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Aberkane C, Messaï A, Messaï CR, Boussaada T. Antimicrobial resistance pattern of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli with detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates in broilers in east Algeria. Vet World 2023; 16:449-454. [PMID: 37041836 PMCID: PMC10082731 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.449-454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of colibacillosis, one of the most prevalent bacterial diseases responsible for significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of APEC isolates recovered from poultry in east Algeria and estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates.
Materials and Methods: In the slaughterhouse of Batna City (Algeria), livers indicating colibacillosis were sampled from 204 suspected carcasses with growth retardation and generalized congestion. Escherichia coli isolation and identification were performed on MacConkey agar using conventional methods and the API 20E system. Antimicrobial resistance susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase detection was carried out using the double-disk confirmation test.
Results: One hundred sixty E. coli isolates were recovered (one isolate per sample). Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline (100%), nalidixic acid (95%), ofloxacin (93.75%), doxycycline (91.87), ciprofloxacin (87.50%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.50%), gentamycin (32.50%), chloramphenicol (27.50%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (16.25%), colistin (14.37%), and nitrofurantoin (10.62%). All strains were multidrug-resistant to at least three antibiotics, and more than half (52.52%) of the isolates were resistant to at least seven antibiotics. All isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. Two E. coli isolates were ESBL producers (1.25%).
Conclusion: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli resistance to most antimicrobial agents used in poultry may lead to antimicrobial therapy failure.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, broilers, colibacillosis, Eastern Algeria, extended-spectrum β-lactamase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Aberkane
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, DEDSPAZA Laboratory, Mohamed-Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Ahmed Messaï
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, PIARA Laboratory, Mohamed-Khider University, Biskra, Algeria
| | - Chafik Redha Messaï
- Laboratory of Research Health and Animal Production, High National Veterinary School, Algiers, Algeria; Department of Biology and Agronomy, University Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi of Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
| | - Tarek Boussaada
- Scientific and Technical Research Centre for Arid Areas (CRSTRA) Biskra, Algeria
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2
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Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance of Different Phylogroups of Escherichia coli Isolates from Feces of Breeding and Laying Hens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010020. [PMID: 36671221 PMCID: PMC9854720 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal and food sources are seen as a potential transmission pathway of multi-drug resistance (MDR) micro-organisms to humans. Escherichia. coli is frequently used as an indicator of fecal contamination in the food industry and known as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Microbial contamination as a major outcome for the poultry and egg industry and is a serious public health problem. In the present study we performed the quantification of β-glucoronidase positive E. coli in 60 fecal samples of breeding and laying hens collected in Portugal in 2019. Phylogenetic and pathotypic characterization, antimicrobial susceptibility, and detection of resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were assessed. The phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization and detection of ESBL genes were assessed by real-time PCR and antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Overall, E. coli quantification was 6.03 log CFU/g in breeding hens and 6.02 log CFU/g in laying hens. The most frequent phylogroups were B1. None of the isolates was classified as diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). In total, 57% of the isolates showed MDR and 3.8% were positive for ESBL. Our study highlights that consumers may be exposed to MDR E. coli, presenting a major hazard to food safety and a risk to public health.
