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Zapata Laguado M, Contreras Mejia F, Pereira Garzon M. Follow-Up of Patients Diagnosed With Germinal Testicular Tumors (Seminomas and Non-seminomatous) Treated With a Bone Marrow Transplant and a High Dose of Chemotherapy. Cureus 2024; 16:e61887. [PMID: 38978935 PMCID: PMC11228413 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Germinal testicular tumors are the most common malignant neoplasm in men around 20 to 34 years. Even though they are unusual, they have increased incidence in the last decade; they have an excellent prognosis and overall survival at five years, approximately 95%. Divergent data exists regarding treatment options in patients with first, second, and third relapses with conventional therapy. Some studies describe the possible benefit of using high-dose chemotherapy associated with a bone marrow transplant with variable results. METHODS The present study describes clinical outcomes, clinical response, mortality, overall survival, and progression-free survival to two years in a group of patients with germinal malignant tumors, seminoma versus non-seminomatous with evidence of progression of the disease at first, second, or third conventional chemotherapy regimens, and who received high dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation at the National Cancer Institute between 2010 and 2021. RESULTS A retrospective observational study of case series showed that 57% of patients in third-line therapy received high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation, with progression disease median time from diagnosis more than two years. Patients in the post-graft period presented infectious complications (71%). The most common were febrile neutropenia (29%) with a mortality rate of 71% (n=5), progression-free survival of 2.3 months, and overall survival of 7.4 months. CONCLUSIONS These results show that in this group of patients, regimens with high-dose chemotherapy associated with bone marrow transplants, have a worse prognosis compared to other cohorts of patients, and may not be the best candidates for this rescue therapy.
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Aksun MS, Ucgul E, Sahin TK, Guven DC, Aksoy S. Nivolumab for the salvage treatment of desperate germ cell tumor: A case report. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2020; 27:1516-1519. [PMID: 33283628 DOI: 10.1177/1078155220977638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common tumor in young men. Their distinctive feature is the exceptional response to platin based combination chemotherapy.Since the prognosis is poor in relapsed and refractory patients, the immune checkpoint inhibitors are candidate agents in these patients although clinical trials are mostly lacking. Herein, we describe a patient with a refractory nonseminomatous GCT using nivolumab as a last resort therapy and provided long term response without any significant toxicity. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old male presented with the complaint of flank pain eleven years ago. The patient underwent a retroperitoneal lymph node excision and pathology reported as the mixed germ cell tumor. There were no mass in the testicles and the patient was diagnosed with a primary retroperitoneal GCT. Since the disease has progressed under multiple lines of chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation, treatment was started with nivolumab. MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME The patient started to treatment with nivolumab 3 mg/kg two weekly as a last resort treatment. The nivolumab was continued and the patient's response to this treatment is ongoing and has been stable for 13 months. DISCUSSION There are limited treatment options in platinum-refractory germ cell tumors. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors tried in this setting with some success in especially non-seminomatous GCTs. We see a good response and prolonged benefit with the use of nivolumab in our patient. Further research including prospective studies on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in platinum-resistant testicular cancer can further delineate the role of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Aksun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - E Ucgul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T K Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D C Guven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Aksoy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
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Syu SH, Chang CL, Shih HJ. Testicular mixed germ cell tumor presenting with seizure as the initial symptom: a case report and literature review. Int Braz J Urol 2019; 45:629-633. [PMID: 30912892 PMCID: PMC6786113 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2018.0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with testicular germ cell tumor present with a painless scrotal mass. We report a 19-year-old patient who presented with neurological complains. Rapid clinical progression to coma was noted during the staging work up. A diagnosis of testicular mixed germ cell tumor with multiorgan metastasis (lymph node, lung, liver and brain) was made. Patients with brain metastasis should receive chemotherapy alone or combined with surgery or radiotherapy. Because the clinical symptoms deteriorated quickly, surgery was used upfront followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the brain tumor. After the first stage of treatment, the clinical symptoms, tumor markers and imaging findings were improved. The residual brain tumor was eliminated by chemotherapy, and only sparse degenerated tumor cells were noted in the brain tissue. Longer follow up is required to assess the impact of our treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Hao Syu
