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Hines ES, Jones S, Hoppes S, Stranahan LW. Adenocarcinoma of the distal esophagus and esophageal-proventricular junction in a yellow-naped parrot. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:586-589. [PMID: 38653775 PMCID: PMC11185118 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241247282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A 57-y-old male yellow-naped parrot (Amazona auropalliata) was presented because of lethargy, inappetence, and weight loss. Hematology and serum biochemistry were unremarkable, and imaging revealed a mass in the distal esophagus at the coelomic inlet. The luminal diameter of the esophagus was reduced in this area, and passage of ingesta was limited. Following gavage feeding, the patient died and was submitted for autopsy. At postmortem examination, the noted mass effect was a thickening of the distal esophagus with adherent, coalescing, soft, pale-tan plaques on the mucosal surface. Additional gross findings included pale-tan, opaque feed material oozing from the dorsum of the lungs and covering the cranial air sacs. Histology of the esophagus, esophageal-proventricular junction, and proximal proventriculus revealed an unencapsulated, infiltrative, transmural neoplasm that extended from the mucosal surface deep into the muscularis, almost to the adventitia. The neoplasm was composed of cuboidal cells arranged in islands and tubules, consistent with an adenocarcinoma, a rarely reported entity in the esophagus of psittacine birds and to our knowledge not reported previously at the esophageal-proventricular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sydney Jones
- Texas Avian and Exotic Hospital, Grapevine, TX, USA
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Murillo DFB, Ellington C, Fletcher O, Barnes J, Borst L, Crespo R, Watanabe TTN. Air Sac Cystadenoma in a Pet Chicken. Avian Dis 2023; 67:279-283. [PMID: 39126416 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
A 2-yr-old female Brahma chicken was presented to the Poultry Mobile Clinic of the College of Veterinary Medicine at North Carolina State University with a 3-wk onset of a wet sneeze that progressed to wheezing with a whistle-type sound. Upon observation, a cyst was found above the left clavicle in the area around the crop. The bird was euthanatized due to the progressive and chronic nature of the symptoms. Postmortem examination revealed an ovoid, soft to fluctuant, smooth, pale brown mass (2 × 0.9 × 0.8 cm), encased within the cranial membrane of the left cervical air sac. Histologically, focally expanding the left cervical air sac was a pedunculated, nonencapsulated, well-demarcated, moderately cellular neoplasm that consisted of cuboidal cells predominantly arranged in variably sized cystic structures lined by a single layer of cells. Neoplastic cells have strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling against cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Gross and histologic findings were consistent with an air sac cystadenoma. Primary respiratory neoplasia in birds is infrequent. Air sac carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and cystadenocarcinomas have been described in Psittaciformes, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, and Cuculiformes. Benign air sac tumors are poorly documented, and detailed descriptions of this neoplasm in poultry literature are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cameron Ellington
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601
- Prestage Farms, Inc., Clinton, NC 28328
| | - Oscar Fletcher
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601
| | - John Barnes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601
| | - Luke Borst
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601
| | - Tatiane Terumi Negrão Watanabe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27601,
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Tyson SJ, Biswell E. Humeral air sac neoplasm in a cockatiel (
Nymphicus hollandicus
). VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. Tyson
- Avian & Exotic Medical Surgical Center Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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The first occurrence of an avian-style respiratory infection in a non-avian dinosaur. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1954. [PMID: 35145134 PMCID: PMC8831536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Other than repaired fractures, osteoarthritis, and periosteal reaction, the vertebrate fossil record has limited evidence of non-osseous diseases. This difficulty in paleontological diagnoses stems from (1) the inability to conduct medical testing, (2) soft-tissue pathologic structures are less likely to be preserved, and (3) many osseous lesions are not diagnostically specific. However, here reported for the first time is an avian-style respiratory disorder in a non-avian dinosaur. This sauropod presents irregular bony pathologic structures stemming from the pneumatic features in the cervical vertebrae. As sauropods show well-understood osteological correlates indicating that respiratory tissues were incorporated into the post-cranial skeleton, and thus likely had an ‘avian-style’ form of respiration, it is most parsimonious to identify these pathologic structures as stemming from a respiratory infection. Although several extant avian infections produce comparable symptoms, the most parsimonious is airsacculitis with associated osteomyelitis. From actinobacterial to fungal in origin, airsacculitis is an extremely prevalent respiratory disorder in birds today. While we cannot pinpoint the specific infectious agent that caused the airsacculitis, this diagnosis establishes the first fossil record of this disease. Additionally, it allows us increased insight into the medical disorders of dinosaurs from a phylogenetic perspective and understanding what maladies plagued the “fearfully great lizards”.
