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Rueger T, Harrison HB, Gardiner NM, Berumen ML, Jones GP. Extra-pair mating in a socially monogamous and paternal mouth-brooding cardinalfish. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2625-2635. [PMID: 30985980 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Many vertebrates form monogamous pairs to mate and care for their offspring. However, genetic tools have increasingly shown that offspring often arise from matings outside of the monogamous pair bond. Social monogamy is relatively common in coral reef fishes, but there have been few studies that have confirmed monogamy or extra-pair reproduction, either for males or for females. Here, long-term observations and genetic tools were applied to examine the parentage of embryos in a paternally mouth-brooding cardinalfish, Sphaeramia nematoptera. Paternal care in fishes, such as mouth-brooding, is thought to be associated with a high degree of confidence in paternity. Two years of observations confirmed that S. nematoptera form long-term pair bonds within larger groups. However, genetic parentage revealed extra-pair mating by both sexes. Of 105 broods analysed from 64 males, 30.1% were mothered by a female that was not the partner and 11.5% of broods included eggs from two females. Despite the high paternal investment associated with mouth-brooding, 7.6% of broods were fertilized by two males. Extra-pair matings appeared to be opportunistic encounters with individuals from outside the immediate group. We argue that while pair formation contributes to group cohesion, both males and females can maximize lifetime reproductive success by taking advantage of extra-pair mating opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Rueger
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo B Harrison
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naomi M Gardiner
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Geoffrey P Jones
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Rosenbaum S, Hirwa J, Silk J, Vigilant L, Stoinski T. Male rank, not paternity, predicts male–immature relationships in mountain gorillas, Gorilla beringei beringei. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Kindsvater HK, Alonzo SH. Short-term dynamics of nest occupancy in an allopaternal species, the tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:1398-1402. [PMID: 23557314 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To inquire how male size interacts with alloparental behaviour and mating success in the tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi, males were given a choice of nests with or without eggs; subsequent nest occupancy, takeovers and egg deposits were monitored. Subordinate males readily occupied available nests with eggs but were often evicted by dominant males, suggesting that males of all sizes compete for the opportunity to provide allopaternal care in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kindsvater
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Stiver KA, Wolff SH, Alonzo SH. Sharing of potential nest sites by Etheostoma olmstedi males suggests mutual tolerance in an alloparental species. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56041. [PMID: 23468853 PMCID: PMC3585326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
When reproductive competitors tolerate or cooperate with one another, they may gain particular benefits, such as collectively guarding resources or attracting mates. Shared resources may be those essential to reproduction, such as a breeding site or nest. Using the tessellated darter, a species where males but not females compete over potential nest sites, we examined site use and sharing under controlled conditions of differing competitor density. Sharing was observed even when competitor density was low and individuals could have each occupied a potential nest site without same-sex sharing. Males were more likely to share a nest site with one other when the difference in size between them was larger rather than smaller. There was no evidence that female sharing was dependent on their relative size. Fish were generally more likely to use and share larger sites, in accordance with the greater relative surface area they offered. We discuss how one or both sharing males may potentially benefit, and how male sharing of potential nest sites could relate to female mating preferences. Tessellated darter males are known to provide alloparental care for eggs but this occurs without any social contact between the alloparent and the genetic father of the young. Thus, the suggestion that they may also share sites and maintain social contact with reproductive competitors highlights the importance of increased focus on the potential complexity of reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Stiver
- Psychology Department, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Adoption and cuckoldry lead to alloparental care in the tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi), a non-group-living species with no evidence of nest site limitation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Population genetic structure and conservation genetics of threatened Okaloosa darters (Etheostoma okaloosae). CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Cashner MF, Bart HL. Reproductive Ecology of Nest Associates: Use of RFLPs to Identify Cyprinid Eggs. COPEIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-09-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Multiple mating and its relationship to alternative modes of gestation in male-pregnant versus female-pregnant fish species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18915-20. [PMID: 20956296 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1013786107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We construct a verbal and graphical theory (the "fecundity-limitation hypothesis") about how constraints on the brooding space for embryos probably truncate individual fecundity in male-pregnant and female-pregnant species in ways that should differentially influence selection pressures for multiple mating by males or by females. We then review the empirical literature on genetically deduced rates of multiple mating by the embryo-brooding parent in various fish species with three alternative categories of pregnancy: internal gestation by males, internal gestation by females, and external gestation (in nests) by males. Multiple mating by the brooding gender was common in all three forms of pregnancy. However, rates of multiple mating as well as mate numbers for the pregnant parent averaged higher in species with external as compared with internal male pregnancy, and also for dams in female-pregnant species versus sires in male-pregnant species. These outcomes are all consistent with the theory that different types of pregnancy have predictable consequences for a parent's brood space, its effective fecundity, its opportunities and rewards for producing half-sib clutches, and thereby its exposure to selection pressures for seeking multiple mates. Overall, we try to fit these fecundity-limitation phenomena into a broader conceptual framework for mating-system evolution that also includes anisogamy, sexual-selection gradients, parental investment, and other selective factors that can influence the relative proclivities of males versus females to seek multiple sexual partners.