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Chang
- Department of Hematology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Semaan A, Haddad FG, Eid R, Kourie HR, Nemr E. Immunotherapy: last bullet in platinum refractory germ cell testicular cancer. Future Oncol 2019; 15:533-541. [PMID: 30624089 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular germ cell tumors are chemosensitive with very high cure-rates even in the metastatic setting. However, patients with platinum-refractory and relapsing tumors after autologous stem cell transplant have very poor outcomes despite salvage treatments, and with no effective alternative therapies. Immunotherapy, notably with PD-1 inhibitors, has proven to be very effective in treating various solid tumors. This review summarizes the experience with anti-PD-1 agents (pembrolizumab, nivolumab) in the treatment of testicular germ cell tumor relapsing after multiple lines of treatment, and exposes future trials evaluating newer checkpoint inhibitors in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Semaan
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fady Gh Haddad
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Roland Eid
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Nemr
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Targeted therapies in germ cell tumors. Urol Oncol 2014; 33:363-9. [PMID: 25544153 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Blancas I, Cárdenas N, Delgado M, Jurado JM, Legeren M, Villaescusa A, Galvez F, Yelamos M. Late relapse of non-seminomatous testicular cancer during treatment of multiple sclerosis with interferon β-1a: A case report. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2179-2182. [PMID: 25289098 PMCID: PMC4186558 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 95% of malignant tumors arising in the testes. The present study reports a patient diagnosed with non-seminomatous testicular cancer, stage IB, with a good risk prediction according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group classification. The patient received chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, and achieved complete remission. Eleven years later, while receiving treatment with interferon β-1a for multiple sclerosis, the patient developed a relapse of the original cancer in the lungs and lymph nodes. The majority of GCTs relapse within the first two years of treatment, while 2–4% of patients can present with late relapses. There is no clear established association between multiple sclerosis and testicular cancer; we present the hypothesis that the inmunosupressor treatment that was administered for the multiple sclerosis promoted the cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Blancas
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Nuria Cárdenas
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Mayte Delgado
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | | | - Marta Legeren
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Ana Villaescusa
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Fernando Galvez
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
| | - Marisol Yelamos
- Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Granada 18012, Spain
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Subbiah V, Meric-Bernstam F, Mills GB, Shaw KRM, Bailey AM, Rao P, Ward JF, Pagliaro LC. Next generation sequencing analysis of platinum refractory advanced germ cell tumor sensitive to Sunitinib (Sutent®) a VEGFR2/PDGFRβ/c-kit/ FLT3/RET/CSF1R inhibitor in a phase II trial. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:52. [PMID: 25085632 PMCID: PMC4237879 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germ cell tumors (GCT) are the most common solid tumors in adolescent and young adult males (age 15 and 35 years) and remain one of the most curable of all solid malignancies. However a subset of patients will have tumors that are refractory to standard chemotherapy agents. The management of this refractory population remains challenging and approximately 400 patients continue to die every year of this refractory disease in the United States. Methods Given the preclinical evidence implicating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in the biology of germ cell tumors, we hypothesized that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor sunitinib (Sutent) may possess important clinical activity in the treatment of this refractory disease. We proposed a Phase II efficacy study of sunitinib in seminomatous and non-seminomatous metastatic GCT’s refractory to first line chemotherapy treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912912). Next generation targeted exome sequencing using HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was performed on the tumor sample of the unusual responder. Results Five patients are enrolled into this Phase II study. Among them we report here the clinical course of a patient (Patient # 5) who had an exceptional response to sunitinib. Next generation sequencing to understand this patient’s response to sunitinib revealed RET amplification, EGFR and KRAS amplification as relevant aberrations. Oncoscan MIP array were employed to validate the copy number analysis that confirmed RET gene amplification. Conclusion Sunitinib conferred clinical benefit to this heavily pre-treated patient. Next generation sequencing of this ‘exceptional responder’ identified the first reported case of a RET amplification as a potential basis of sensitivity to sunitinib (VEGFR2/PDGFRβ/c-kit/ FLT3/RET/CSF1R inhibitor) in a patient with refractory germ cell tumor. Further characterization of GCT patients using biomarkers for clinical response and patient selection is warranted. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912912
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 455, Houston 77030, Texas, USA.
