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Hori M, Takada H, Nakane Y, Minami M, Inoue E. Genetic Analysis Reveals Dispersal Patterns of Japanese Serow in Two Different Habitats of a Mountainous Region. Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:201-209. [PMID: 38587915 DOI: 10.2108/zs230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Dispersal increases the costs of feeding and predation risk in the new environment and is reported to be biased toward habitats similar to the natal region in some mammals. The benefits and costs of dispersal often differ between sexes, and most mammals show male-biased dispersal in relation to a polygamous mating system. Japanese serow is generally a solitary and monogamous species. However, recent studies have shown that the sociality of serows on Mt. Asama differs between habitat types. In the mountain forests with low forage availability, solitary habits and social monogamy were observed, while, in alpine grasslands, female grouping and social polygyny were observed, which is probably due to abundant forage availability. We investigated the effects of habitat characteristics and sociality on the dispersal of serows using fecal and tissue samples from two different habitats on Mt. Asama. The Fst value between the two areas was significantly positive, and the mean relatedness within areas was significantly higher than that between areas, which suggests limited gene flow and natal habitat-biased dispersal. Bayesian clustering analysis showed unidirectional gene flow from forest to grassland, which was probably due to the high forage availability of the grassland. Analyses of the assignment index and mean relatedness did not show male-biased dispersal, even in the grassland, where serows were polygynous. Thus, polygyny in the grassland is not linked to male-biased dispersal. In summary, our study suggests that dispersal patterns in Japanese serows are affected by habitat rather than social differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Hori
- Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hayato Takada
- Wildlife Management Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
- Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefecture Government, Fijiyoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakane
- Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masato Minami
- Azabu University, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Eiji Inoue
- Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan,
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2
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Walton Z, Hagenlund M, Østbye K, Samelius G, Odden M, Norman A, Willebrand T, Spong G. Moving far, staying close: red fox dispersal patterns revealed by SNP genotyping. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe genetic structure of a population can provide important insights into animal movements at varying geographical scales. Individual and social behaviors, such as philopatry and dispersal, affect patterns of relatedness, age and sex structure, shaping the local genetic structure of populations. However, these fine scale patterns may not be detected within broader population genetic structure. Using SNP genotyping for pairwise relatedness estimates, we investigated the spatial and genetic structuring of 141 red foxes within south-central Sweden at two scales. First, we looked at broad scale population structuring among red foxes at the regional level. We then estimated pairwise relatedness values to evaluate the spatial and genetic structure of male, female and mixed sex pairs for patterns of philopatry and dispersal at a more localized scale. We found limited genetic differentiation at the regional scale. However, local investigations revealed patterns of female philopatry and male biased dispersal. There were significant differences in pairwise geographic distances between highly related same sex pairs with the average distance between related males, 37.8 km, being six times farther than that of related females, averaging 6.3 km. In summary, the low levels of genetic differentiation found in this study illustrates the mobility and dispersal ability of red foxes across scales. However, relatedness plays a strong role in the spatial organization of red foxes locally, ultimately contributing to male biased dispersal patterns.
