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Wang X, Ding G, Yang P, Cheng G, Kong W, Xu Z. Teleost Eye Is the Portal of IHNV Entry and Contributes to a Robust Mucosal Immune Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:160. [PMID: 38203332 PMCID: PMC10778588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ocular mucosa (OM) is an important and unique part of the vertebrate mucosal immune system. The OM plays an important role in maintaining visual function and defending against foreign antigens or microorganisms, while maintaining a balance between the two through complex regulatory mechanisms. However, the function of ocular mucosal defense against foreign pathogens and mucosal immune response in bony fish are still less studied. To acquire deeper understanding into the mucosal immunity of the OM in teleost fish, we established a study of the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). Our findings revealed that IHNV could successfully infiltrate the trout's OM, indicating that the OM could be an important portal for the IHNV. Furthermore, qPCR and RNA-Seq analysis results showed that a large number of immune-related genes were significantly upregulated in the OM of trout with IHNV infection. Critically, the results of our RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that viral infection triggered a robust immune response, as evidenced by the substantial induction of antiviral, innate, and adaptive immune-related genes in the OM of infected fish, which underscored the essential role of the OM in viral infection. Overall, our findings revealed a previously unknown function of teleost OM in antiviral defense, and provided a theoretical basis for the study of the mucosal immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Guangyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (G.D.); (G.C.); (W.K.)
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Romanutti C, Keller L, Zanetti FA. Current status of virus-vectored vaccines against pathogens that affect poultry. Vaccine 2020; 38:6990-7001. [PMID: 32951939 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The most effective strategies for the control of disease in poultry are vaccination and biosecurity. Vaccines useful against pathogens affecting poultry must be safe, effective with a single dose, inexpensive, applicable by mass vaccination methods, and able to induce a protective immune response in the presence of maternal antibodies. Viral vector meet some of these characteristics and if the attenuated virus used as vector infects birds, the vaccine will have the advantage of being bivalent. Thus, viral vectors are currently a tool of choice for the development of new poultry vaccines. This review describes the main viruses used as vectors for the delivery and in vivo expression of antigens of poultry pathogens. It also presents the methodologies most frequently used to obtain recombinant viral vectors and summarizes the state-of-the-art related to vectored vaccines in poultry (some of them currently licensed), the pathogens targeted and their antigens, and the ability of these vaccines to induce an effective immune response. Finally, the review discusses the results of a few studies comparing recombinant viral vector vaccines and live-attenuated vaccines in vaccine matching challenges, and mentions strategies and future researches that can help to improve the efficacy of vectored vaccines in poultry birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Romanutti
- Centro de Virología Animal (CEVAN), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Saladillo 2468 (C1440FFX), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Leticia Keller
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein", CONICET, Saladillo 2468 (C1440FFX), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Flavia Adriana Zanetti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. Cesar Milstein", CONICET, Saladillo 2468 (C1440FFX), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Zegpi RA, He L, Yu Q, Joiner KS, van Santen VL, Toro H. Limited Protection Conferred by Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Infectious Bronchitis Spike Protein. Avian Dis 2020; 64:53-59. [PMID: 32267125 DOI: 10.1637/0005-2086-64.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) LaSota (LS) expressing secreted trimeric spike (S)-ectodomain (Se) of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (rLS/IBV.Se) was developed and evaluated for protection conferred against IBV challenge. The IBV S-ectodomain protein, which is S excluding the transmembrane anchor and short cytoplasmic domain of S2, expressed from recombinant LS corresponds to an Arkansas (Ark)-type IBV. In a first experiment, chickens were primed at 1 day of age or primed at 1 day of age and boosted at 14 days of age with 104 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50)/bird of rLS/IBV.Se and challenged with a virulent Ark strain. A single vaccination proved completely ineffective at protecting chickens against challenge, whereas priming and boosting reduced clinical signs and tracheal lesions but did not reduce viral load in lachrymal fluids. In experiment 2, the vaccine dose was increased to 107 EID50/bird and a different virulent Ark strain was used for challenge. In addition, chickens were singly immunized on either day 1 or day 10 after hatch. NDV antibody levels detected in vaccinated chickens were moderate, with hemagglutination inhibition titers varying between 4 and 5 log2. Slightly higher antibody levels to NDV were observed in chickens vaccinated on day 10 versus day 1 but without the difference achieving statistical significance. In contrast, antibody responses measured using recombinant IBV S1 protein-coated ELISA plates were significantly greater in chickens vaccinated on day 10 than on day 1. The use of a higher rLS/IBV.Se dose substantially enhanced the success of a single vaccination compared to experiment 1. Signs and tracheal lesions were reduced more effectively in chickens vaccinated at day 10 after hatch. However, as in experiment 1, vaccination did not reduce the viral loads in tear fluids of challenged chickens. Similar results, in which no reduction in viral load in the trachea was apparent from rLS/IBV.S vaccination, have been obtained by others. Further work is needed to understand the immune responses induced by this recombinant virus that seems to provide some protection against the disease but does not reduce viral loads in the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Zegpi
