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Logue CM, De Cesare A, Tast-Lahti E, Chemaly M, Payen C, LeJeune J, Zhou K. Salmonella spp. in poultry production-A review of the role of interventions along the production continuum. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 108:289-341. [PMID: 38461002 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella is a significant pathogen of human and animal health and poultry are one of the most common sources linked with foodborne illness worldwide. Global production of poultry meat and products has increased significantly over the last decade or more as a result of consumer demand and the changing demographics of the world's population, where poultry meat forms a greater part of the diet. In addition, the relatively fast growth rate of birds which is significantly higher than other meat species also plays a role in how poultry production has intensified. In an effort to meet the greater demand for poultry meat and products, modern poultry production and processing practices have changed and practices to target control and reduction of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella have been implemented. These strategies are implemented along the continuum from parent and grandparent flocks to breeders, the farm and finished broilers to transport and processing and finally from retail to the consumer. This review focuses on common practices, interventions and strategies that have potential impact for the control of Salmonella along the poultry production continuum from farm to plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Logue
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, United States.
| | | | - Elina Tast-Lahti
- European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Sweden
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, ANSES, France
| | - Cyrielle Payen
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, ANSES, France
| | - Jeff LeJeune
- Food System and Food Safety, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Italy
| | - Kang Zhou
- Food System and Food Safety, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Italy
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Gast RK, Jones DR, Guraya R, Anderson KE, Karcher DM. Applied Research Note: Internal organ colonization and horizontal transmission of experimental Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky infection in vaccinated laying hens in indoor cage-free housing. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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van de Reep L, Nielen M, Verstappen KMHW, Broens EM, van den Broek J, Velkers FC. Response to a Salmonella Enteritidis challenge in old laying hens with different vaccination histories. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2733-2739. [PMID: 29726970 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extending the laying period of laying hens is beneficial for economic and sustainability purposes. Because vaccines were designed with a shorter laying period envisaged, it is unclear whether current Salmonella vaccines can provide sufficient levels of protection against infection at an older age. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the efficacy of early rearing vaccination schemes against Salmonella challenge late in the laying period. There were four treatment groups: birds that had not been vaccinated (Group 1), birds vaccinated with live Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) (Group 2), with live and inactivated SE (Group 3), or with live SE and live Salmonella Typhimurium (Group 4). At the end of the laying period, the birds were transported from the laying farm to the research facility where they were orally challenged with 2.06 × 109 colony-forming units SE at around 82 wk of age. Hens were euthanized and bacteriology was performed on cecum, liver, spleen, and follicular fluid samples to determine SE colonization 7 and 14 d after challenge. Clinical and bacteriological findings of hens vaccinated with different vaccination schemes and the non-vaccinated control group were compared. No significant differences in SE colonization were found for vaccinated groups compared to the non-vaccinated control group. This may be a result of waning immunity due to the long time between vaccination and challenge. Also, as vaccination took place in the rearing period in the field, initial levels of immunity may not have been optimal due to shortcomings in the vaccination technique. Furthermore, the results of this study may have been affected by differences in age, breed, and origin between the groups. Therefore, controlled studies from early age onwards are necessary for more accurate comparisons between vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van de Reep
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Nielen
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K M H W Verstappen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Postbus 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E M Broens
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Postbus 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J van den Broek
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F C Velkers