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Micali S, Maggisano V, Cesinaro A, Celano M, Territo A, Reggiani Bonetti L, Sponziello M, Migaldi M, Navarra M, Bianchi G, Filetti S, Russo D. Sodium/iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas. J Endocrinol 2013; 216:125-33. [PMID: 23117572 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most frequent cancer in young men. The large majority of patients have a good prognosis, but in a small group of tumors, the current treatments are not effective. Radioiodine is routinely used in the treatment of thyroid cancer and is currently investigated as a potential therapeutic tool even for extra-thyroid tumors able to concentrate this radioisotope. Expression of Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS (SLC5A5)), the glycoprotein responsible for iodide transport, has been demonstrated in normal testicular tissue. In this study, we analyzed NIS expression in a large series of testicular carcinomas. Our retrospective series included 107 patients operated for testicular tumors: 98 typical seminomas, six embryonal carcinomas, one mixed embryonal choriocarcinoma, and two Leydig cells tumors. Expression and regulation of NIS mRNA and protein levels were also investigated in human embryonal testicular carcinoma cells (NTERA) by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of NIS in the large majority of seminomas (90/98) and embryonal carcinomas (5/7) of the testis but not in Leydig cell carcinomas. Expression of NIS protein was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion. In NTERA cells treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitors SAHA and valproic acid, a significant increase in NIS mRNA (about 60- and 30-fold vs control, P<0.001 and P<0.01 respectively) and protein levels, resulting in enhanced ability to uptake radioiodine, was observed. Finally, NIS expression in testicular tumors with the more aggressive behavior is of interest for the potential use of targeting NIS to deliver radioiodine in malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Micali
- Departments of Urology Pathology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
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Parkinson CA, Hatcher HM, Earl HM, Ajithkumar TV. Multidisciplinary management of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. Gynecol Oncol 2011; 121:625-36. [PMID: 21353692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT) are rare cancers of young women. Limited prospective trials exist from which evidence-based management can be developed. This review summarizes the available literature concerning MOGT in order to provide the clinician with information relevant to their multidisciplinary management. METHODS MEDLINE was searched between 1966 and 2010 for all publications in English where the studied population included women diagnosed with malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. RESULTS The majority of patients can be cured with fertility-preserving surgery with or without combination chemotherapy. Long term survival approaches 100% in early stage disease and is approximately 75% in advanced stage disease. Most studies suggest that the treatment has little, if any, effect on future fertility and limited data suggest that there is no adverse effect on the future quality of life. CONCLUSION MOGCTs are rare tumours of young women the majority of which can be successfully treated with fertility-preserving surgery with or without chemotherapy with preservation of reproductive function. Minimisation of chemotherapy in good prognostic groups and improved treatment in resistant and relapsed MOGCT are important goals for the future. Further studies are needed to quantify the late adverse effects of treatment in long term survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Parkinson
- Medical Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Terakawa T, Miyake H, Muramaki M, Takenaka A, Fujisawa M. Salvage chemotherapy with methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D in men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with a choriocarcinoma component: a preliminary report. Int J Urol 2010; 17:881-5. [PMID: 20731738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the use of salvage chemotherapy using methotrexate, etoposide and actinomycin D (MEA) in men with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) with a choriocarcinoma component. Nine patients were included. They had initially received bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin, and high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide as induction chemotherapies. However, they failed to achieve the normalization of ß-human chorionic gonadotropin (ß-HCG). Therefore, MEA therapy (methotrexate: 450 mg/body on day 1, actinomycin D: 0.5 mg/body on days 1–5, etoposide: 100 mg/body on days 1–5) was subsequently administered. After MEA therapy (median: 3 cycles), serum ß-HCG was normalized in five of the nine patients. Of these five, three achieved long-term disease-free survival and one died of disease unrelated to NSGCT, whereas the remaining patient developed disease recurrence and died of disease progression. All four patients who failed to achieve the normalization of ß-HCG died of disease progression. Although several severe toxicities greater than grade 3, which were mainly associated with bone marrow suppression, occurred in all patients, there was no treatment-related death. Considering the current outcomes, MEA regimen could be an attractive option as a salvage chemotherapy for metastatic NSGCT patients with a choriocarcinoma component showing resistance to intensive conventional chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Terakawa
- Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Mueller T, Mueller LP, Holzhausen HJ, Witthuhn R, Albers P, Schmoll HJ. Histological evidence for the existence of germ cell tumor cells showing embryonal carcinoma morphology but lacking OCT4 expression and cisplatin sensitivity. Histochem Cell Biol 2010; 134:197-204. [PMID: 20532795 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-010-0710-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The biological basis for manifestation of chemotherapy resistance in metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) remains obscure and is of particular clinical interest. In nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT) the pluripotent embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are the precursors of the manifold differentiated structures but also drive the malignant growth. They are known to be hypersensitive towards DNA-damaging agents and to express the embryonal transcription factor OCT4. We recently characterized EC cells that lack OCT4 expression and show cisplatin resistance. In the present, immunohistochemical study we analyzed the composition of NSGCT with the focus on such OCT4-negative EC cells using a NSGCT xenograft model as well as patient-derived NSGCT samples. In the xenograft model, the cisplatin-sensitive cell line H12.1 gives rise to xenografts where EC structures are mainly composed of OCT4-positive cells, whereas xenografts from the resistant cell line 1411HP exclusively comprise OCT4-negative EC areas. We found that post-chemotherapy residual metastatic tumors of patients can be comprised of exclusively OCT4-negative EC, whereas the matched testicular primary tumor harbors OCT4-positive EC. Thorough histological analyses revealed a few examples of such OCT4-negative EC cells also in the testicular primary tumor as well as in xenografts from the cisplatin-sensitive NSGCT-cell line. For these cells we propose an identity as early extraembryonal progenitor cells directly derived from OCT4-expressing EC cells. This challenges the use of the term EC cell. The data also support our hypothesis that malignant growth of resistant NSGCT may be driven by this cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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Kienle GS, Kiene H. Review article: Influence of Viscum album L (European mistletoe) extracts on quality of life in cancer patients: a systematic review of controlled clinical studies. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 9:142-57. [PMID: 20483874 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410369673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate controlled clinical studies on the efficacy and effectiveness of Viscum album for quality of life (QoL) in cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors conducted a search of 7 electronic databases and reference lists and had extensive consultations with experts. They carried out a criteria-based assessment of methodological study quality. RESULTS The authors identified 26 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 non-RCTs that investigated the influence of V album extracts (VAEs) on QoL in malignant diseases; 26 studies assessed patient-reported QoL. Questionnaires were mostly well established and validated. Half of the studies investigated VAEs concomitant with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery. Some studies were well designed, whereas others had minor or major methodological weaknesses. Among the 26 RCTs, 22 reported a QoL benefit, 3 indicated no difference, and 1 did not report any result. All the non-RCTs reported a QoL benefit. Of the studies with higher methodological quality, most reported a benefit, whereas 1 found no difference. Improvements were mainly in regard to coping, fatigue, sleep, exhaustion, energy, nausea, vomiting, appetite, depression, anxiety, ability to work, and emotional and functional well-being in general and, less consistently, in regard to pain, diarrhea, general performance, and side effects of conventional treatments. VAEs were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS VAEs seem to have an impact on QoL and reduction of side effects of conventional therapies (chemotherapy, radiation) in experimental trials as well as in routine daily application. The influence on fatigue especially should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunver S Kienle
- Institute for Applied Epistemology and Medical Methodology, Zechenweg 6, Freiburg, Germany.