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Saarinen EV, Austin JD. When technology meets conservation: increased microsatellite marker production using 454 genome sequencing on the endangered Okaloosa Darter (Etheostoma okaloosae). J Hered 2010; 101:784-8. [PMID: 20624755 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esq080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing affords a cost and time effective means of obtaining large numbers of genetic markers for conservation studies. Here, we present thousands of novel microsatellite loci developed for the Okaloosa darter, Etheostoma okaloosae, an endangered percid fish. We sequenced more than 29 million bp using 454 whole genome shotgun sequencing and employed free user-friendly bioinformatics tools to screen for microsatellite loci and design appropriate primers. We tested 39 primer sets for polymorphism and ran population-level analyses on a population of Okaloosa darters. Of these, 30 markers were variable with an observed and expected heterozygosity of 0.382 and 0.430, respectively, and allele numbers ranging from 2 to 13. Comparisons against the zebra fish reference genome, Danio rerio, revealed that these loci represent an adequate chromosomal coverage of the darter genome, although total genomic coverage was only 2.4-3.3%. We also tested these loci on the brown darter, E. edwini, and identified loci that will be useful for hybridization studies between these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily V Saarinen
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA.
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Coleman S, Harlin‐Cognato A, Jones A. Reproductive Isolation, Reproductive Mode, and Sexual Selection: Empirical Tests of the Viviparity‐Driven Conflict Hypothesis. Am Nat 2009; 173:291-303. [DOI: 10.1086/596542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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RIOS-CARDENAS OSCAR, WEBSTER MICHAELS. A molecular genetic examination of the mating system of pumpkinseed sunfish reveals high pay-offs for specialized sneakers. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:2310-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leclerc E, Mailhot Y, Mingelbier M, Bernatchez L. The landscape genetics of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in a large fluvial ecosystem. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1702-17. [PMID: 18331242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Landscape genetics is being increasingly applied to elucidate the role of environmental features on the population structure of terrestrial organisms. However, the potential of this framework has been little explored in aquatic ecosystems such as large rivers. Here, we used a landscape genetics approach in order to (i) document the population structure of the yellow perch (Perca flavescens) by means of genetic variation at microsatellite markers, (ii) assess to what extent the structure was explained by landscape heterogeneity, and (iii) interpret the relevance of interactions between genetics and landscape for management and conservation. Analysis of the genetic variation among 1715 individuals from 16 localities and distributed over 310 km in the freshwater section of the Saint Lawrence River (Québec, Canada) revealed a relatively modest level of genetic structuring (F(ST) = 0.039). Application of the Monmonier's algorithm combining geographical and genetic information identified three zones of restricted gene flow defining four distinct populations. Physical barriers played a more important role on gene flow and genetic structure than waterway geographical distance. We found correlations between genetic differentiation and presence of distinct water masses in the sector of Lake Saint-Louis (r = 0.7177, P = 0.0340) and with fragmentation of spawning habitats in the sector of Lake Saint-Pierre (r = 0.8578, P = 0.0095). Our results support the treatment of four distinct biological units, which is in contrast with the current basis for yellow perch management. Finally, this study showed that landscape genetics is a powerful means to identify environmental barriers to gene flow causing genetic discontinuities in apparently highly connected aquatic landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Leclerc