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3
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LaCava MEF, Gagne RB, Stowell SML, Gustafson KD, Buerkle CA, Knox L, Ernest HB. Pronghorn population genomics show connectivity in the core of their range. J Mammal 2020; 101:1061-1071. [PMID: 33100929 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving connectivity in the core of a species' range is crucial for long-term persistence. However, a combination of ecological characteristics, social behavior, and landscape features can reduce connectivity among wildlife populations and lead to genetic structure. Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), for example, exhibit fluctuating herd dynamics and variable seasonal migration strategies, but GPS tracking studies show that landscape features such as highways impede their movements, leading to conflicting hypotheses about expected levels of genetic structure. Given that pronghorn populations declined significantly in the early 1900s, have only partially recovered, and are experiencing modern threats from landscape modification, conserving connectivity among populations is important for their long-term persistence in North America. To assess the genetic structure and diversity of pronghorn in the core of their range, we genotyped 4,949 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 11 microsatellites from 398 individuals throughout the state of Wyoming. We found no evidence of genetic subdivision and minimal evidence of isolation by distance despite a range that spans hundreds of kilometers, multiple mountain ranges, and three interstate highways. In addition, a rare variant analysis using putatively recent mutations found no genetic division between pronghorn on either side of a major highway corridor. Although we found no evidence that barriers to daily and seasonal movements of pronghorn impede gene flow, we suggest periodic monitoring of genetic structure and diversity as a part of management strategies to identify changes in connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E F LaCava
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Roderick B Gagne
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sierra M Love Stowell
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Kyle D Gustafson
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Biology and Environmental Health, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, MO, USA
| | - C Alex Buerkle
- Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Lee Knox
- Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Holly B Ernest
- Wildlife Genomics and Disease Ecology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Program in Ecology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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4
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Belsare AV, Gompper ME, Keller B, Sumners J, Hansen L, Millspaugh JJ. An agent-based framework for improving wildlife disease surveillance: A case study of chronic wasting disease in Missouri white-tailed deer. Ecol Modell 2020; 417. [PMID: 32189826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological surveillance for important wildlife diseases often relies on samples obtained from hunter-harvested animals. A problem, however, is that although convenient and cost-effective, hunter-harvest samples are not representative of the population due to heterogeneities in disease distribution and biased sampling. We developed an agent-based modeling framework that i) simulates a deer population in a user-generated landscape, and ii) uses a snapshot of the in silico deer population to simulate disease prevalence and distribution, harvest effort and sampling as per user-specified parameters. This framework can incorporate real-world heterogeneities in disease distribution, hunter harvest and harvest-based sampling, and therefore can be useful in informing wildlife disease surveillance strategies, specifically to determine population-specific sample sizes necessary for prompt detection of disease. Application of this framework is illustrated using the example of chronic wasting disease (CWD) surveillance in Missouri's white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) population. We show how confidence in detecting CWD is grossly overestimated under the unrealistic, but standard, assumptions that sampling effort and disease are randomly and independently distributed. We then provide adjusted sample size recommendations based on more realistic assumptions. Wildlife agencies can use these open-access models to design their CWD surveillance. Furthermore, these models can be readily adapted to other regions and other wildlife disease systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew E Gompper
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Barbara Keller
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN 55155, USA
| | - Jason Sumners
- Missouri Department of Conservation, 3500 East Gans Road, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lonnie Hansen
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Joshua J Millspaugh
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Almojil D, Cliff G, Spaet JLY. Weak population structure of the Spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah and the Blacktip shark C. limbatus along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula, Pakistan, and South Africa. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:9536-9549. [PMID: 30377521 PMCID: PMC6194305 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in demand for shark meat and fins has placed shark populations worldwide under high fishing pressure. In the Arabian region, the spot-tail shark Carcharhinus sorrah and the Blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus are among the most exploited species. In this study, we investigated the population genetic structure of C. sorrah (n = 327) along the coasts of the Arabian Peninsula and of C. limbatus (n = 525) along the Arabian coasts, Pakistan, and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, using microsatellite markers (15 and 11 loci, respectively). Our findings support weak population structure in both species. Carcharhinus sorrah exhibited a fine structure, subdividing the area into three groups. The first group comprises all samples from Bahrain, the second from the UAE and Yemen, and the third from Oman. Similarly, C. limbatus exhibited population subdivision into three groups. The first group, comprising samples from Bahrain and Kuwait, was highly differentiated from the second and third groups, comprising samples from Oman, Pakistan, the UAE, and Yemen; and South Africa and the Saudi Arabian Red Sea, respectively. Population divisions were supported by pairwise F ST values and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), but not by STRUCTURE. We suggest that the mostly low but significant pairwise F ST values in our study are suggestive of fine population structure, which is possibly attributable to behavioral traits such as residency in C. sorrah and site fidelity and philopatry in C. limbatus. However, for all samples obtained from the northern parts of the Gulf (Bahrain and/or Kuwait) in both species, the higher but significant pairwise F ST values could possibly be a result of founder effects during the Tethys Sea closure. Based on DAPC and F ST results, we suggest each population to be treated as independent management unit, as conservation concerns emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geremy Cliff