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Kang HJ, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Genetic characterization of third- or fourth-generation cephalosporin-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1055320. [PMID: 36504870 PMCID: PMC9732669 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1055320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins (3GC or 4 GC) are classified as "critically important antimicrobials for human medicine" by WHO, but resistance to these drugs is increasing rapidly in avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). This study investigated the distribution and genetic characteristics of 3GC- or 4 GC-resistant APEC isolates from five major integrated broiler operations in Korea. The prevalence of 3GC- or 4GC-resistant APEC isolates in 1-week-old broilers was the highest in farms of operation C (53.3%); however, the highest prevalence of these isolates in 4-week-old broilers was the highest on the farms of operation A (60.0%), followed by operations E (50.0%) and C (35.7%). All 49 3GC- or 4GC-resistant APEC isolates had at least one β-lactamase-encoding gene. The most common β-lactamase-encoding genes was extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene, bla CTX-M-15, detected in 24 isolates (49.0%), followed by bla TEM-1 (32.7%). Sixteen isolates (32.7%) harbored class 1 integrons, and four isolates (8.2%) showed different gene cassette-arrangements. However, only 1 of 26 isolates harboring class 2 integrons carried a gene cassette. Furthermore, both CRISPR 1 and 2 arrays were detected in most isolates (36 isolates; 73.5%), followed by CRISPR 2 (18.4%) and CRISPR 1 (4.1%). Interestingly, CRISPR 2 was significantly more prevalent in multidrug resistant (MDR)-APEC isolates than in non-MDR APEC isolates, whereas CRISPR 3 and 4 were significantly more prevalent in non-MDR APEC isolates (each 11.1%; p < 0.05). None of the protospacers of CRISPR arrays were directly associated with antimicrobial resistance. Our findings indicate that the distribution and characteristics of 3GC or 4GC-resistant APEC isolates differed among the integrated broiler operations; moreover, improved management protocols are needed to control the horizontal transmission of 3GC or 4GC-resistant APEC isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, South Korea,*Correspondence: Suk-Kyung Lim
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea,Young Ju Lee
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Benameur Q, Gervasi T, Giarratana F, Vitale M, Anzà D, La Camera E, Nostro A, Cicero N, Marino A. Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production of Escherichia coli Isolates from Healthy Broiler Chickens in Western Algeria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101157. [PMID: 34680738 PMCID: PMC8532970 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the virulence, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm production of Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria. E. coli strains (n = 18) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined by standard methods. Virulence and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were detected by PCR. The biofilm production was evaluated by microplate assay. All the isolates were negative for the major virulence/toxin genes tested (rfbE, fliC, eaeA, stx1), except one was stx2-positive. However, all were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Ten strains were ESBL-positive. Seven carried the β-lactamase blaTEM gene only and two co-harbored blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1 genes. One carried the blaSHV gene. Among the seven strains harboring blaTEM only, six had putative enteroaggregative genes. Two contained irp2, two contained both irp2 and astA, one contained astA and another contained aggR, astA and irp2 genes. All isolates carrying ESBL genes were non-biofilm producers, except one weak producer. The ESBL-negative isolates were moderate biofilm producers and, among them, two harbored astA, two irp2, and one aggR, astA and irp2 genes. This study highlights the spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains from healthy broiler chickens in Western Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria;
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-676-2870
| | - Filippo Giarratana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Davide Anzà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia “Adelmo Mirri”, 90141 Palermo, Italy; (M.V.); (D.A.)
| | - Erminia La Camera
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy;
| | - Andreana Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.L.C.); (A.N.); (A.M.)
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Jouini A, Klibi A, Elarbi I, Chaabene MB, Hamrouni S, Souiai O, Hanachi M, Ghram A, Maaroufi A. First Detection of Human ST131-CTX-M-15-O25-B2 Clone and High-Risk Clonal Lineages of ESBL/pAmpC-Producing E. coli Isolates from Diarrheic Poultry in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060670. [PMID: 34199696 PMCID: PMC8229138 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation of a multi-resistance clone of bacteria associated with genetic elements in diseased animals constitutes a global public health problem. Our study focused on the characterization of the support of ESBL in cefotaxime resistant E. coli (CTXR) isolates recovered from poultry with diarrhea, analysis of their clonal lineage, and virulence-associated genes. The study was carried out on 130 samples of chickens with diarrhea, collected in 2015 from poultry farms in Tunisia. Isolates of 20 CTXR E. coli strains were identified as ESBL and AmpC β- lactamase producers. The following β-lactamase genes (number of isolates) were detected: blaCTX-M-15+ blaOXA1 (4), blaCTX-M-15 + blaOXA1 + blaTEM-1b (2), blaCTX-M-1 + blaTEM-1b (9), blaCTX-M-1 (2), blaCMY2 + blaTEM-1b (3). Six E. coli harboring blaCTXM-15 were allocated to ST131-B2-O25b-; six and three blaCTX-M-1 were grouped in ST155, ST10, and ST58, respectively, related to the phylogroup D and A. The qnrB gene, the variant aac(6')-Ib-cr, and the class 1 integrons with different gene cassettes, were detected amongst our 20 isolated strains, which were classified as ExPEC and aEPEC. Our findings highlighted the emergence of the human pandemic ST131-CTX-M-15-O25-B2 clone and the high risk of such clonal lineage strains in diarrheic poultry, in Tunisia, which could constitute a risk of their transfer to healthy animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Jouini
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-71-783-022
| | - Amira Klibi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Imen Elarbi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Meriem Ben Chaabene
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Oussema Souiai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Mariem Hanachi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics-LR16IPT09, Institute Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (O.S.); (M.H.)
