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Wang Y, Liang S, Tu S, Shen Z, Dong Y, Liu G, Shi H, Jin Y. A comparative study of skin transcriptomes and histological observations for black and white hair colors of giant panda. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:983992. [PMID: 36507537 PMCID: PMC9729551 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.983992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) are mammals belonging to the bear family, order Carnivora, and their characteristic hair color and distribution has been in the spotlight. In recent years, the gradual prevalence of skin diseases in giant pandas and even the discovery of albino individuals have made the study of the substrate of their skin hair distribution more and more urgent. In this study, by comparing the skin histology and transcriptomes for hairs of different color of giant pandas, we found that the melanin contents of hair follicles at the bases of black and white hairs differed, but the hair follicles at the base of white hairs also contained some amount of melanin. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that there were great differences in the expression of the transcriptome of the skin under different hair color blocks, in which the number of differentially expressed genes in the white skin was much smaller than that in the black skin. Transcriptomes for skin tissue samples for different hair colors revealed several enriched Kyoto encyclopedia of genes (KEGG) pathways that include tumor, cell adhesion and melanocyte growth-related signaling pathways. This study provides a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on hair color distribution and skin diseases in giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Shi
- *Correspondence: Yipeng Jin,
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Zhang L, Li C, Zhai Y, Feng L, Bai K, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Li T, Li D, Li H, Cui P, Chen D, Wang H, Yang X. Analysis of the vaginal microbiome of giant pandas using metagenomics sequencing. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1131. [PMID: 33205903 PMCID: PMC7755806 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a total of 14 vaginal samples (GPV1‐14) from giant pandas were analyzed. These vaginal samples were divided into two groups as per the region and age of giant pandas. All the vaginal samples were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing. As per the outcomes of metagenomic analysis, Proteobacteria (39.04%), Firmicutes (5.27%), Actinobacteria (2.94%), and Basidiomycota (2.77%) were found to be the dominant phyla in the microbiome of the vaginal samples. At the genus level, Pseudomonas (21.90%) was found to be the most dominant genus, followed by Streptococcus (3.47%), Psychrobacter (1.89%), and Proteus (1.38%). Metastats analysis of the microbial species in the vaginal samples of giant pandas from Wolong Nature Reserve, Dujiangyan and Ningbo Youngor Zoo, and Ya'an Bifengxia Nature Reserve was found to be significantly different (p < 0.05). Age groups, that is, AGE1 (5‐10 years old) and AGE2 (11‐16 years old), also demonstrated significantly different inter‐group microbial species (p < 0.05). For the first time, Chlamydia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were detected in giant pandas’ reproductive tract. GPV3 vaginal sample (2.63%) showed highest Chlamydia content followed by GPV14 (0.91%), and GPV7 (0.62%). GPV5 vaginal sample (7.17%) showed the highest Neisseria gonorrhoeae content, followed by GPV14 (7.02%), and GPV8 (6.50%). Furthermore, we employed eggNOG, CAZy, KEGG, and NCBI databases to investigate the functional significance of giant panda's vaginal microbial community. The outcomes indicated that giant panda's vaginal microbes were involved in biological processes. The data from this study will help in improving the reproductive health of giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Yaru Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Keke Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Ti Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park, Qionglai Mountains Conservation Biology of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants National Permanent Scientific Research Base, Dujiangyan, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Danyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Lyman CC, Holyoak GR, Meinkoth K, Wieneke X, Chillemi KA, DeSilva U. Canine endometrial and vaginal microbiomes reveal distinct and complex ecosystems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210157. [PMID: 30615657 PMCID: PMC6322750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize the normal microbiome of healthy canine vagina and endometrium and to determine the effect of the stage of estrous, on the resident microbiome. Cranial vaginal swabs and uterine biopsy samples were collected from twenty-five bitches in five different stages of estrous at elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Over 4 million reads of the V4 region of 16S rDNA gene were obtained and used for further analyses. A total of 317 genera belonging to 24 known phyla were identified. The endometrium was higher in bacterial diversity while the vagina was higher in richness. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla observed across all samples. Hydrotalea, Ralstonia, and Fusobacterium accounted for nearly 60% of the OTUs identified in the vagina while organisms identified in the endometrium were more evenly distributed. Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium were the prominent genera in the endometrium. The microbiome of the endometrium was distinctly different from that of the vagina. There was large animal-to-animal variation. Other than the vaginal microbiome of bitches in estrus (i.e. in heat), there were no distinct clustering of the organisms based on the stage of estrous. These findings establish the presence of a resident microbiome of the endometrium throughout all stages of estrous cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. C. Lyman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - G. R. Holyoak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - K. Meinkoth
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - X. Wieneke
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States Of America
| | - K. A. Chillemi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - U. DeSilva
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States Of America
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Yang X, Cheng G, Li C, Yang J, Li J, Chen D, Zou W, Jin S, Zhang H, Li D, He Y, Wang C, Wang M, Wang H. The normal vaginal and uterine bacterial microbiome in giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Microbiol Res 2017; 199:1-9. [PMID: 28454704 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While the health effects of the colonization of the reproductive tracts of mammals by bacterial communities are widely known, there is a dearth of knowledge specifically in relation to giant panda microbiomes. In order to investigate the vaginal and uterine bacterial diversity of healthy giant pandas, we used high-throughput sequence analysis of portions of the 16S rRNA gene, based on samples taken from the vaginas (GPV group) and uteri (GPU group) of these animals. Results showed that the four most abundant phyla, which contained in excess of 98% of the total sequences, were Proteobacteria (59.2% for GPV and 51.4% for GPU), Firmicutes (34.4% for GPV and 23.3% for GPU), Actinobacteria (5.2% for GPV and 14.0% for GPU) and Bacteroidetes (0.3% for GPV and 10.3% for GPU). At the genus level, Escherichia was most abundant (11.0%) in the GPV, followed by Leuconostoc (8.7%), Pseudomonas (8.0%), Acinetobacter (7.3%), Streptococcus (6.3%) and Lactococcus (6.0%). In relation to the uterine samples, Janthinobacterium had the highest prevalence rate (20.2%), followed by Corynebacterium (13.2%), Streptococcus (19.6%), Psychrobacter (9.3%), Escherichia (7.5%) and Bacteroides (6.2%). Moreover, both Chao1 and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) species richness indices, which were operating at the same sequencing depth for each sample, demonstrated that GPV had more species richness than GPU, while Simpson and Shannon indices of diversity indicated that GPV had the higher bacterial diversity. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential influence abnormal reproductive tract microbial communities have on negative pregnancy outcomes in giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Guangyang Cheng
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Caiwu Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jianan Li
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Danyu Chen
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Wencheng Zou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - SenYan Jin
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China.
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Yongguo He
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Min Wang
- Wolong Nature Reserve Administration of Sicuan Province, Wolong, Sichuan 623006, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.
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