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Robertson J, Guzman DSM, Sinnott D, Woolard K, Nesset A, Paul-Murphy JR. Modified Tail Amputation Technique in a Blue and Gold Macaw ( Ara ararauna) With Uropygial Gland Adenocarcinoma. J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:57-64. [PMID: 32237683 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A 33-year-old male blue and gold macaw (Ara ararauna) presented with a 5-month history of an ulcerated lesion and feather loss at the tail base. Two 4-mm biopsies obtained by the primary care veterinarian were consistent with uropygial gland adenocarcinoma. The bird was examined at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, and on physical evaluation, the dorsal and ventral surface of the tail base were devoid of feathers, ulcerated and crusted without an identifiable uropygial gland. Complete blood count, plasma biochemistry panel, whole-body radiographs, and an echocardiogram were performed before surgery. The bird was anesthetized, and a complete amputation of the tail was performed. The skin was incised with a radiofrequency electrosurgical system approximately 2 mm circumferentially cranial to the diseased tissue. The musculature was transected to the level of the vertebral column, disarticulating between the second and third caudal vertebrae and transecting the spinal cord with a no. 15 blade. Lateral vertebral processes of the second vertebra were removed with a rongeur. Coccygeus lateralis muscles and tensor fasciae latae muscles and skin were closed laterolaterally with 2 layers and 3-0 polydioxanone suture. The bird recovered uneventfully and was discharged after 6 days of hospitalization. The histopathological diagnosis was adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation, marked scirrhous response, and superficial epithelial ulceration. It was determined that narrow margins of unaffected tissue were achieved from the pathological examination of submitted material. The bird was evaluated 24 days after surgery and again 3.5 months after surgery, without evidence of complications or recurrence. Approximately 10 days after the last reexamination, the bird was euthanatized after being found minimally responsive at home. A postmortem examination was not performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Robertson
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA,
| | - Devinn Sinnott
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kevin Woolard
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aleisha Nesset
- West Valley Pet Clinic, 1360 S De Anza Blvd, San Jose, CA 95129, USA
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Baron HR, Foo TSY, Phalen DN. Humeral air sac cystadenocarcinoma in a rainbow lorikeet (
Trichoglossus moluccanus
). Aust Vet J 2020; 98:168-171. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HR Baron
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- The Unusual Pet Vets Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - TSY Foo
- Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - DN Phalen
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Marinkovich M, Quesenberry K, Donovan TA, Le Roux AB. Use of Standing Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of a Primary Respiratory Adenocarcinoma in a Scarlet Macaw ( Ara macao ). J Exot Pet Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Robat CS, Ammersbach M, Mans C. Avian Oncology: Diseases, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:57-86. [PMID: 27890293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Companion birds are increasingly living longer due to improved husbandry, nutrition, and veterinary care. As a consequence, a growing number of geriatric disease conditions are diagnosed and managed by veterinarians. Awareness of bird owners of diagnostic and treatment options for neoplastic diseases in humans and domestic animals has led to increasing demand to provide advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities for companion birds diagnosed with neoplasia. Treatment remains challenging in many companion birds due to the lack of information regarding prognosis and efficacy of antineoplastic treatments in these species. There is no established standard of care for most tumors in companion birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia S Robat
- Veterinary Emergency Service, Veterinary Specialty Center, 1612 North High Point Road, Middleton, WI 53562, USA.
| | - Melanie Ammersbach
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Building 89, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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