- Département de biologie, Pavillon Charles-Eugène Marchand, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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GABEL JENNIFERM, DAKIN ELIZABETHE, FREEMAN BYRONJ, PORTER BRADYA. Isolation and identification of eight microsatellite loci in the Cherokee darter (Etheostoma scotti) and their variability in other members of the genera Etheostoma, Ammocrypta, and Percina. Mol Ecol Resour 2008; 8:149-51. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Male spottail darters (Etheostoma squamiceps) do not use chemical or positional cues to discriminate between sired and foster eggs. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-005-0087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF PARENTAGE, RELATEDNESS, AND FITNESS: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR WILD ANIMALS. J Wildl Manage 2005. [DOI: 10.2193/0022-541x(2005)69[1400:mattso]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Avise JC, Jones AG, Walker D, DeWoody JA. Genetic mating systems and reproductive natural histories of fishes: lessons for ecology and evolution. Annu Rev Genet 2003; 36:19-45. [PMID: 12429685 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genet.36.030602.090831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fish species have diverse breeding behaviors that make them valuable for testing theories on genetic mating systems and reproductive tactics. Here we review genetic appraisals of paternity and maternity in wild fish populations. Behavioral phenomena quantified by genetic markers in various species include patterns of multiple mating by both sexes; frequent cuckoldry by males and rare cuckoldry by females in nest-tending species; additional routes to surrogate parentage via nest piracy and egg-thievery; egg mimicry by nest-tending males; brood parasitism by helper males in cooperative breeders; clutch mixing in oral brooders; kinship in schooling fry of broadcast spawners; sperm storage by dams in female-pregnant species; and sex-role reversal, polyandry, and strong sexual selection on females in some male-pregnant species. Additional phenomena addressed by genetic parentage analyses in fishes include clustered mutations, filial cannibalism, and local population size. All results are discussed in the context of relevant behavioral and evolutionary theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Avise
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA.
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Fiumera AC, Dewoody JA, Asmussen MA, Avise JC. Estimating the proportion of offspring attributable to candidate adults. Evol Ecol 2002. [DOI: 10.1023/a:1021608722269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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20
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Fiumera AC, Porter BA, Grossman GD, Avise JC. Intensive genetic assessment of the mating system and reproductive success in a semi-closed population of the mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi. Mol Ecol 2002; 11:2367-77. [PMID: 12406247 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2002.01585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Most genetic surveys of parentage in nature sample only a small fraction of the breeding population. Here we apply microsatellite markers to deduce the genetic mating system and assess the reproductive success of females and males in an extensively collected, semi-closed stream population of the mottled sculpin fish, Cottus bairdi. In this species, males guard nest rocks where females deposit the eggs for fertilization. The potential exists for both males and females to mate with multiple partners and for males to provide parental care to genetically unrelated offspring. Four hundred and fifty-five adults and subadults, as well as 1,259 offspring from 23 nests, were genotyped at five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Multilocus maternal genotypes, deduced via genetic analyses of embryos, were reconstructed for more than 90% of the analysed nests, thus allowing both male and female reproductive success to be estimated accurately. There was no genetic evidence for cuckoldry, but one nest probably represents a takeover event. Successful males spawned with a mean of 2.8 partners, whereas each female apparently deposited her entire clutch of eggs in a single nest (mean fecundity = 66 eggs/female). On average, genetically deduced sires and dams were captured 1.6 and 9.3 metres from their respective nests, indicating little movement by breeders during the spawning season. Based on a 'genetic mark-recapture' estimate, the total number of potentially breeding adults (c. 570) was an order-of-magnitude larger than genetically based estimates of the effective number of breeders (c. 54). In addition, significantly fewer eggs per female were deposited in single than in multidam nests. Not only were perceived high-quality males spawning with multiple partners, but they were receiving more eggs from each female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Fiumera