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.151, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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León CM, Muñoz M, Hernández C, Ayala MS, Flórez C, Teherán A, Cubides JR, Ramírez JD. Analytical Performance of Four Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Real Time PCR (qPCR) Assays for the Detection of Six Leishmania Species DNA in Colombia. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1907. [PMID: 29046670 PMCID: PMC5632848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis comprises a spectrum of parasitic diseases caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Molecular tools have been widely employed for the detection of Leishmania due to its high sensitivity and specificity. However, the analytical performance of molecular platforms as PCR and real time PCR (qPCR) including a wide variety of molecular markers has never been evaluated. Herein, the aim was to evaluate the analytical performance of 4 PCR-based assays (designed on four different targets) and applied on conventional and real-time PCR platforms. We evaluated the analytical performance of conventional PCR and real time PCR, determining exclusivity and inclusivity, Anticipated Reportable Range (ARR), limit of detection (LoD) and accuracy using primers directed to kDNA, HSP70, 18S and ITS-1 targets. We observed that the kDNA was the most sensitive but does not meet the criterion of exclusivity. The HSP70 presented a higher LoD in conventional PCR and qPCR in comparison with the other markers (1 × 101 and 1 × 10-1 equivalent parasites/mL respectively) and had a higher coefficient of variation in qPCR. No statistically significant differences were found between the days of the test with the four molecular markers. The present study revealed that the 18S marker presented the best performance in terms of analytical sensitivity and specificity for the qPCR in the species tested (species circulating in Colombia). Therefore, we recommend to explore the analytical and diagnostic performance in future studies using a broader number of species across America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cielo M León
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Programa de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Bogotá, Colombia.,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marina Muñoz
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Programa de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Hernández
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Programa de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha S Ayala
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Flórez
- Grupo de Parasitología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Aníbal Teherán
- Residente de Medicina de Emergencias, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación COMPLEXUS, Fundación Universitaria Juan N. Corpas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan R Cubides
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan D Ramírez
- Universidad del Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Programa de Biología, Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Bogotá, Colombia
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Varmuzova K, Faldynova M, Elsheimer-Matulova M, Sebkova A, Polansky O, Havlickova H, Sisak F, Rychlik I. Immune protection of chickens conferred by a vaccine consisting of attenuated strains of Salmonella Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Infantis. Vet Res 2016; 47:94. [PMID: 27741950 PMCID: PMC5065701 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0371-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization of poultry with different Salmonella enterica serovars poses an issue throughout the world. In this study we therefore tested the efficacy of a vaccine consisting of attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Infantis against challenge with the same serovars and with S. Agona, Dublin and Hadar. We tested oral and aerosol administration of the vaccine, with or without co-administration of cecal microbiota from adult hens. The protective effect was determined by bacterial counts of the challenge strains up to week 18 of life and by characterizing the immune response using real-time PCR specific for 16 different genes. We have shown that a vaccine consisting of attenuated S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and S. Infantis protected chickens against challenge with the wild type strains of the same serovars and partially protected chickens also against challenge with isolates belonging to serovars Dublin or Hadar. Aerosol vaccination was more effective at inducing systemic immunity whilst oral vaccination stimulated a local immune response in the gut. Co-administration of cecal microbiota increased the protectiveness in the intestinal tract but slightly decreased the systemic immune response. Adjusting the vaccine composition and changing the administration route therefore affects vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcela Faldynova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alena Sebkova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Polansky
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Havlickova
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Sisak
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rychlik
