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Sugiyama M, Arakawa A, Kogure Y, Shirakawa N, Watanabe M, Ito Y, Tanimura K, Tao K, Nakajima M, Watanabe Y, Miyagi-Maeshima A, Fukuhara S, Kataoka K, Izutsu K, Fukuda T, Ogawa C. Different phenotype relapse of myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with FGFR1 rearrangement with long remission. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30721. [PMID: 37833848 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanaka Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kogure
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nami Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuki Watanabe
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Tanimura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Nakajima
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Suguru Fukuhara
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Division of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Izutsu
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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3
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Marinelli LM, Romain JT, Ehman W, Ortega V, Velagaleti G, Gibbons TF, Nazario-Toole A, Holmes AR. Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasm with FGFR1 Rearrangement Presenting with Polycythemia Vera and T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Cancer Genet 2023; 276-277:43-47. [PMID: 37480761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with fibroblast growth factor 1 rearrangements (MLN-FGFR1) represents a rare group of hematologic neoplasms, with approximately 100 cases reported to date. A 69-year-old woman with a history of polycythemia and leukocytosis, with negative molecular testing for JAK2, CALR, and MPL, presented with diffuse adenopathy. A lymph node (LN) biopsy revealed effacement by T-lymphoblasts, consistent with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL). A staging bone marrow (BM) biopsy demonstrated trilineage hyperplasia, which, taken together with the patient's elevated hemoglobin and low serum erythropoietin level, fulfilled diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera. Karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization on both the BM and LN demonstrated a FGFR1 rearrangement due to t(8;13), consistent with MLN-FGFR1. Whole genome sequencing on the LN additionally identified a pathogenic frameshift mutation of ASXL1 NC_000020.11:g32434646dup NM_015338.6(ASXL1):c.1934dup p.(Gly646Trpfs) predicted to result in loss of protein function, a finding also observed in 8.1% of BM reads. Both the BM and LN harbored missense variants in HDAC4 NM_001378414.1(HDAC4):c.[2763G>A]; [2763=] p.(Met921Ile) and CHEK2 NM_007194.4(CHEK2):c.[538C>T];[538=] p.(Arg180Cys), with an unknown significance. Despite initial response to Mini-CVD + venetoclax, the patient subsequently experienced rapid clinical deterioration and death. We report the second case of MLN-FGFR1 with an ASXL1 mutation and the first case with HDAC4 and CHEK2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Marinelli
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA, 78234.
| | - Joshua T Romain
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA, 78234.
| | - William Ehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, USA, 78229.
| | - Veronica Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, USA, 78229.
| | - Gopalrao Velagaleti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, USA, 78229.
| | - Thomas F Gibbons
- Clinical Investigations & Research Support Laboratory, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX, USA, 78236.
| | - Ashley Nazario-Toole
- Clinical Investigations & Research Support Laboratory, Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, 1100 Wilford Hall Loop, Lackland AFB, TX, USA, 78236.
| | - Allen R Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Area Laboratory Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA, 78234.
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4
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Li T, Zhang G, Zhang X, Lin H, Liu Q. The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome: Genotypic and phenotypic classification and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1015792. [PMID: 36408177 PMCID: PMC9669583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1015792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
EMS(8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome, EMS) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm with/without eosinophilia caused by a rearrangement of the FGFR1 gene at 8p11-12. It was found that all cases carry chromosome abnormalities at the molecular level, not only the previously reported chromosome translocation and insertion but also a chromosome inversion. These abnormalities produced 17 FGFR1 fusion genes, of which the most common partner genes are ZNF198 on 13q11-12 and BCR of 22q11.2. The clinical manifestations can develop into AML (acute myeloid leukemia), T-LBL (T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma), CML (chronic myeloid leukemia), CMML (chronic monomyelocytic leukemia), or mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL). Most patients are resistant to traditional chemotherapy, and a minority of patients achieve long-term clinical remission after stem cell transplantation. Recently, the therapeutic effect of targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (such as pemigatinib and infigratinib) in 8p11 has been confirmed in vitro and clinical trials. The TKIs may become an 8p11 treatment option as an alternative to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gaoling Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiuju Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Nita A, Abraham SP, Krejci P, Bosakova M. Oncogenic FGFR Fusions Produce Centrosome and Cilia Defects by Ectopic Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:1445. [PMID: 34207779 PMCID: PMC8227969 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A single primary cilium projects from most vertebrate cells to guide cell fate decisions. A growing list of signaling molecules is found to function through cilia and control ciliogenesis, including the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR). Aberrant FGFR activity produces abnormal cilia with deregulated signaling, which contributes to pathogenesis of the FGFR-mediated genetic disorders. FGFR lesions are also found in cancer, raising a possibility of cilia involvement in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Here, we focus on FGFR gene fusions, and discuss the possible mechanisms by which they function as oncogenic drivers. We show that a substantial portion of the FGFR fusion partners are proteins associated with the centrosome cycle, including organization of the mitotic spindle and ciliogenesis. The functions of centrosome proteins are often lost with the gene fusion, leading to haploinsufficiency that induces cilia loss and deregulated cell division. We speculate that this complements the ectopic FGFR activity and drives the FGFR fusion cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Sara P. Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.N.); (S.P.A.); (P.K.)
