low risk allele (A) for rs9929218 at 16q22.1 was associated with a significant decrease in expression of both NOL3 (q = 0.017) and DDX28 (q = 0.046) in the adjacent normal colon tissue samples. Of the four genes, DLGAP5 and NOL3 have been previously reported to play a role in colon carcinogenesis and ATP5C1 and DDX28 are mitochondrial proteins involved in cellular metabolism and division, respectively. The combination of GWAS findings, prior functional studies, and the cis-eQTL analyses described here suggest putative functional activities for three of the colorectal cancer GWAS identified risk loci as regulating the expression of neighboring genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenora W M Loo
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America.
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Fragoso MCBV, Almeida MQ, Mazzuco TL, Mariani BMP, Brito LP, Gonçalves TC, Alencar GA, Lima LDO, Faria AM, Bourdeau I, Lucon AM, Freire DS, Latronico AC, Mendonca BB, Lacroix A, Lerario AM. Combined expression of BUB1B, DLGAP5, and PINK1 as predictors of poor outcome in adrenocortical tumors: validation in a Brazilian cohort of adult and pediatric patients. Eur J Endocrinol 2012; 166:61-7. [PMID: 22048964 DOI: 10.1530/eje-11-0806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent microarray study identified a set of genes whose combined expression patterns were predictive of poor outcome in a cohort of adult adrenocortical tumors (ACTs). The difference between the expression values measured by qRT-PCR of DLGAP5 and PINK1 genes was the best molecular predictor of recurrence and malignancy. Among the adrenocortical carcinomas, the combined expression of BUB1B and PINK1 genes was the most reliable predictor of overall survival. The prognostic and molecular heterogeneity of ACTs raises the need to study the applicability of these molecular markers in other cohorts. OBJECTIVE To validate the combined expression of BUB1B, DLGAP5, and PINK1 as outcome predictor in ACTs from a Brazilian cohort of adult and pediatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS BUB1B, DLGAP5, and PINK1 expression was assessed by quantitative PCR in 53 ACTs from 52 patients - 24 pediatric and 28 adults (one pediatric patient presented a bilateral asynchronous ACT). RESULTS DLGAP5-PINK1 and BUB1B-PINK1 were strong predictors of disease-free survival and overall survival, respectively, among adult patients with ACT. In the pediatric cohort, these molecular predictors were only marginally associated with disease-free survival but not with overall survival. CONCLUSION This study confirms the prognostic value of the combined expression of BUB1B, DLGAP5, and PINK1 genes in a Brazilian group of adult ACTs. Among pediatric ACTs, other molecular predictors of outcome are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Candida B V Fragoso
- Unidade de Suprarrenal, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular/LIM42 da Disciplina de Endocrinologie Metabologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar 155, 20 andar, Bloco 6, CEP: 05403900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Chang ML, Lin SM, Yeh CT. HURP expression-assisted risk scores identify prognosis distinguishable subgroups in early stage liver cancer. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26323. [PMID: 22022601 PMCID: PMC3195707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatoma up-regulated protein (HURP) is a component of the chromatin-dependent pathway for spindle assembly. We examined the prognostic predictive value of HURP in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS HURP expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry of fine needle aspirated hepatoma cells in 97 HCC patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A. Subsequently, these patients underwent partial hepatectomy (n = 18) or radiofrequency ablation (n = 79) and were followed for 2 to 35 months. The clinicopathological parameters were submitted for survival analysis. RESULTS HURP expression in aspirated HCC cells was detected in 19.6% patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that positive HURP expression (P = 0.023), cytological grading ≥3 (P = 0.008), AFP ≥35 ng/mL (P = 0.039), bilirubin ≥1.3 mg/dL (P = 0.010), AST ≥50 U/L (P = 0.003) and ALT ≥35 U/L (P = 0.005) were all associated with a shorter disease-free survival. A stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazard model revealed that positive HURP expression (HR, 2.334; 95% CI, 1.165-4.679, P = 0.017), AST ≥50 U/L (HR, 3.697; 95% CI, 1.868-7.319, p<0.001), cytological grade ≥3 (HR, 4.249; 95% CI, 2.061-8.759, P<0.001) and tumor number >1 (HR, 2.633; 95% CI, 1.212-5.722, P = 0.014) were independent predictors for disease-free survival. By combining the 4 independent predictors, patients with different risk scores (RS) showed distinguishable disease-free survival (RS≤1 vs. RS = 2, P = 0.001; RS = 2 vs. RS = 3, P<0.001). In contrast, the patients cannot be separated into prognosis distinguishable subgroups by using AJCC/UICC TNM staging system. CONCLUSION HCC patients with BCLC stage A can be separated into three prognosis-distinguishable groups by use of a risk score that is based upon HURP expression in aspirated HCC cells, ALT, cytological grade and tumor number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ling Chang
- Liver Research Center and Department of Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ming Lin
- Liver Research Center and Department of Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center and Department of Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kuo TC, Lu HP, Chao CCK. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to taxol by suppressing the HURP protein. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:184-94. [PMID: 21549688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP) represents a putative oncogene that is overexpressed in many human cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HURP plays an important role during mitotic spindle formation, a process that is targeted by various anti-cancer drugs like taxol. However, the role of HURP during the establishment of taxol chemoresistance in HCC remains unclear. In this study, we observed that high HURP protein level correlates with taxol resistance in HCC cells. Following HURP knockdown, HCC cells show a more sensitive response to taxol treatment. Notably, sorafenib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of HCC, inhibits HURP expression primarily at the transcriptional level and sensitizes HCC cells to sub-lethal doses of taxol. By using real-time PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed that the NF-κB family member c-Rel represents a putative transcription factor that activates HURP gene expression. In addition, the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on HURP expression was attributed to a reduced translation and nuclear translocation of c-Rel. Accordingly, downregulation of c-Rel using short-hairpin RNA was shown to reduce HURP protein level and enhance taxol-induced cell death. Taken together, our results indicate that HURP acts as a novel survival protein that protects HCC cells against taxol-induced cell death. In addition, the regulation of HURP gene expression by NF-κB signaling appears to be critical for the response of HCC cells to taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Kowalczyk M, Waldron K, Kresnowati P, Danquah MK. Process challenges relating to hematopoietic stem cell cultivation in bioreactors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 38:761-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-011-0951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Identification of gene markers associated with aggressive meningioma by filtering across multiple sets of gene expression arrays. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2011; 70:1-12. [PMID: 21157382 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182018f1c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors, but relatively little is known about the genetic events responsible for their clinical diversity. Although recent genomic studies have provided clues, the genes identified often differ among publications. We used microarray expression profiling to identify genes that are differentially expressed, with at least a 4-fold change, between grade I and grade III meningiomas. We filtered this initial set of potential biomarkers through a second cohort of meningiomas and then verified the remaining genes by quantitative polymerase chain reaction followed by examination using a third microarray expression cohort. Using this approach, we identified 9 overexpressed (TPX2, RRM2, TOP2A, PI3, BIRC5, CDC2, NUSAP1, DLG7, SOX11) and 2 underexpressed (TIMP3, KCNMA1) genes in grade III versus grade I meningiomas. As a further validation step, we analyzed these genes in a fourth cohort and found that patients with grade II meningiomas with high topoisomerase 2-α protein expressions (>5% labeling index) had shorter times to death than patients with low expressions. We believe that this multistep multi-cohort approach provides a robust method for reducing false-positives while generating a list of reproducible candidate genes that are associated with clinically aggressive meningiomas and are suitable for analysis for their potential prognostic value.
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Characterization and Classification of Stem Cells. Regen Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-9075-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Kuo TC, Chao CCK. Hepatitis B virus X protein prevents apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by upregulating SATB1 and HURP expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1093-102. [PMID: 20541537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein X from hepatitis B virus (HBV) appears to play a critical role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The hepatoma upregulated protein (HURP) is also upregulated in a majority of HCC cases, therefore suggesting that HURP represents an oncogene. In this study, we describe a link between the viral protein HBx, HURP, and the establishment of cisplatin chemoresistance in HCC cells. Hep3B cells which express HBx displayed increased levels of HURP mRNA and protein, and showed resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of HURP in HBx-expressing cells reversed this effect and sensitized Hep3B cells to cisplatin. Interestingly, SATB1, a global gene regulator which is often overexpressed in malignant breast cancer, was also induced following expression of HBx. The anti-apoptotic effect of HBx was shown to require activation of the p38/MAPK pathway in Hep3B cells. In addition, the expression of survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, was also upregulated by HBx in an HURP-dependent manner. Taken together, these results indicate that HBx activates the expression of HURP via the p38/MAPK pathway and the SATB1 protein, culminating with the accumulation of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. Our findings illustrate the role of the viral protein HBx in preventing apoptosis during cancer progression and establishment of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ching Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, ROC
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Vital AL, Tabernero MD, Castrillo A, Rebelo O, Tão H, Gomes F, Nieto AB, Resende Oliveira C, Lopes MC, Orfao A. Gene expression profiles of human glioblastomas are associated with both tumor cytogenetics and histopathology. Neuro Oncol 2010; 12:991-1003. [PMID: 20484145 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noq050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing knowledge about the genetic alterations and molecular pathways involved in gliomas, few studies have investigated the association between the gene expression profiles (GEP) and both cytogenetics and histopathology of gliomas. Here, we analyzed the GEP (U133Plus2.0 chip) of 40 gliomas (35 astrocytic tumors, 3 oligodendrogliomas, and 2 mixed tumors) and their association with tumor cytogenetics and histopathology. Unsupervised and supervised analyses showed significantly different GEP in low- vs high-grade gliomas, the most discriminating genes including genes involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair, and signal transduction. In turn, among glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), 3 subgroups of tumors were identified according to their GEP, which were closely associated with the cytogenetic profile of their ancestral tumor cell clones: (i) EGFR amplification, (ii) isolated trisomy 7, and (iii) more complex karyotypes. In summary, our results show a clear association between the GEP of gliomas and tumor histopathology; additionally, among grade IV astrocytoma, GEP are significantly associated with the cytogenetic profile of the ancestral tumor cell clone. Further studies in larger series of patients are necessary to confirm our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Vital