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Pang Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Jin J, Piao J, Piao J, Liu Q, Li W. Reduction of Salmonella enteritidis number after infections by immunization of liposome-associated recombinant SefA. Avian Dis 2013; 57:627-33. [PMID: 24283128 DOI: 10.1637/10427-101812-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to generate Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) fimbriae, SEF14, the sefA gene, which encodes the main subunit of the SEF14 fimbrial protein, was amplified from Salmonella Enteritidis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) to yield pET-28a(+)-sefA. The recombinant SefA (rSefA) protein was highly expressed and purified by nickel-affinity chromatography. Liposome-associated rSefA was prepared for oral immunization to seek protective efficacy for intestinal infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. The titers of the IgG and IgA in the intestinal mucus were 1:256 and 1:512, respectively. Moreover, the titers of IgG and IgA in the sera were 1:256 and 1:128, respectively. Two weeks after the booster immunization, the chickens were challenged orally with 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units (CFUs) of live Salmonella Enteritidis, and fecal samples were examined for bacterial excretion from the intestinal tract. Significantly less fecal excretion of bacteria was observed in immunized chickens for 4 wk after challenge. The numbers of bacteria in the intestinal contents (cecum and rectum) were also significantly reduced in immunized chickens, in contrast with the unimmunized controls. Oral immunization with liposome-associated rSefA therefore elicits both systemic and mucosal antibody responses and results in reduced bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract and reduced excretion of Salmonella Enteritidis in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, 10-Xuefu Avenue, Dalian Economical and Technological Development Zone, Liaoning 116622, China
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Pang Y, Wang H, Li Z, Piao J, Piao J, Chi Y, Jin J, Liu Q, Li W. Immune response to liposome-associated recombinant SEF21 following oral immunization in chickens. Avian Dis 2012; 56:347-53. [PMID: 22856192 DOI: 10.1637/9928-091011-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In order to generate Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis fimbriae antigens (rSEF21), the intact region encoding SEF21 was amplified from Salmonella Enteritidis by PCR and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) to yield pET-28a(+)-SEF21. The rSEF21 protein was highly expressed and purified by nickel affinity chromatography. Liposomeassociated rSEF21 was prepared for oral immunization to seek protective efficacy for intestinal infection with Salmonella Enteritidis. Evidence of IgA and IgG responses were found in the intestinal tracts and in the sera of a group of chickens immunized. Two weeks after the booster immunization, the chickens were challenged orally with 2 x 10(6) colony-forming units of live Salmonella Enteritidis, and fecal samples were examined for bacterial excretion from the intestinal tract. Significantly less fecal excretion of bacteria was observed in immunized chickens for 4 wk after challenge. The numbers of bacteria in the intestinal contents (cecum and rectum) were also significantly lower in immunized chickens than in unimmunized controls. Therefore, oral immunization with liposome-associated rSEF21 elicits both systemic and mucosal antibody responses, leading to a reduction in bacterial colonization in the intestinal tract and excretion of Salmonella Enteritidis in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pang
- Institute of Immunology, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, 10-Xuefu Avenue, Dalian Economical and Technological Development Zone, Liaoning 116622, China
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Lungu B, Waltman WD, Berghaus RD, Hofacre CL. Comparison of a real-time PCR method with a culture method for the detection of Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in naturally contaminated environmental samples from integrated poultry houses. J Food Prot 2012; 75:743-7. [PMID: 22488064 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional culture methods have traditionally been considered the "gold standard" for the isolation and identification of foodborne bacterial pathogens. However, culture methods are labor-intensive and time-consuming. A Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis-specific real-time PCR assay that recently received interim approval by the National Poultry Improvement Plan for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated against a culture method that had also received interim National Poultry Improvement Plan approval for the analysis of environmental samples from integrated poultry houses. The method was validated with 422 field samples collected by either the boot sock or drag swab method. The samples were cultured by selective enrichment in tetrathionate broth followed by transfer onto a modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium and then plating onto brilliant green with novobiocin and xylose lysine brilliant Tergitol 4 plates. One-milliliter aliquots of the selective enrichment broths from each sample were collected for DNA extraction by the commercial PrepSEQ nucleic acid extraction assay and analysis by the Salmonella Enteritidis-specific real-time PCR assay. The real-time PCR assay detected no significant differences between the boot sock and drag swab samples. In contrast, the culture method detected a significantly higher number of positive samples from boot socks. The diagnostic sensitivity of the real-time PCR assay for the field samples was significantly higher than that of the culture method. The kappa value obtained was 0.46, indicating moderate agreement between the real-time PCR assay and the culture method. In addition, the real-time PCR method had a turnaround time of 2 days compared with 4 to 8 days for the culture method. The higher sensitivity as well as the reduction in time and labor makes this real-time PCR assay an excellent alternative to conventional culture methods for diagnostic purposes, surveillance, and research studies to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya Lungu
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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