- KwaZulu‐Natal Shark BoardUmhlanga, South Africa and School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - Julia L. Y. Spaet
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Red Sea Research CenterDivision of Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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6
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Social cohesion and intra-population community structure in southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-018-2557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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7
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Crawford JC, Dechen Quinn A, Williams DM, Rudolph BA, Scribner KT, Porter WF. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of deer in a suburban landscape. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne C. Crawford
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Amy Dechen Quinn
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; State University of New York-Cobleskill; Cobleskill NY 12043 USA
| | - David M. Williams
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Brent A. Rudolph
- Michigan Department of Natural Resources; Lansing Customer Service Center; Lansing MI 48911 USA
| | - Kim T. Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Department of Integrative Biology, and Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - William F. Porter
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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Pagon N, Grignolio S, Brivio F, Marcon A, Apollonio M. Territorial behaviour of male roe deer: a telemetry study of spatial behaviour and activity levels. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a9.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pagon
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
- Slovenia Forest Service, Večna pot 2, Sl-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefano Grignolio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Francesca Brivio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Andrea Marcon
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
| | - Marco Apollonio
- University of Sassari, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; e-mail:
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9
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Bose S, Forrester TD, Brazeal JL, Sacks BN, Casady DS, Wittmer HU. Implications of fidelity and philopatry for the population structure of female black-tailed deer. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Mejía-Salazar MF, Goldizen AW, Menz CS, Dwyer RG, Blomberg SP, Waldner CL, Cullingham CI, Bollinger TK. Mule deer spatial association patterns and potential implications for transmission of an epizootic disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175385. [PMID: 28388681 PMCID: PMC5384682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal social behaviour can have important effects on the long-term dynamics of diseases. In particular, preferential spatial relationships between individuals can lead to differences in the rates of disease spread within a population. We examined the concurrent influence of genetic relatedness, sex, age, home range overlap, time of year, and prion disease status on proximal associations of adult Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in a chronic wasting disease endemic area. We also quantified the temporal stability of these associations across different sex, age, and disease status classes. We used three years of high frequency telemetry data from 74 individuals to record encounters within 25 m of each other, and to calculate seasonal home range overlap measured by volume of intersection (VI). The strength of pairwise spatial association between adult mule deer was independent of genetic relatedness, age and disease status. Seasonal variation in association strength was not consistent across years, perhaps due to annual changes in weather conditions. The influence of home range overlap on association strength varied seasonally, whereby associations were stronger in pre-rut and fawning than in the rest of the seasons. The sexes of individuals also interacted with both VI and season. At increasing levels of VI, associations were stronger between females than between males and between females and males. The strongest associations in pre-rut were between males, while the strongest in rut were between females and males. The temporal stability of associations was markedly dependant on the sex and the diagnosis of the associating pair. Our findings highlight the importance of considering concurrent effects of biological and environmental factors when seeking to understand the role of social preference in behavioural ecology and disease spread. Applying this knowledge in epidemiological modelling will shed light on the dynamics of disease transmission among mule deer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne W. Goldizen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clementine S. Menz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross G. Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon P. Blomberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cheryl L. Waldner
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Trent K. Bollinger
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC), Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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11
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Koen EL, Tosa MI, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. Does landscape connectivity shape local and global social network structure in white-tailed deer? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173570. [PMID: 28306748 PMCID: PMC5357016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific social behavior can be influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. While much research has focused on how characteristics of individuals influence their roles in social networks, we were interested in the role that landscape structure plays in animal sociality at both individual (local) and population (global) levels. We used female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Illinois, USA, to investigate the potential effect of landscape on social network structure by weighting the edges of seasonal social networks with association rate (based on proximity inferred from GPS collar data). At the local level, we found that sociality among female deer in neighboring social groups (n = 36) was mainly explained by their home range overlap, with two exceptions: 1) during fawning in an area of mixed forest and grassland, deer whose home ranges had low forest connectivity were more social than expected; and 2) during the rut in an area of intensive agriculture, deer inhabiting home ranges with high amount and connectedness of agriculture were more social than expected. At the global scale, we found that deer populations (n = 7) in areas with highly connected forest-agriculture edge, a high proportion of agriculture, and a low proportion of forest tended to have higher weighted network closeness, although low sample size precluded statistical significance. This result implies that infectious disease could spread faster in deer populations inhabiting such landscapes. Our work advances the general understanding of animal social networks, demonstrating how landscape features can underlie differences in social behavior both within and among wildlife social networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Koen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie I. Tosa
