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Nielsen SS, Alvarez J, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin‐Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Winckler C, Bastino E, Bortolami A, Guinat C, Harder T, Stegeman A, Terregino C, Aznar Asensio I, Mur L, Broglia A, Baldinelli F, Viltrop A. Vaccination of poultry against highly pathogenic avian influenza - part 1. Available vaccines and vaccination strategies. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08271. [PMID: 37822713 PMCID: PMC10563699 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines have been developed against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), mostly inactivated whole-virus vaccines for chickens. In the EU, one vaccine is authorised in chickens but is not fully efficacious to stop transmission, highlighting the need for vaccines tailored to diverse poultry species and production types. Off-label use of vaccines is possible, but effectiveness varies. Vaccines are usually injectable, a time-consuming process. Mass-application vaccines outside hatcheries remain rare. First vaccination varies from in-ovo to 6 weeks of age. Data about immunity onset and duration in the target species are often unavailable, despite being key for effective planning. Minimising antigenic distance between vaccines and field strains is essential, requiring rapid updates of vaccines to match circulating strains. Generating harmonised vaccine efficacy data showing vaccine ability to reduce transmission is crucial and this ability should be also assessed in field trials. Planning vaccination requires selecting the most adequate vaccine type and vaccination scheme. Emergency protective vaccination is limited to vaccines that are not restricted by species, age or pre-existing vector-immunity, while preventive vaccination should prioritise achieving the highest protection, especially for the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas. Model simulations in France, Italy and The Netherlands revealed that (i) duck and turkey farms are more infectious than chickens, (ii) depopulating infected farms only showed limitations in controlling disease spread, while 1-km ring-culling performed better than or similar to emergency preventive ring-vaccination scenarios, although with the highest number of depopulated farms, (iii) preventive vaccination of the most susceptible species in high-risk transmission areas was the best option to minimise the outbreaks' number and duration, (iv) during outbreaks in such areas, emergency protective vaccination in a 3-km radius was more effective than 1- and 10-km radius. Vaccine efficacy should be monitored and complement other surveillance and preventive efforts.
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El-Shall NA, Abd El Naby WSH, Hussein EGS, Yonis AE, Sedeik ME. Pathogenicity of H5N8 avian influenza virus in chickens and in duck breeds and the role of MX1 and IFN-α in infection outcome and transmission to contact birds. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 100:102039. [PMID: 37591150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and transmission potential of the H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b virus in three breeds of ducks and in broiler chickens. Chickens, Muscovy, Pekin, and Mallard ducks (n = 10) received a dose of 6 log10 EID50 of HPAIV H5N8 directly. Nine contact chickens were introduced to each group on the day of infection. All infected chickens died, with MDT of 7.6 days. Muscovy and Pekin ducks died by 11.1% and 10%, respectively, with MDTs of 7 and 6 days. No Mallards died but showed more severe clinical disease than Pekin ducks. Mallards had the highest MX1 gene expression in the lung and spleen and IFN-α in the spleen. MX1 expression levels were lower in the spleen and lung of Pekin ducks, in the spleen of chickens and in the lung of Muscovy ducks than in noninfected controls. However, viral shedding was higher in ducks than in chickens and was highest in Mallards. 66.7% of chickens placed in contact with infected chickens died and 77.8% of in-contact chickens to infected three duck breeds died. In conclusion, there was a diversity in sensitivity and immunogenicity for HPAIV H5N8 among duck breeds, resulting in diverse infection outcomes and transmissibility to contacts. This study provides duck/chicken interface models for HPAIV transmission to poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt.
| | - Walaa S H Abd El Naby
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering in the Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Eid G S Hussein
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Damanhour Branch, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt
| | - Ahlam E Yonis
- Biotechnology Department, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production ( RLQP), Damanhour branch, Animal health research institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Sedeik
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
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Niqueux É, Flodrops M, Allée C, Lebras MO, Pierre I, Louboutin K, Guillemoto C, Le Prioux A, Le Bouquin-Leneveu S, Keïta A, Amelot M, Martenot C, Massin P, Cherbonnel-Pansart M, Briand FX, Schmitz A, Cazaban C, Dauphin G, Delquigny T, Lemière S, Watier JM, Mogler M, Tarpey I, Grasland B, Eterradossi N. Evaluation of three hemagglutinin-based vaccines for the experimental control of a panzootic clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N8) high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in mule ducks. Vaccine 2023; 41:145-158. [PMID: 36411134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In France during winter 2016-2017, 487 outbreaks of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N8 subtype high pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections were detected in poultry and captive birds. During this epizootic, HPAIV A/decoy duck/France/161105a/2016 (H5N8) was isolated and characterized in an experimental infection transmission model in conventional mule ducks. To investigate options to possibly protect such ducks against this HPAIV, three vaccines were evaluated in controlled conditions. The first experimental vaccine was derived from the hemagglutinin gene of another clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N8) HPAIV. It was injected at three weeks of age, either alone (Vac1) or after a primer injection at day-old (Vac1 + boost). The second vaccine (Vac2) was a commercial bivalent adjuvanted vaccine containing an expressed hemagglutinin modified from a clade 2.3.2 A(H5N1) HPAIV. Vac2 was administered as a single injection at two weeks of age. The third experimental vaccine (Vac3) also incorporated a homologous 2.3.4.4b H5 HA gene and was administered as a single injection at three weeks of age. Ducks were challenged with HPAIV A/decoy duck/France/161105a/2016 (H5N8) at six weeks of age. Post-challenge virus excretion was monitored in vaccinated and control birds every 2-3 days for two weeks using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and serological analyses (haemagglutination inhibition test against H5N8, H5 ELISA and AIV ELISA) were performed. Vac1 abolished oropharyngeal and cloacal shedding to almost undetectable levels, whereas Vac3 abolished cloacal shedding only (while partially reducing respiratory shedding) and Vac2 only partly reduced the respiratory and intestinal excretion of the challenge virus. These results provided relevant insights in the immunogenicity of recombinant H5 vaccines in mule ducks, a rarely investigated hybrid between Pekin and Muscovy duck species that has played a critical role in the recent H5 HPAI epizootics in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Niqueux
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marion Flodrops
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Chantal Allée
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marie-Odile Lebras
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Isabelle Pierre
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Louboutin
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Carole Guillemoto
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Aurélie Le Prioux
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Le Bouquin-Leneveu
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Epidemiology Health and Welfare Unit, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keïta
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian Experimentation and Breeding Service, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian Experimentation and Breeding Service, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Claire Martenot
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Pascale Massin
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Martine Cherbonnel-Pansart
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - François-Xavier Briand
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Audrey Schmitz
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Gwenaëlle Dauphin
- Ceva Santé Animale, 10 Avenue de la Ballastière, 33500 Libourne, France
| | - Thomas Delquigny
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Lemière
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, 29 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Marie Watier
- MSD Santé Animale, 7 rue Olivier de Serres, BP 17144, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France
| | - Mark Mogler
- Merck Animal Health, Ames, IA 50010, United States of America
| | - Ian Tarpey
- MSD Animal Health, Walton Manor, Milton Keynes MK7 7AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Béatrice Grasland
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France.