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Karadimou A, Dimopoulos MA, Bamias A. The role of high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of testicular cancer. Open Access J Urol 2010; 2:25-30. [PMID: 24198610 PMCID: PMC3818874 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s6571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer is a highly curable neoplasm, even in the case of extragonadal disease. Nevertheless, patients with adverse prognostic features or relapsing after first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy have a worse prognosis with a death rate greater than 50%. High-dose chemotherapy (HDC) has long been used in this group of patients. The introduction of stem cells, instead of bone marrow, as the source of hemopoietic cells and the use of leukocyte growth factors have substantially reduced the mortality and morbidity of this procedure although the role of HDC is not well defined. This review summarizes the available data, focusing on published randomized studies. The problems associated with the design of these studies and the interpretation of data are discussed. Currently this HDC approach is mainly used in patients who relapse after first-line chemotherapy. Nevertheless, selection of patients likely to benefit from this treatment remains an issue of intense clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Karadimou
- Dept of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Aristotle Bamias
- Dept of Clinical Therapeutics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Salvage gastrectomy following a combination of biweekly paclitaxel and S-1 for stage IV gastric cancer. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:1370-5. [PMID: 18516651 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We investigated the clinical benefits of salvage gastrectomy for stage IV gastric cancer patients whose distant lesions showed complete response after chemotherapy. METHODS We enrolled 18 stage IV gastric cancer patients whose distant metastases had disappeared or were controlled by a combination of biweekly paclitaxel (PTX) and S-1. After chemotherapy, these patients received gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. The postoperative outcome was analyzed with respect to both the histological effects of chemotherapy and tumor behavior. RESULTS Of the 18 patients, 8 had distant lymph node metastases, 9 had peritoneal dissemination, and five had multiple liver metastases prior to chemotherapy. Fourteen patients received curative surgery (R0). No severe postoperative complications were encountered. Pathological evaluation revealed grade 3 and grade 2 tumor regression in the primary lesion in one and five patients, respectively, and grade 3 and grade 2 tumor regression in the lymph nodes in one and six patients, respectively. Univariate analysis of the patients' prognosis identified R number, gross tumor type, histological grade of tumor regression, and gender as significant factors. Multivariate analysis showed that only the R number was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION R0 salvage gastrectomy following a combination of biweekly PTX and S-1 may have significant clinical efficacy for advanced gastric cancer patients.
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Inoue M, Koga F, Kawakami S, Numao N, Sakura M, Kobayashi T, Kihara K. False tumor marker surge evoked by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Oncologist 2008; 13:526-9. [PMID: 18515737 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2007-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) allows multiple intensive chemotherapy treatments and hematopoietic progenitor cell rescues for poor-risk patients with a variety of malignancies. We report false surges of a tumor marker, serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), evoked by PBSCT in the course of chemotherapy for a poor-risk testicular cancer patient. We confirmed that this phenomenon resulted from reinfusion of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) containing hCG at a high concentration, collected when the patient's serum hCG levels were remarkably elevated. This is the first report to demonstrate false tumor marker surges caused by PBSCT. Because a rapid rise in tumor markers may demand an immediate change in the therapeutic strategy, physicians should be aware of the possibility of this phenomenon when treating poor-risk cancer patients whose tumor markers are remarkably elevated at the time of PBSC harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Inoue
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Ramírez-Camacho R, Esteban Fernández D, Verdaguer J, Gómez Gómez M, Trinidad A, García-Berrocal J, Palacios Corvillo M. Cisplatin-induced hearing loss does not correlate with intracellular platinum concentration. Acta Otolaryngol 2008; 128:505-9. [PMID: 18421602 DOI: 10.1080/00016480701635167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can be applied to organic tissues obtained from experimental animals. Hearing loss does not correlate with the platinum (Pt) concentration found in the inner ear. Drug structure and affinity to inner ear proteins could explain ototoxicity caused by cisplatin. OBJECTIVES To analyse Pt affinity for brain and ear tissues (of similar embryologic origin) in the Wistar rat and clearance gradient after a single dose, and to correlate these findings with hearing changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin at a dose of 5 mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed after obtaining auditory brain responses (ABRs) at 3, 7, 30 and 90 days (nine, seven, seven and nine animals, respectively). Brain and both temporal bones were extracted from each animal and analysed by ICP-MS to determine the absolute concentrations of the metal. Eight non-treated animals were employed as a control group. RESULTS The ABR thresholds were significantly elevated in animals from all groups after cisplatin treatment. A maximum accumulation of Pt for inner ear and brain was revealed around the first week: 3.175 (57%) and 0.342 (72%), respectively. Pt significantly accumulated in greater quantities in ear than in brain (p<0.01) and was cleared at a higher rate in brain than in ear (p<0.01) following cochlea/brain ratio analysis. No statistically significant correlation was found between amounts of Pt and hearing loss in the study animals.
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Feldman DR, Motzer RJ, Bajorin DF. Is high-dose chemotherapy effective in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors? NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE. UROLOGY 2008; 5:78-79. [PMID: 18073725 DOI: 10.1038/ncpuro0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Feldman
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Massard C, Fizazi K. Autogreffe dans les cancers du testicule. ONCOLOGIE 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10269-007-0815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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