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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12
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Noble CW, Bono JM, Pigage HK, Hale DW, Pigage JC. Fine-Scale Genetic Structure in Female Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). WEST N AM NATURALIST 2016. [DOI: 10.3398/064.076.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Colson KE, White KS, Hundertmark KJ. Parturition site selection in moose (Alces alces): evidence for social structure. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Renshaw MA, Olds BP, Jerde CL, McVeigh MM, Lodge DM. The room temperature preservation of filtered environmental DNA samples and assimilation into a phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol DNA extraction. Mol Ecol Resour 2015; 15:168-76. [PMID: 24834966 PMCID: PMC4312482 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current research targeting filtered macrobial environmental DNA (eDNA) often relies upon cold ambient temperatures at various stages, including the transport of water samples from the field to the laboratory and the storage of water and/or filtered samples in the laboratory. This poses practical limitations for field collections in locations where refrigeration and frozen storage is difficult or where samples must be transported long distances for further processing and screening. This study demonstrates the successful preservation of eDNA at room temperature (20 °C) in two lysis buffers, CTAB and Longmire's, over a 2-week period of time. Moreover, the preserved eDNA samples were seamlessly integrated into a phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) DNA extraction protocol. The successful application of the eDNA extraction to multiple filter membrane types suggests the methods evaluated here may be broadly applied in future eDNA research. Our results also suggest that for many kinds of studies recently reported on macrobial eDNA, detection probabilities could have been increased, and at a lower cost, by utilizing the Longmire's preservation buffer with a PCI DNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Renshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Sciences Center, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
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15
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Northrup JM, Shafer ABA, Anderson CR, Coltman DW, Wittemyer G. Fine-scale genetic correlates to condition and migration in a wild cervid. Evol Appl 2014; 7:937-48. [PMID: 25469172 PMCID: PMC4211723 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic traits is fundamental to the study and management of natural populations. Such relationships often are investigated by assessing correlations between phenotypic traits and heterozygosity or genetic differentiation. Using an extensive data set compiled from free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), we combined genetic and ecological data to (i) examine correlations between genetic differentiation and migration timing, (ii) screen for mitochondrial haplotypes associated with migration timing, and (iii) test whether nuclear heterozygosity was associated with condition. Migration was related to genetic differentiation (more closely related individuals migrated closer in time) and mitochondrial haplogroup. Body fat was related to heterozygosity at two nuclear loci (with antagonistic patterns), one of which is situated near a known fat metabolism gene in mammals. Despite being focused on a widespread panmictic species, these findings revealed a link between genetic variation and important phenotypes at a fine scale. We hypothesize that these correlations are either the result of mixing refugial lineages or differential mitochondrial haplotypes influencing energetics. The maintenance of phenotypic diversity will be critical to enable the potential tracking of changing climatic conditions, and these correlates highlight the need to consider evolutionary mechanisms in management, even in widely distributed panmictic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Northrup
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Aaron B A Shafer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles R Anderson
- Mammals Research Section, Colorado Parks and Wildlife Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - David W Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - George Wittemyer
- Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
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16
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VanderWaal KL, Wang H, McCowan B, Fushing H, Isbell LA. Multilevel social organization and space use in reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis). Behav Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/art061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Blanchong JA, Sorin AB, Scribner KT. Genetic diversity and population structure in urban white-tailed deer. J Wildl Manage 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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18
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De La Rosa-Reyna XF, Calderón-Lobato RD, Parra-Bracamonte GM, Sifuentes-Rincón AM, DeYoung RW, García-De León FJ, Arellano-Vera W. Genetic diversity and structure among subspecies of white-tailed deer in Mexico. J Mammal 2012. [DOI: 10.1644/11-mamm-a-212.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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19
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Robinson SJ, Walrath RD, Van Deelen TR, VerCauteren KC. Genetic measures confirm familial relationships and strengthen study design. WILDLIFE SOC B 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Colson KE, Brinkman TJ, Person DK, Hundertmark KJ. Fine-scale social and spatial genetic structure in Sitka black-tailed deer. CONSERV GENET 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-012-0388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Taylor SS, Jenkins DA, Arcese P. Loss of MHC and neutral variation in Peary caribou: genetic drift is not mitigated by balancing selection or exacerbated by MHC allele distributions. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36748. [PMID: 22655029 PMCID: PMC3360046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory and empirical results suggest that the rate of loss of variation at Mhc and neutral microsatellite loci may differ because selection influences Mhc genes, and because a high proportion of rare alleles at Mhc loci may result in high rates of loss via drift. Most published studies compare Mhc and microsatellite variation in various contemporary populations to infer the effects of population size on genetic variation, even though different populations are likely to have different demographic histories that may also affect contemporary genetic variation. We directly compared loss of variation at Mhc and microsatellite loci in Peary caribou by comparing historical and contemporary samples. We observed that similar proportions of genetic variation were lost over time at each type of marker despite strong evidence for selection at Mhc genes. These results suggest that microsatellites can be used to estimate genome-wide levels of variation, but also that adaptive potential is likely to be lost following population bottlenecks. However, gene conversion and recombination at Mhc loci may act to increase variation following bottlenecks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Taylor
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America.
