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Fraser EE, McGuire LP. Prehibernation swarming in temperate bats: a critical transition between summer activity and hibernation. CAN J ZOOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2022-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution to Dr. Brock Fenton's Festschrift, we briefly reflect on Dr. Fenton's seminal works examining bat swarming behaviour in Ontario and use these reflections as a launch pad to conduct a global review on autumn swarming in bats, and underlying hypotheses to explain this behaviour. Our review frames the swarming period as a time of critical transitions, during which bats must balance multiple life history trade-offs, and we consider how various intrinsic and extrinsic factors may contribute to inter- and intraspecific differences in autumn behaviour. We discuss the transition away from summer residency, including maternity colony breakup, day roosting, and migration during autumn. We review key life history elements of swarming, including mating behaviours and associated reproductive condition, genetic exchange during swarming, and variation among sexes, ages, and species. Finally, we discuss the behaviours and physiological states of bats transitioning from the swarming period to hibernation. Throughout, we identify common patterns and also exceptions. Over 50 years of research has yielded many insights into autumn swarming, but knowledge gaps remain. Future research focus on a greater diversity of species will reveal general principles underlying the transition from summer active season, through the swarming period, and into winter hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Fraser
- School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Grenfell Campus), 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Liam P. McGuire
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Giavi S, Glaizot O, Christe P. Sex and Age Variation in the Phenology of a Common Pipistrelle Bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) Population in Front of a Hibernaculum. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.1.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giavi
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Museum of Zoology, Place de la Riponne 6, 1014 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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The northernmost findings of the Alcathoe bat (Myotis alcathoe von Helversen & Heller, 2001) in Poland. THERIOLOGIA UKRAINICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15407/tu1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Alcathoe bat Myotis alcathoe (von Helversen, Heller, 2001) is a newly described species of the cryptic complex of whiskered bat species living in sympatry across Europe. The habitats preferred by this species are natural, moist and deciduous forests with old trees and water streams. The majority of known locations of this species come from highlands, foothills and mountainous regions while practically not occurring in the lower elevations. They come mainly from cave areas, where bats were caught during autumn swarming, while records in other seasons are much less frequent. Currently, individual sites in Poland also come from lowlands, beyond the range of the mountains and uplands, which indicates a possible wider range of this species. The bats were captured using mist-nests in the Silesian Lowlands for three consecutive years (2013–2015). The localities were placed in various forest environments, ranging in elevation from 100 to 260 m a.s.l. Bats were initially identified based on morphological features, then the correctness of identification was confirmed by molecular methods. Two females and five males of Myotis alcathoe were captured into four new locations from the lowlands of Poland: Przemków, Głębowice, Chodlewo, and Dalkowskie Jary (Silesian Lowland). Old trees and a small watercourse were important elements in all these locations. Currently, these findings are the northernmost locations of the species in Poland and one of the northernmost locations in Central Europe. The latest findings of the species are located about 50 km to the south, but the vast majority of the rest of locations is from the foothills belt. This finding suggests that the species may inhabit regions much further north than previously suggested, and the limiting factor is the presence of old trees in wet environments.
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Andersen LW, Dirksen R, Nikulina EA, Baagøe HJ, Petersons G, Estók P, Orlov OL, Orlova MV, Gloza‐Rausch F, Göttsche M, Fjederholt ET, Krüger F, Elmeros M. Conservation genetics of the pond bat ( Myotis dasycneme) with special focus on the populations in northwestern Germany and in Jutland, Denmark. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:5292-5308. [PMID: 31110680 PMCID: PMC6509384 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Conservation genetics is important in the management of endangered species, helping to understand their connectivity and long-term viability, thus identifying populations of importance for conservation. The pond bat (Myotis dasycneme) is a rare species classified as "Near Threatened" with a wide but patchy Palearctic distribution. A total of 277 samples representing populations in Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Hungary, and Russia were used in the genetic analyses; 224 samples representing Denmark, Germany, and Russia were analyzed at 10 microsatellite loci; 241 samples representing all areas were analyzed using mitochondrial D-loop and cytochrome B sequences. A Bayesian clustering approach revealed two poorly resolved clusters, one representing the Danish and German groups and the other the Russian group. However, significantly different pairwise F ST and D EST estimates were observed between the Danish and German groups and between the Danish and Russian groups suggesting a recent population structure. These conflicting results might be attributed to the effect of migration or low resolution due to the number of microsatellite markers used. After concatenating the two mitochondrial sequences, analysis detected significant genetic differentiation between all populations, probably due to genetic drift combined with a founder event. The phylogenetic tree suggested a closer relationship between the Russian and Northern European populations compared to the Hungarian population, implying that the latter belongs to an older ancestral population. This was supported by the observed haplotype network and higher nucleotide diversity in this population. The genetic structuring observed in the Danish/German pond bat stresses the need for a cross-border management between the two countries. Further, the pronounced mtDNA structuring, together with the indicated migration between nearby populations suggest philopatric female behavior but male migration, emphasizes the importance of protecting suitable habitat mosaics to maintain a continuum of patches with dense pond bat populations across the species' distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronja Dirksen