| | - Nicolas Eterradossi
- Anses (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Avian and Rabbit Virology Immunology and Parasitology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, BP53, 22440 Ploufragan, France
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4
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Hautefeuille C, Azzouguen B, Mouchel S, Dauphin G, Peyre M. Evaluation of vaccination strategies to control an avian influenza outbreak in French poultry production networks using EVACS tool. Prev Vet Med 2020; 184:105129. [PMID: 33002655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
France recently faced two epizootic waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry (H5N6 in 2015-2016 and H5N8 in 2016-2017), mainly in the fattening duck production sector. Vaccination against avian influenza (AI) is currently not authorised in France even though its potential benefits were discussed during these epizootic events. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential efficiency of different vaccination strategies that could be applied against AI in France. The EVACS tool, which is a decision support tool developed to evaluate vaccination strategies, was applied in several French poultry production sectors: broiler, layer, turkey, duck and guinea fowl. EVACS was used to simulate the performance of vaccination strategies in terms of vaccination coverage, immunity levels and spatial distribution of the immunity level. A cost-benefit analysis was then applied based on EVACS results to identify the most efficient strategy. For each sector, vaccination protocols were tested according to the production type (breeders/production, indoor/outdoor), the integration level (integrated/independent) and the type of vaccine (hatchery vaccination using a recombinant vaccine/farm vaccination using an inactivated vaccine). The most efficient protocols for each sector were then combined to test different overall vaccination strategies at the national level. Even if it was not possible to compare vaccination protocols with the two vaccines types in "foie gras" duck, meat duck and guinea fowl production sectors as no hatchery vaccine currently exist for these species, these production sectors were also described and included in this simulation. Both types of vaccination (at hatchery and farm level) enabled protective immunity levels for the control of AI, but higher poultry population immunity level was reached (including independent farms) using hatchery vaccination. We also showed that hatchery vaccination was more efficient (higher benefit-cost ratio) than farm vaccination. Sufficient and homogeneously spatially distributed protective levels were reached in the overall poultry population with vaccination strategies targeting breeders, chicken layers and broilers and turkeys, without the need to include ducks and guinea fowls. However, vaccination strategies involving the highest number of species and production types were the most efficient in terms of cost-benefit. This study provides critical information on the efficiency of different vaccination strategies to support future decision making in case vaccination was applied to prevent and control HPAI in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hautefeuille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France; CEVA Santé animale, 33500, Libourne, France.
| | - Billal Azzouguen
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Marisa Peyre
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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5
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Pénzes Z, Czeglédi A, Nagy Z, Kollár A, Tóth Á, Misák F, Rendes K, Ivók M, Gyimesi R, Lovrecz G, Tretyakova I, El-Attrache J, Palya V, Pushko P. Rapid Construction and Immunogenicity Testing of a Novel H5 Virus-Like Particle Prototype Vaccine Against Clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. Avian Dis 2020; 63:203-208. [PMID: 31131578 DOI: 10.1637/11888-042718-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
From October 2016 to July 2017, 47 countries have been affected by highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 subtype, including European and African, and it has been the most severe HPAI outbreak ever in Europe. The development of effective influenza vaccines is required to combine preventive and control measures in order to avoid similar avian influenza epidemics taking place. Here we describe a novel prototype recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine based on a clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HA derived from a French duck HPAI H5N8 isolate of the 2016-2017 epidemics. Prototype vaccines with different antigen content were formulated and the immunogenicity was examined in specific-pathogen-free chickens and in ducks. Serum samples were collected at 3 and 4 weeks postvaccination, and development of the immune response was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition test and ELISA. The VLP vaccines induced a dose-dependent and high level of antibody response in both chickens and ducks. The results of HPAI H5N8 challenge experiments in ducks are reported separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Pénzes
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary,
| | - Alíz Czeglédi
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Kollár
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Tóth
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Misák
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Rendes
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Ivók
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Gyimesi
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Vilmos Palya
- Ceva Animal Health (Ceva-Phylaxia), 1107 Budapest, Hungary
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