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Vander Wal E, Paquet PC, Andrés JA. Influence of landscape and social interactions on transmission of disease in a social cervid. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:1271-82. [PMID: 22289112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of pathogen transmission are often social behaviours. These occur at local scales and are affected by landscape-scale population structure. Host populations frequently exist in patchy and isolated environments that create a continuum of genetic and social familiarity. Such variability has an important multispatial effect on pathogen spread. We assessed elk dispersal (i.e. likelihood of interdeme pathogen transmission) through spatially explicit genetic analyses. At a landscape scale, the elk population was composed of one cluster within a southeast-to-northwest cline spanning three spatially discrete subpopulations of elk across two protected areas in Manitoba (Canada). Genetic data are consistent with spatial variability in apparent prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in elk. Given the existing population structure, between-subpopulation spread of disease because of elk dispersal is unlikely. Furthermore, to better understand the risk of spread and distribution of the TB, we used a combination of close-contact logging biotelemetry and genetic data, which highlights how social intercourse may affect pathogen transmission. Our results indicate that close-contact interaction rate and duration did not covary with genetic relatedness. Thus, direct elk-to-elk transmission of disease is unlikely to be constrained to related individuals. That social intercourse in elk is not limited to familial groups provides some evidence pathogen transmission may be density-dependent. We show that the combination of landscape-scale genetics, relatedness and local-scale social behaviours is a promising approach to understand and predict landscape-level pathogen transmission within our system and within all social ungulate systems affected by transmissible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Tsuruta JK, Dayton PA, Gallippi CM, O'Rand MG, Streicker MA, Gessner RC, Gregory TS, Silva EJR, Hamil KG, Moser GJ, Sokal DC. Therapeutic ultrasound as a potential male contraceptive: power, frequency and temperature required to deplete rat testes of meiotic cells and epididymides of sperm determined using a commercially available system. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:7. [PMID: 22289508 PMCID: PMC3340307 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies published in the 1970s by Mostafa S. Fahim and colleagues showed that a short treatment with ultrasound caused the depletion of germ cells and infertility. The goal of the current study was to determine if a commercially available therapeutic ultrasound generator and transducer could be used as the basis for a male contraceptive. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and their testes were treated with 1 MHz or 3 MHz ultrasound while varying power, duration and temperature of treatment. RESULTS We found that 3 MHz ultrasound delivered with 2.2 Watt per square cm power for fifteen minutes was necessary to deplete spermatocytes and spermatids from the testis and that this treatment significantly reduced epididymal sperm reserves. 3 MHz ultrasound treatment reduced total epididymal sperm count 10-fold lower than the wet-heat control and decreased motile sperm counts 1,000-fold lower than wet-heat alone. The current treatment regimen provided nominally more energy to the treatment chamber than Fahim's originally reported conditions of 1 MHz ultrasound delivered at 1 Watt per square cm for ten minutes. However, the true spatial average intensity, effective radiating area and power output of the transducers used by Fahim were not reported, making a direct comparison impossible. We found that germ cell depletion was most uniform and effective when we rotated the therapeutic transducer to mitigate non-uniformity of the beam field. The lowest sperm count was achieved when the coupling medium (3% saline) was held at 37 degrees C and two consecutive 15-minute treatments of 3 MHz ultrasound at 2.2 Watt per square cm were separated by 2 days. CONCLUSIONS The non-invasive nature of ultrasound and its efficacy in reducing sperm count make therapeutic ultrasound a promising candidate for a male contraceptive. However, further studies must be conducted to confirm its efficacy in providing a contraceptive effect, to test the result of repeated use, to verify that the contraceptive effect is reversible and to demonstrate that there are no detrimental, long-term effects from using ultrasound as a method of male contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- James K Tsuruta
- The Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, 220 Taylor Hall, CB7500, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 152 MacNider Hall, CB7575. School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Caterina M Gallippi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 152 MacNider Hall, CB7575. School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michael G O'Rand
- The Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, 220 Taylor Hall, CB7500, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, CB7090, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michael A Streicker