- Population Genetics Group, Department of Biology, Zoological InstituteChristian‐Albrechts University of KielKielGermany
| | - Elena A. Nikulina
- Centre for Baltic and Scandinavian Archaeology (ZBSA)Schleswig‐Holstein State Museums FoundationSchleswigGermany
| | | | - Gunars Petersons
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineLatvia University of Life Sciences and TechnologiesJelgavaLatvia
| | | | - Oleg L. Orlov
- International Complex Research Laboratory for Study of Climate Change, Land Use and BiodiversityUniversity of TyumenTyumenRussia
- Department of BiochemistryUral State Medical UniversityEkaterinburgRussia
| | - Maria V. Orlova
- International Complex Research Laboratory for Study of Climate Change, Land Use and BiodiversityUniversity of TyumenTyumenRussia
- Laboratory of Biodiversity MonitoringNational Research Tomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | | | - Matthias Göttsche
- Faunistisch‐ Ökologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft, AG WirbeltiereChristian‐Albrechts‐Universität KielKielGermany
| | | | | | - Morten Elmeros
- Department of BioscienceKalø, Aarhus UniversityGrenåDenmark
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Kazakov D, Shumkina A, Botvinkin A, Morozov O. Bat Swarming in the Eastern Palaearctic (Eastern Siberia). ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kazakov
- International Complex Research Laboratory for Study of Climate Change, Land Use and Biodiversity, Tyumen State University, 25 Lenin Street, 625003 Tуumen, Russia
| | - Alexandra Shumkina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution 'Zapovednoe Pribaikalye', 291b Baikalskaya Street, 664050 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Botvinkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krasnogo Vosstania Street, 664009 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Oleg Morozov
- Center of Children's Complementary Education and Evenkis' Folk Crafts, 2а Morozov Street, 671510 Bagdarin, Russia
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Population genetic structure of the Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale in the central Balkans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210321. [PMID: 30699143 PMCID: PMC6353099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Migratory behaviour, sociality and roost selection have a great impact on the population structure of one species. Many bat species live in groups, and movements between summer and hibernation sites are common in temperate bats. The Mediterranean horseshoe bat Rhinolophus euryale is a cave-dwelling species that exhibits roost philopatry and undertakes seasonal movements which are usually shorter than 50 km. Its distribution in Serbia is restricted to karstic areas in western and eastern parts of the country, with a lack of known roosts between them. In this study, microsatellite markers were used to evaluate genetic variation in this species in the Central Balkans. Specifically, spatial genetic structuring between geographic regions and relatedness within different colony types were assessed. All analysed loci were polymorphic, and there was no significant inbreeding coefficient recorded. A moderate degree of genetic differentiation among the sampled colonies was found, and significant isolation by distance was recorded. Our results revealed that populations show a tendency to segregate into three clusters. Unexpectedly, populations from Montenegro and Eastern Serbia tended to group into one cluster, while populations from Western Serbia and Slovenia represented second and third cluster, respectively. The majority of variance was partitioned within colonies, and only a small but significant portion among clusters. Average relatedness within colony members was close to zero, did not differ significantly between the different colony types, and kinship is unlikely to be a major grouping mechanism in this species.
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Filippi-Codaccioni O, Beugin MP, de Vienne DM, Portanier E, Fouchet D, Kaerle C, Muselet L, Queney G, Petit EJ, Regis C, Pons JB, Pontier D. Coexistence of two sympatric cryptic bat species in French Guiana: insights from genetic, acoustic and ecological data. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:175. [PMID: 30458712 PMCID: PMC6247516 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The distinction between lineages of neotropical bats from the Pteronotus parnellii species complex has been previously made according to mitochondrial DNA, and especially morphology and acoustics, in order to separate them into two species. In these studies, either sample sizes were too low when genetic and acoustic or morphological data were gathered on the same individuals, or genetic and other data were collected on different individuals. In this study, we intensively sampled bats in 4 caves and combined all approaches in order to analyse genetic, morphologic, and acoustic divergence between these lineages that live in the same caves in French Guiana. Results A multiplex of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers was developed using the 454-pyrosequencing technique to investigate for the first time the extent of reproductive isolation between the two lineages and the population genetic structure within lineages. We genotyped 748 individuals sampled between 2010 and 2015 at the 20 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequenced a portion of the cytochrome c oxydase I gene in a subset of these. Two distinct, non-overlapping haplogroups corresponding to cryptic species P. alitonus and P. rubiginosus were revealed, in accordance with previous findings. No spatial genetic structure between caves was detected for both species. Hybridization appeared to be quite limited (0.1–4%) using microsatellite markers whereas introgression was more common (7.5%) and asymmetric for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Conclusions The extremely low rate of hybridization could be explained by differences in life cycle phenology between species as well as morphological and acoustical distinction between sexes in one or the other species. Taken together, these results add to our growing understanding of the nature of species boundaries in Pteronotus parnelli, but deserve more in-depth studies to understand the evolutionary processes underlying asymmetric mtDNA introgression in this group of cryptic species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1289-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondine Filippi-Codaccioni
