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Adams DB, Kitchen DM. Experimental evidence that titi and saki monkey alarm calls deter an ambush predator. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Isbell LA, Bidner LR. Vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) alarm calls to leopards (Panthera pardus) function as a predator deterrent. BEHAVIOUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Behavioural predator–prey interactions are difficult to study, especially when predators avoid humans. To gain greater understanding of their dynamism, we conducted a 14-month field study in which we minimized human presence by employing acoustic recorders and camera traps, along with GPS collars deployed on vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) and leopards (Panthera pardus) in Laikipia, Kenya. Recordings at the vervets’ sleeping site revealed that they gave ‘leopard’ alarm calls most frequently near dusk and dawn, whereas photographs showed that leopards approached vervets more closely at night, when the monkeys alarm-called less often. GPS data showed that after vervets alarm-called, leopards within 200 m quickly moved away, changing direction, but when vervets did not alarm-call, leopards continued moving forward. These results reveal that vervets’ leopard alarm calls function as a predator deterrent in addition to a conspecific warning call.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Animal Behavior Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
| | - Laura R. Bidner
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya
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Hettena AM, Munoz N, Blumstein DT. Prey Responses to Predator's Sounds: A Review and Empirical Study. Ethology 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Munoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Daniel T. Blumstein
- The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory; Crested Butte CO USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA USA
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Carrasco MF, Blumstein DT. Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) respond to yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventris) alarm calls. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.02002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stankowich T. Tail-Flicking, Tail-Flagging, and Tail Position in Ungulates with Special Reference to Black-Tailed Deer. Ethology 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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