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 100, Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - Ryan C Gessner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 152 MacNider Hall, CB7575. School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Thomas S Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 152 MacNider Hall, CB7575. School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Center for Injury Biomechanics, 440 ICTAS Building, Stanger Street, Mail Code 0194, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Erick JR Silva
- The Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, 220 Taylor Hall, CB7500, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, CB7090, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Katherine G Hamil
- The Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, 220 Taylor Hall, CB7500, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, CB7090, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Glenda J Moser
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 100, Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
| | - David C Sokal
- FHI360, 2224 E. NC Highway 54, Durham, North Carolina 27713, USA
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Biondi KM, Belant JL, Martin JA, DeVault TL, Wang G. White-tailed deer incidents with U.S. civil aircraft. WILDLIFE SOC B 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rogers KG, Robinson SJ, Samuel MD, Grear DA. Diversity and distribution of white-tailed deer mtDNA lineages in chronic wasting disease (CWD) outbreak areas in southern Wisconsin, USA. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2011; 74:1521-1535. [PMID: 22043912 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2011.618980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy affecting North American cervids. Because it is uniformly fatal, the disease is a major concern in the management of white-tailed deer populations. Management programs to control CWD require improved knowledge of deer interaction, movement, and population connectivity that could influence disease transmission and spread. Genetic methods were employed to evaluate connectivity among populations in the CWD management zone of southern Wisconsin. A 576-base-pair region of the mitochondrial DNA of 359 white-tailed deer from 12 sample populations was analyzed. Fifty-eight variable sites were detected within the sequence, defining 43 haplotypes. While most sample populations displayed similar levels of haplotype diversity, individual haplotypes were clustered on the landscape. Spatial clusters of different haplotypes were apparent in distinct ecoregions surrounding CWD outbreak areas. The spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes suggests that clustering of the deer matrilineal groups and population connectivity are associated with broad-scale geographic landscape features. These landscape characteristics may also influence the contact rates between groups and therefore the potential spread of CWD; this may be especially true of local disease spread between female social groups. Our results suggest that optimal CWD management needs to be tailored to fit gender-specific dispersal behaviors and regional differences in deer population connectivity. This information will help wildlife managers design surveillance and monitoring efforts based on population interactions and potential deer movement among CWD-affected and unaffected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kip G Rogers
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Bonnot N, Gaillard JM, Coulon A, Galan M, Cosson JF, Delorme D, Klein F, Hewison AJM. No difference between the sexes in fine-scale spatial genetic structure of roe deer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14436. [PMID: 21203388 PMCID: PMC3010998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on spatial genetic patterns may provide information about the ecological and behavioural mechanisms underlying population structure. Indeed, social organization and dispersal patterns of species may be reflected by the pattern of genetic structure within a population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) population in Trois-Fontaines (France) using 12 microsatellite loci. The roe deer is weakly polygynous and highly sedentary, and can form matrilineal clans. We show that relatedness among individuals was negatively correlated with geographic distance, indicating that spatially proximate individuals are also genetically close. More unusually for a large mammalian herbivore, the link between relatedness and distance did not differ between the sexes, which is consistent with the lack of sex-biased dispersal and the weakly polygynous mating system of roe deer. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results contrast with previous reports on highly polygynous species with male-biased dispersal, such as red deer, where local genetic structure was detected in females only. This divergence between species highlights the importance of socio-spatial organization in determining local genetic structure of vertebrate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bonnot
- Laboratoire Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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