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna-Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Abdeljelil Ghram
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia; (A.K.); (I.E.); (M.B.C.); (S.H.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Chenouf NS, Carvalho I, Messaï CR, Ruiz-Ripa L, Mama OM, Titouche Y, Zitouni A, Hakem A, Torres C. Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Broiler Liver in the Center of Algeria, with Detection of CTX-M-55 and B2/ST131-CTX-M-15 in Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:268-276. [PMID: 32609048 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing and multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 136 broiler livers randomly purchased in 136 retail markets in Djelfa (Algeria). Isolation was performed on Hektoen agar and bacterial identification was carried out by API20E system and Maldi-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Detection of ESBLs and other resistance and integron genes, phylogenetic grouping, and molecular typing was performed by PCR and sequencing. Seventy-eight isolates (one per positive sample) were recovered: 73 E. coli and 5 K. pneumoniae. Among E. coli, 86.3% of isolates were MDR. ESBL activity was revealed in eight E. coli and five K. pneumoniae isolates (rates of 5.9% and 3.7% in analyzed samples, respectively). ESBL genes detected among E. coli were as follows (number of isolates): blaCTX-M-15 (3), blaCTX-M-1 (3), blaCTX-M-55 (1), and blaSHV-12 (1); all ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates were assigned to lineages (phylogroup/sequence type and number of isolates in parenthesis): A/ST48 (1), B1/ST6448 (1), B1/ST5087 (3), B1/ST23 (1), and B2/ST131 (two blaCTX-M-15 E. coli isolates). K. pneumoniae isolates were ascribed to sequence types ST2010 and ST3483. Regarding the 65 non-ESBL E. coli isolates, the most observed resistance genes were as follows: tet(A) (75%), blaTEM (57.1%), and sul2 (43.5%). Class1 integrons were revealed in seven non-ESBL E. coli isolates (10.7%) and two gene-cassette arrays were identified: dfrA1 and aadA1+dfrA1. Our study provides evidence that broiler-derived food from Center of Algeria constitutes a source of ESBL and/or MDR-producing Enterobacteriaceae, with detection of relevant ESBL genes and epidemic clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Safia Chenouf
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et de Valorisation des Ecosystèmes Steppiques, Université de Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria.,Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria.,Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger, Algeria.,Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Isabel Carvalho
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Laura Ruiz-Ripa
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | - Yacine Titouche
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et de Valorisation des Ecosystèmes Steppiques, Université de Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Abdelghani Zitouni
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Systèmes Microbiens (LBSM), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Kouba, Alger, Algeria
| | - Ahcène Hakem
- Laboratoire d'Exploration et de Valorisation des Ecosystèmes Steppiques, Université de Djelfa, Djelfa, Algeria.,Center of Research in Agropastoralism, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
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Meguenni N, Chanteloup N, Tourtereau A, Ahmed CA, Bounar-Kechih S, Schouler C. Virulence and antibiotic resistance profile of avian Escherichia coli strains isolated from colibacillosis lesions in central of Algeria. Vet World 2019; 12:1840-1848. [PMID: 32009764 PMCID: PMC6925048 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1840-1848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli cause extensive mortality in poultry flocks, leading to extensive economic losses. To date, in Algeria, little information has been available on virulence potential and antibiotics resistance of avian E. coli isolates. Therefore, the aim of this study was the characterization of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance profile of Algerian E. coli strains isolated from diseased broilers. Materials and Methods In this study, 43 avian E. coli strains isolated from chicken colibacillosis lesions at different years were analyzed to determine their contents in 10 virulence factors by polymerase chain reaction, antimicrobial susceptibility to 22 antibiotics belonging to six different chemical classes and genomic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Mainly E. coli isolates (58.1%) carried two at six virulence genes and the most frequent virulence gene association detected were ompT (protectin), hlyF (hemolysin) with 55.8% (p<0.001), and iroN, sitA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and iss (protectin) with 41.8% (p<0.001). Some strains were diagnosed as virulent according to their virulence gene profile. Indeed, 23.25% of the isolates harbored iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, and sitA combination, 14% ompT, hlyF, and frzorf4 (sugar metabolism), and 11,6% iroN, hlyF, ompT, iss, iutA (iron acquisition/uptake systems), and frz orf4. The chicken embryo lethality assay performed on five isolates confirmed the potential virulence of these strains. All isolates submitted to PFGE analysis yielded different genetic profiles, which revealed their diversity. Overall, 97.2% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 53.5% demonstrated multi-antimicrobial resistance to three different antimicrobial classes. The highest resistance levels were against nalidixic acid (83.4%), amoxicillin and ampicillin (83.3%), ticarcillin (80.5%), pipemidic acid (75%), and triméthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (66.6%). For beta-lactam class, the main phenotype observed belonged to broad-spectrum beta-lactamases. However, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase associated with three at six virulence factors was also detected in 13 isolates. Two of them were attested virulent as demonstrated in the embryo lethality test which constitutes a real public threat. Conclusion It would be imperative in avian production to discourage misuse while maintaining constant vigilance guidelines and regulations, to limit and rationalize antimicrobial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nacima Meguenni