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Monticone M, Biollo E, Fabiano A, Fabbi M, Daga A, Romeo F, Maffei M, Melotti A, Giaretti W, Corte G, Castagnola P. z-Leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal induces apoptosis of human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells by proteasome inhibition and mitotic arrest response. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:1822-34. [PMID: 19861404 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-secretase inhibitors have been proposed as drugs able to kill cancer cells by targeting the NOTCH pathway. Here, we investigated two of such inhibitors, the Benzyloxicarbonyl-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHO (LLNle) and the N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT), to assess whether they were effective in killing human glioblastoma tumor-initiating cells (GBM TIC) in vitro. We found that only LLNle was able at the micromolar range to induce the death of GBM TICs by apoptosis. To determine the cellular processes that were activated in GBM TICs by treatment with LLNle, we analyzed the amount of the NOTCH intracellular domain and the gene expression profiles following treatment with LLNle, DAPT, and DMSO (vehicle). We found that LLNIe, beside inhibiting the generation of the NOTCH intracellular domain, also induces proteasome inhibition, proteolytic stress, and mitotic arrest in these cells by repressing genes required for DNA synthesis and mitotic progression and by activating genes acting as mitotic inhibitors. DNA content flow cytometry clearly showed that cells treated with LLNle undergo arrest in the G(2)-M phases of the cell cycle. We also found that DAPT and L-685,458, another selective Notch inhibitor, were unable to kill GBM TICs, whereas lactacystin, a pure proteasome inhibitor, was effective although at a much less extent than LLNle. These data show that LLNle kills GBM TIC cells by inhibiting the proteasome activity. We suggest that LLNle, being able to target two relevant pathways for GBM TIC survival, may have a potential therapeutic value that deserves further investigation in animal models.
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de Reyniès A, Assié G, Rickman DS, Tissier F, Groussin L, René-Corail F, Dousset B, Bertagna X, Clauser E, Bertherat J. Gene expression profiling reveals a new classification of adrenocortical tumors and identifies molecular predictors of malignancy and survival. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27:1108-15. [PMID: 19139432 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.18.5678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical tumors, especially cancers, remain challenging both for their diagnosis and prognosis assessment. The aim of this article is to identify molecular predictors of malignancy and of survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred fifty-three unilateral adrenocortical tumors were studied by microarray (n = 92) or reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (n = 148). A two-gene predictor of malignancy was built using the disease-free survival as the end point in a training cohort (n = 47), then validated in an independent validation cohort (n = 104). The best candidate genes were selected using Cox models, and the best gene combination was validated using the log-rank test. Similarly, for malignant tumors, a two-gene predictor of survival was built using the overall survival as the end point in a training cohort (n = 23), then tested in an independent validation cohort (n = 35). RESULTS Unsupervised clustering analysis discriminated robustly the malignant and benign tumors, and identified two groups of malignant tumors with very different outcome. The combined expression of DLG7 and PINK1 was the best predictor of disease-free survival (log-rank P approximately 10(-12)), could overcome the uncertainties of intermediate pathological Weiss scores, and remained significant after adjustment to the Weiss score (P < 1.3 x 10(-2)). Among the malignant tumors, the combined expression of BUB1B and PINK1 was the best predictor of overall survival (P < 2 x 10(-6)), and remained significant after adjusting for MacFarlane staging (P < .005). CONCLUSION Gene expression analysis unravels two distinct groups of adrenocortical carcinomas. The molecular predictors of malignancy and of survival are reliable and provide valuable independent information in addition to pathology and tumor staging. These original tools should provide important improvements for adrenal tumors management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien de Reyniès
- Service des Maladies Endocriniennes et Métaboliques, Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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Perugi F, Muriaux D, Ramirez BC, Chabani S, Decroly E, Darlix JL, Blot V, Pique C. Human Discs Large is a new negative regulator of human immunodeficiency virus-1 infectivity. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 20:498-508. [PMID: 18946087 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e08-02-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication is positively or negatively regulated through multiple interactions with host cell proteins. We report here that human Discs Large (Dlg1), a scaffold protein recruited beneath the plasma membrane and involved in the assembly of multiprotein complexes, restricts HIV-1 infectivity. The endogenous Dlg1 and HIV-1 Gag polyprotein spontaneously interact in HIV-1-chronically infected T cells. Depleting endogenous Dlg1 in either adherent cells or T cells does not affect Gag maturation, production, or release, but it enhances the infectivity of progeny viruses five- to sixfold. Conversely, overexpression of Dlg1 reduces virus infectivity by approximately 80%. Higher virus infectivity upon Dlg1 depletion correlates with increased Env content in cells and virions, whereas the amount of virus-associated Gag or genomic RNA remains identical. Dlg1 knockdown is also associated with the redistribution and colocalization of Gag and Env toward CD63 and CD82 positive vesicle-like structures, including structures that seem to still be connected to the plasma membrane. This study identifies both a new negative regulator that targets the very late steps of the HIV-1 life cycle, and an assembly pathway that optimizes HIV-1 infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Perugi
- Department of Cell Biology, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France
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