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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Chen M, Wang K, Cai X, Zhang X, Chao H, Chen S, Shen H, Wang Q, Zhang R. Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm with CEP110-FGFR1 fusion: An analysis of 16 cases show common features and poor prognosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:153-159. [PMID: 33491601 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1854493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The 8p11 myeloproliferative syndrome (EMS) is an extremely rare, generally aggressive haematologic malignancies. This study provided the clinical outcomes and therapeutic strategies for EMS patients confirmed with CEP110-FGFR1 fusion. Methods: We report here a case of translocation (8;9) (p12;q33)/CEP110-FGFR1 who received allo-HSCT and achieved molecular remission. We searched the PubMed database for relevant medical literatures published between 1992 and 2018. We generalized the laboratory results, clinical features, therapeutic outcomes for EMS with confirmed CEP110-FGFR1 fusion. Results: We identified 16 EMS cases with CEP110-FGFR1 fusions including our patient. The observed common syndrome features were characterized as follows: a male predominance, fatigue (35.7%), tonsil hypertrophy (41.7%), lymphadenopathy (53.8%), hepatosplenomegaly (54.5%). leukocytosis (greater than 20.0 × 109/L, 71.4%), coexisting of eosinophilia and monocytosis (93.3%), and frequent progression to acute leukaemia. High incidence of tonsil hypertrophy and monocytosis may be a feature of EMS with CEP110/FGFR1 fusions. The CR rate for EMS was 23.1%. One patient treated with highly selective FGFR kinase inhibitor, INCB054828, achieved complete molecular remission rapidly. Allo-HSCT was performed in 8 patients. The median survival time for those patients was 9.0 (95%CI 5.599-12.601) months, with a range between 5 and 27 months. Allogeneic HSCT could improve survival in selected patients. Conclusion: FGFR1 and RUNX1 may be potential therapeutic targets for clinical trials. More accumulation of cases is also needed to determine whether allo-HSCT could be an optimal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Chao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Changzhou Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Suning Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Bartels S, Hasemeier B, Vogtmann J, Schipper E, Büsche G, Schlue J, Kreipe H, Lehmann U. Feasibility of Combined Detection of Gene Mutations and Fusion Transcripts in Bone Marrow Trephines from Leukemic Neoplasms. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:591-598. [PMID: 32036087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations resulting in fusion genes represent important oncogenic drivers and potential therapeutic targets in rare leukemia subtypes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded trephines are frequently used in hematologic diagnostic tests and provide relevant access to leukemic cells for further studies, for example, phenotyping in bone marrow fibrosis. However, high-throughput molecular analysis of nucleic acids obtained from this material is challenging, especially the reliable detection of RNA transcripts. Sixty-three formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded bone marrow trephines of patients with chronic eosinophilic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and myeloproliferative neoplasms were analyzed for gene mutations and the presence of fusion transcripts with a commercial amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach. Fusion transcripts relevant for diagnosis and therapy could be detected and validated (by RT-PCR) in 25 patients (39.7%). Retrospectively selected material, up to 10 years old, was used for this purpose, and only one sample failed in the RNA analysis (1.6%). This study concludes that amplicon-based fusion transcript detection in bone marrow trephines is feasible and that bone marrow trephines taken for histologic assessment can also be applied for high-throughput molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Bartels
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Hasemeier
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Vogtmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Schipper
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerome Schlue
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans Kreipe
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lehmann
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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8
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Liu YT, Zhao JW, Feng J, Li QH, Chen YM, Qiu LG, Xiao ZJ, Li Y, Gong BF, Gong XY, Mi YC, Wang JX. [Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and FGFR1 rearrangement: 5 cases report and literatures review]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2019; 40:848-852. [PMID: 31775485 PMCID: PMC7364987 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
目的 分析罕见疾病伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和FGFR1重排的髓系/淋系肿瘤(即8p11骨髓增殖综合征,EMS)的临床特征、诊断及治疗。 方法 总结中国医学科学院血液病医院2014年1月至2018年5月收治的5例确诊EMS患者的临床表现、实验室特征、诊治经过及转归。 结果 5例EMS患者外周血白细胞计数均明显升高,伴有嗜酸性粒细胞绝对值增高(均值18.89×109/L);骨髓髓系极度增生,原始细胞均<5%,嗜酸性粒细胞比例增高(均值17.24%)。5例患者染色体核型各不相同,但FISH检查均存在FGFR1基因重排。发病至确诊平均时间为4.8个月,中位生存期仅14个月。 结论 EMS是一种罕见病,恶性程度高,对常规化疗反应差,生存期短,且易发生误诊漏诊,细胞遗传学及分子生物学检查有助于早期诊断。
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Liu
- Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Tianjin 300020, China
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9
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Brown LM, Bartolo RC, Davidson NM, Schmidt B, Brooks I, Challis J, Petrovic V, Khuong-Quang DA, Mechinaud F, Khaw SL, Majewski IJ, Oshlack A, Ekert PG. Targeted therapy and disease monitoring in CNTRL-FGFR1-driven leukaemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27897. [PMID: 31250523 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report two patients with leukaemia driven by the rare CNTRL-FGFR1 fusion oncogene. This fusion arises from a t(8;9)(p12;q33) translocation, and is a rare driver of biphenotypic leukaemia in children. We used RNA sequencing to report novel features of expressed CNTRL-FGFR1, including CNTRL-FGFR1 fusion alternative splicing. From this knowledge, we designed and tested a Droplet Digital PCR assay that detects CNTRL-FGFR1 expression to approximately one cell in 100 000 using fusion breakpoint-specific primers and probes. We also utilised cell-line models to show that effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which may be included in treatment regimens for this disease, are only those that block FGFR1 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Brown
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ray C Bartolo
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nadia M Davidson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Breon Schmidt
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian Brooks
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jackie Challis
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Vida Petrovic
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seong L Khaw
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ian J Majewski
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alicia Oshlack
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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