- Laboratory of Analytic Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mouloud Mammeri University, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria
| | | | | | - Chafika Ali Ahmed
- Laboratory of Analytic Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Mouloud Mammeri University, Tizi Ouzou 15000, Algeria
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Barour D, Berghiche A, Boulebda N. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from cattle in Eastern Algeria. Vet World 2019; 12:1195-1203. [PMID: 31641297 PMCID: PMC6755386 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1195-1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Lack of information about the antibiotic resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from Algerian livestock prompted us to do this study to determine the different levels of antimicrobial susceptibility, antibiotic multidrug resistance (MDR) rates, and phenotypical patterns of E. coli strains isolated from healthy cattle to control the spread of animal-resistant strains to humans and the environment. Materials and Methods A total of 198 cattle were sampled (swabbed in the rectum), reared in the farms of Souk Ahras, Tebessa, and Oum el Bouaghi governorates of Eastern Algeria. Isolation of E. coli strains was performed on MacConkey agar and then the different strains were identified to the species level using an API 20E identification kit. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a panel of 13 antibiotic disks by disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The double-disk synergy test with cefotaxime and amoxicillin-clavulanate disks was used for the screening of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotypes. For colistin susceptibility, the minimum inhibitory concentration was examined using broth microdilutions technique. Results The results showed that among the 198 E. coli isolates, elevated resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (59.09%) and tetracycline (43.43%), and moderate resistance rates for cephalothin (16.16%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (15.15%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (11.62%); however, low resistance rates were found for nalidixic acid (8.08%), ciprofloxacin (7.07%), kanamycin (6.56%), cefotaxime (4.54%), chloramphenicol (4.04%), nitrofurantoin (2.52%), cefoxitin (2.02%), gentamycin (1.01%), and no resistance to colistin. However, nine extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing E. coli strains were identified. Forty-four different patterns were determined, indicating a wide variety of resistance, ranging from one antimicrobial to a combination of 10. Analysis of coresistances revealed that 63 isolates (31.82%) were susceptible to all antibiotics used in the study, 42 isolates (21.21%) were resistant to one antibiotic, 43 isolates (21.72%) were resistant to two antibiotics, 24 isolates (12.12%) resistant to three antibiotics, 26 isolates (13.13%) were resistant for more than three agents, and 45 isolates (22.73%) were MDR (which means resistant to three or more families of antibiotics). Conclusion This study demonstrates that commensal E. coli remains a potential source of antibiotic resistance in view of the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. The vast range of MDR phenotypes, especially extended-spectrum ß-lactamases producing strains, emphasizes the urgent requirement to adopt measures to control the use of antimicrobials, in particular, by private veterinarians, as well as the strengthening of veterinary surveillance networks for antimicrobial resistance to control the spread of MDR bacteria from animals to humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djanette Barour
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinarian Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.,Laboratory of Science and Technique of the Living, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Amine Berghiche
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinarian Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.,Laboratory of Science and Technique of the Living, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Nadji Boulebda
- Department of Veterinary Science, Institute of Agronomic and Veterinarian Sciences, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria.,Laboratory of Science and Technique of the Living, University of Mohamed Cherif Messaâdia, Souk Ahras, Algeria
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9
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Benameur Q, Tali-Maamar H, Assaous F, Guettou B, Rahal K, Ben-Mahdi MH. Detection of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli in the ovaries of healthy broiler breeders with emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamases producers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:163-167. [PMID: 31174693 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, antimicrobial resistant (AMR) Escherichia coli have been detected in newborn chickens suggesting their vertical transmission from breeding birds to their offspring. However, little is known about the presence of AMR E. coli in the reproductive organs of broiler breeders. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of E. coli in the ovaries of healthy broiler breeders and to study their antimicrobial resistance. Samples from broiler breeders (n = 80) collected from 80 different broiler breeder flocks were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of five antimicrobial agents were determined by Etest. PCR and sequencing were used to detect the blaESBL genes. E. coli were detected in the ovaries of thirty seven out of 80 (46.25%) sampled flocks. High levels of resistance to various first-line antimicrobial agents were recorded in E. coli isolates. This study showed that 89.18% of E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Furthermore, MDR extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli were detected in the ovaries of four different broiler breeder flocks. Molecular characterization revealed that three isolates harboured blaCTX-M-1 gene and one isolate expressed blaSHV-12 gene. In addition, one blaCTX-M-1 -producing E. coli co-harboured the blaTEM-1 gene. These findings would contribute to a better epidemiological understanding of MDR E. coli for improve existing preventive strategies in order to reduce the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in the broiler production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qada Benameur
- Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, 27000, Mostaganem, Algeria; Laboratoire de Recherche « Santé et Production Animale », Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach, 16000, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Hassiba Tali-Maamar
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Farida Assaous
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Badia Guettou
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Kheira Rahal
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Meriem-Hind Ben-Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Recherche « Santé et Production Animale », Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire d'El-Harrach, 16000, Algiers, Algeria; Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l'Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
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10
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Dandachi I, Chabou S, Daoud Z, Rolain JM. Prevalence and Emergence of Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-, Carbapenem- and Colistin-Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria of Animal Origin in the Mediterranean Basin. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2299. [PMID: 30323797 PMCID: PMC6172473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extended ESBL and carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria have become widespread in hospitals, community settings and the environment. This has been triggered by the few therapeutic options left when infections with these multi-drug resistant organisms occur. The emergence of resistance to colistin, the last therapeutic option against carbapenem-resistant bacteria, worsened the situation. Recently, animals were regarded as potent antimicrobial reservoir and a possible source of infection to humans. Enteric Gram negative bacteria in animals can be easily transmitted to humans by direct contact or indirectly through the handling and consumption of undercooked/uncooked animal products. In the Mediterranean basin, little is known about the current overall epidemiology of multi-drug resistant bacteria in livestock, companion, and domestic animals. This review describes the current epidemiology of ESBL, carbapenemase producers and colistin resistant bacteria of animal origin in this region of the world. The CTX-M group 1 seems to prevail in animals in this area, followed by SHV-12 and CTX-M group 9. The dissemination of carbapenemase producers and colistin resistance remains low. Isolated multi-drug resistant bacteria were often co-resistant to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, frequently used in veterinary medicine as treatment, growth promoters, prophylaxis and in human medicine for therapeutic purposes. Antibiotics used in veterinary medicine in this area include mainly tetracycline, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and polymyxins. Indeed, it appears that the emergence of ESBL and carbapenemase producers in animals is not related to the use of beta-lactam antibiotics but is, rather, due to the co-selective pressure applied by the over usage of non-beta-lactams. The level of antibiotic consumption in animals should be, therefore, re-considered in the Mediterranean area especially in North Africa and western Asia where no accurate data are available about the level of antibiotic consumption in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Dandachi
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Selma Chabou
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad Daoud
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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11
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Chabou S, Leulmi H, Davoust B, Aouadi A, Rolain JM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-encoding genes in poultry faeces from Algeria and Marseille, France. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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12