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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McCoy EE, Jones AG, Avise JC. The genetic mating system and tests for cuckoldry in a pipefish species in which males fertilize eggs and brood offspring externally. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:1793-800. [PMID: 11472546 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly variable microsatellite loci were used to study the mating system of Nerophis ophidion, a species of pipefish in which pregnant males carry embryos on the outside of their body rather than in an enclosed brood pouch. Despite this mode of external fertilization and brooding, otherwise rare in the family Syngnathidae, the genotypes of all embryos proved to be consistent with paternity by the tending male, thus indicating that cuckoldry by sneaker males is rare or nonexistent in this species. N. ophidion is a phylogenetic outlier within the Syngnathidae and its reproductive morphology is thought to be close to the presumed ancestral condition for pipefishes and seahorses. Thus, our genetic results suggest that the evolutionary elaboration of the enclosed brood pouch elsewhere in the family was probably not in response to selection pressures on pregnant males to avoid fertilization thievery. With regard to maternity assignments, our genotypic data are consistent with behavioural observations indicating that females sometimes mate with more than one male during a breeding episode, and that each male carries eggs from a single female. Thus, the polyandrous genetic mating system in this species parallels the social mating system, and both are consistent with a more intense sexual selection operating on females, and the elaboration of secondary sexual characters in that gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E McCoy
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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DeWoody JA, Fletcher DE, Wilkins SD, Avise JC. Genetic documentation of filial cannibalism in nature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5090-2. [PMID: 11309508 PMCID: PMC33168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.091102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannibalism is widespread in natural populations of fishes, where the stomachs of adults frequently contain conspecific juveniles. Furthermore, field observations suggest that guardian males routinely eat offspring from their own nests. However, recent genetic paternity analyses have shown that fish nests often contain embryos not sired by the nest-tending male (because of cuckoldry events, egg thievery, or nest piracy). Such findings, coupled with the fact that several fish species have known capabilities for distinguishing kin from nonkin, raise the possibility that cannibalism by guardian males is directed primarily or exclusively toward unrelated embryos in their nests. Here, we test this hypothesis by collecting freshly cannibalized embryos from the stomachs of several nest-tending darter and sunfish males in nature and determining their genetic parentage by using polymorphic microsatellite markers. Our molecular results clearly indicate that guardian males do indeed consume their own genetic offspring, even when unrelated (foster) embryos are present within the nest. These data provide genetic documentation of filial cannibalism in nature. Furthermore, they suggest that the phenomenon may result, at least in part, from an inability of guardians to differentiate between kin and nonkin within their own nests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A DeWoody
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Dewoody JA, Fletcher DE, MacKiewicz M, Wilkins SD, Avise JC. The genetic mating system of spotted sunfish (Lepomis punctatus): mate numbers and the influence of male reproductive parasites. Mol Ecol 2000; 9:2119-28. [PMID: 11123623 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In nest-building fish species, mature males often exhibit one of two alternative reproductive behaviours. Bourgeois males build nests, court females, and guard their eggs. Parasitic cuckolders attempt to steal fertilizations from bourgeois males and do not invest in parental care. Previous evidence from the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) suggests that adult males are morphologically specialized for these two tactics. Here, we used microsatellite markers to determine genetic parentage in a natural population of the spotted sunfish (L. punctatus) that also displayed both bourgeois and parasitic male morphs. As gauged by relative investments in gonadal vs. somatic tissues, between 5 and 15% of the mature adult males were parasites. Multi-locus genotypes were generated for more than 1400 embryos in 30 nests, their nest-guardian males, and for other adults in the population. Progeny in approximately 57% of the nests were sired exclusively by the guardian male, but the remaining nests contained embryos resulting from cuckoldry as well. Overall, the frequency of offspring resulting from stolen fertilizations was only 1.3%, indicating that the great majority of paternity is by bourgeois nesting males. With regard to maternity, 87% of the nests had at least three dams, and computer simulations estimate that about 7.2 dams spawned per nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Dewoody
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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