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830
| | - L He
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center Athens, GA 30605
| | - Q Yu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, United States National Poultry Research Center Athens, GA 30605
| | - K S Joiner
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830
| | - V L van Santen
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830
| | - H Toro
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830,
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Klećkowska-Nawrot JE, Goździewska-Harłajczuk K, Łupicki D, Marycz K, Nawara T, Barszcz K, Kowalczyk A, Rosenberger J, Łukaszewicz E. The differences in the eyelids microstructure and the conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue between selected ornamental and wild birds as a result of adaptation to their habitat. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E. Klećkowska-Nawrot
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karolina Goździewska-Harłajczuk
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Dariusz Łupicki
- Museum of Natural History of the Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Tomasz Nawara
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Karolina Barszcz
- Department of Morphological Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Warsaw Poland
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Joanna Rosenberger
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Division of Poultry Breeding; Faculty of Biology and Animal Science; Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Wroclaw Poland
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Zhang J, Tarbet EB, Toro H, Tang DCC. Adenovirus-vectored drug–vaccine duo as a potential driver for conferring mass protection against infectious diseases. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1539-52. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mullarkey CE, Boyd A, van Laarhoven A, Lefevre EA, Veronica Carr B, Baratelli M, Molesti E, Temperton NJ, Butter C, Charleston B, Lambe T, Gilbert SC. Improved adjuvanting of seasonal influenza vaccines: Preclinical studies of MVA-NP+M1 coadministration with inactivated influenza vaccine. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1940-52. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Boyd
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building; Oxford; UK
| | | | - Eric A. Lefevre
- Pirbright Institute, Compton laboratory; Compton; near Newbury; UK
| | - B. Veronica Carr
- Pirbright Institute, Compton laboratory; Compton; near Newbury; UK
| | | | - Eleonora Molesti
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy; University of Kent; Chatham Maritime; Kent; UK
| | - Nigel J. Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy; University of Kent; Chatham Maritime; Kent; UK
| | - Colin Butter
- Pirbright Institute, Compton laboratory; Compton; near Newbury; UK
| | - Bryan Charleston
- Pirbright Institute, Compton laboratory; Compton; near Newbury; UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute, Old Road Campus Research Building; Oxford; UK
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Abstract
The emergence of a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 has increased the potential for a new pandemic to occur. This event highlights the necessity for developing a new generation of influenza vaccines to counteract influenza disease. These vaccines must be manufactured for mass immunization of humans in a timely manner. Poultry should be included in this policy, since persistent infected flocks are the major source of avian influenza for human infections. Recombinant adenoviral vectored H5N1 vaccines are an attractive alternative to the currently licensed influenza vaccines. This class of vaccines induces a broadly protective immunity against antigenically distinct H5N1, can be manufactured rapidly, and may allow mass immunization of human and poultry. Recombinant adenoviral vectors derived from both human and non-human adenoviruses are currently being investigated and appear promising both in nonclinical and clinical studies. This review will highlight the current status of various adenoviral vectored H5N1 vaccines and will outline novel approaches for the future.
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van Ginkel FW, Gulley SL, Lammers A, Hoerr FJ, Gurjar R, Toro H. Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue in avian mucosal immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:289-297. [PMID: 21641931 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue's (CALT) role in generating avian mucosal adaptive immunity was measured by analyzing cellular composition, expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), and production of cytokines and antibodies in chickens ocular exposed to a replication-deficient adenovirus of serotype 5 (Ad5). These studies demonstrate that CALT contains B cells, γδ T cells, T helper, and cytotoxic T cells, and a T lymphocyte composition, which more resembles Harderian glands than spleen. CALT-derived lymphocytes contain antigen-specific, IgA-secreting plasma cells and cytokine-producing lymphocytes after ocular Ad5 vaccination. The expression of the pIgR in the CALT's lymphoepithelium emphasizes the importance of mucosal immune protection by paraocular lymphoid tissues. The CALT immune response after ocular Ad5 boosting was influenced by prior high dose in ovo Ad5 priming. Thus, both mucosal and systemic immunization influenced Ad5-induced IFN-γ responses in CALT.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W van Ginkel
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Breedlove C, Minc JK, Tang DC, van Santen VL, van Ginkel FW, Toro H. Avian Influenza Adenovirus-VectoredIn OvoVaccination: Target Embryo Tissues and Combination with Marek's Disease Vaccine. Avian Dis 2011; 55:667-73. [DOI: 10.1637/9811-052511-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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