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Niero G, Bortolaia V, Vanni M, Intorre L, Guardabassi L, Piccirillo A. High diversity of genes and plasmids encoding resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones in clinical Escherichia coli from commercial poultry flocks in Italy. Vet Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Rebbah N, Messai Y, Châtre P, Haenni M, Madec JY, Bakour R. Diversity of CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Escherichia coli Isolates from Retail Raw Ground Beef: First Report of CTX-M-24 and CTX-M-32 in Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:896-908. [PMID: 29227186 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular features of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates contaminating ground beef at retail in Algeria. Of 371 ground beef samples, 27.5% were found to contain cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates distributed into A (24.5%), B1 (60.8%), and D (14.7%) phylogroups. A rate of 88.2% of isolates had a multidrug-resistance phenotype. All strains were producers of CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs): CTX-M-1, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-24, or CTX-M-32. Conjugation assays allowed the transfer of blaCTX-M-1 in association with IncI1 plasmids, blaCTX-M-15 with IncI1 and IncK+B/O plasmids, blaCTX-M-3 with IncK plasmids, and blaCTX-M-14 with IncF1B or IncK plasmids. Sequence analysis of gyrA and parC genes showed mutations in 98.6% of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates. The patterns "GyrA: S83L+D87N, ParC: S80I" (46.5%) and "ParC: S80I" (42.3%) were predominant. qnrS1, qnrB, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected in 18.7% of isolates. The tet genes, tetA, tetB, and tetA+tetB, were present in 95.7% of tetracycline-resistant isolates. The sul genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, sul1+sul2, sul2+sul3, and sul1+sul3) and the dfr gene clusters (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA5+dfrA12, dfrA1+dfrA5, dfrA7+dfrA12, dfrA5+dfrA7, and dfrA1+dfrA5+dfrA7) were found in 96.4% and 85.5% of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-resistant isolates, respectively. Classes 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 67.6% and 9.8% of isolates, respectively. This study highlighted the significant presence of resistance genes, in particular those of CTXM ESBLs, in the beef meat, with the risk of their transmission to humans through food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Rebbah
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria
| | - Yamina Messai
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria
| | - Pierre Châtre
- 2 Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- 2 Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Jean Yves Madec
- 2 Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Université Lyon-ANSES Site de Lyon , Lyon, France
| | - Rabah Bakour
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene , Algiers, Algeria
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14
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Alonso C, Zarazaga M, Ben Sallem R, Jouini A, Ben Slama K, Torres C. Antibiotic resistance inEscherichia coliin husbandry animals: the African perspective. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 64:318-334. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.A. Alonso
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
| | - M. Zarazaga
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
| | - R. Ben Sallem
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives; Université de Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - A. Jouini
- Laboratoire d’Épidémiologie et Microbiologie Vétérinaire. Institut Pasteur de Tunis; Université de Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - K. Ben Slama
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Laboratoire des Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives; Université de Tunis El Manar; Tunis Tunisia
| | - C. Torres
- Área Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Universidad de La Rioja; Logroño Spain
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15
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Yousfi M, Mairi A, Touati A, Hassissene L, Brasme L, Guillard T, De Champs C. Extended spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli fecal isolates from healthy companion animals in Algeria. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:431-5. [PMID: 27132028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of fecal carriage of Escherichia coli strains producing Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) isolated from healthy pets (dogs and cats) in Algeria. Fecal samples from 171 healthy pets (102 dogs and 69 cats) in one veterinary practice and private owners were included. After isolates identification, antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion procedure. ESBL were detected by combination disk tests. PCR and sequencing were used to characterize genes encoding ESBLs and PMQR. Transfer of ESBL and PMQR genes was assessed by conjugation experiments. Phylogenetic groups of E. coli were determined by PCR. Of the 171 animals, 20 carried an ESBL producing E. coli giving a prevalence of ESBL fecal carriage of 11.7%. All isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefoxitin, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin and fosfomycine. For the rest of the tested β-lactams, susceptibility rates ranged from 35% to 70% for cefepime and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid respectively. Concerning the non-beta-lactams antibiotics, the rates of susceptibility ranged between 5% to trimethoprim and 95% for chloramphenicol. The beta-lactamase genes identified in E. coli isolates were blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV-12 and blaTEM-1. The PMQR determinants aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and qnrB5 genes were identified in 15 isolates. Transconjugants were obtained for two isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E. coli isolates belong to commensal phylogroups of A and B1. We reported here for the first time in Algeria ESBL and PMQR-producing E. coli in healthy cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massilia Yousfi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Assia Mairi
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
| | - Lila Hassissene
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Christophe De Champs
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert DEBRE, EA4687 SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Avenue du Général Koenig, 51092 Reims Cedex, France
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