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,SEISE 26 bis Barrouil, 33720, Illats, France
| | - Marie-Pauline Beugin
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,ANTAGENE, Animal Genomics Laboratory, 6 allée du Levant, 69890, La Tour de Salvagny (Lyon), France
| | - Damien M de Vienne
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Elodie Portanier
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup - Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, BP 83, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France.,Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage - Unité Faune de Montagne, 147 Route de Lodève, Les Portes du Soleil, F-34990, Juvignac, France
| | - David Fouchet
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Cecile Kaerle
- ANTAGENE, Animal Genomics Laboratory, 6 allée du Levant, 69890, La Tour de Salvagny (Lyon), France
| | - Lina Muselet
- ANTAGENE, Animal Genomics Laboratory, 6 allée du Levant, 69890, La Tour de Salvagny (Lyon), France
| | - Guillaume Queney
- ANTAGENE, Animal Genomics Laboratory, 6 allée du Levant, 69890, La Tour de Salvagny (Lyon), France
| | - Eric J Petit
- UMR ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Regis
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pons
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Dominique Pontier
- University Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR5558, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Université de Lyon, LabEx Ecofect, Nadine Cizaire, 92 rue Pasteur, CS 30122 69361, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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8
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Greville LJ, Ceballos-Vasquez A, Valdizón-Rodríguez R, Caldwell JR, Faure PA. Wound healing in wing membranes of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J Greville
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - John R Caldwell
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paul A Faure
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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9
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Wright PGR, Hamilton PB, Schofield H, Glover A, Damant C, Davidson-Watts I, Mathews F. Genetic structure and diversity of a rare woodland bat, Myotis bechsteinii: comparison of continental Europe and Britain. CONSERV GENET 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-018-1053-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Stumpf M, Meier F, Grosche L, Halczok TK, Schaik JV, Kerth G. How Do Young Bats Find Suitable Swarming and Hibernation Sites? Assessing the Plausibility of the Maternal Guidance Hypothesis Using Genetic Maternity Assignment for two European Bat Species. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2017.19.2.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stumpf
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frauke Meier
- Echolot GbR, Eulerstasse 12, 48155 Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Grosche
- Echolot GbR, Eulerstasse 12, 48155 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja K. Halczok
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jaap Van Schaik
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Loitzerstrasse 26, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Bartoničková L, Reiter A, Bartonička T. Mating and Courtship Behaviour of Two Sibling Bat Species (Pipistrellus pipistrellus, P. pygmaeus) in the Vicinity of a Hibernaculum. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2016. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2016.18.2.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chattopadhyay B, Garg KM, Kumar AKV, Doss DPS, Rheindt FE, Kandula S, Ramakrishnan U. Genome-wide data reveal cryptic diversity and genetic introgression in an Oriental cynopterine fruit bat radiation. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:41. [PMID: 26892684 PMCID: PMC4757986 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Oriental fruit bat genus Cynopterus, with several geographically overlapping species, presents an interesting case study to evaluate the evolutionary significance of coexistence versus isolation. We examined the morphological and genetic variability of congeneric fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and C. brachyotis using 405 samples from two natural contact zones and 17 allopatric locations in the Indian subcontinent; and investigated the population differentiation patterns, evolutionary history, and the possibility of cryptic diversity in this species pair. Results Analysis of microsatellites, cytochrome b gene sequences, and restriction digestion based genome-wide data revealed that C. sphinx and C. brachyotis do not hybridize in contact zones. However, cytochrome b gene sequences and genome-wide SNP data helped uncover a cryptic, hitherto unrecognized cynopterine lineage in northeastern India coexisting with C. sphinx. Further analyses of shared variation of SNPs using Patterson’s D statistics suggest introgression between this lineage and C. sphinx. Multivariate analyses of morphology using genetically classified grouping confirmed substantial morphological overlap between C. sphinx and C. brachyotis, specifically in the high elevation contact zones in southern India. Conclusion Our results uncover novel diversity and detect a pattern of genetic introgression in a cryptic radiation of bats, demonstrating the complicated nature of lineage diversification in this poorly understood taxonomic group. Our results highlight the importance of genome-wide data to study evolutionary processes of morphologically similar species pairs. Our approach represents a significant step forward in evolutionary research on young radiations of non-model species that may retain the ability of interspecific gene flow. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0599-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India. .,Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Kritika M Garg
- Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - A K Vinoth Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
| | | | - Frank E Rheindt
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Sripathi Kandula
- School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
| | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Science, TIFR, Bangalore, India.
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Johnson LNL, McLeod BA, Burns LE, Arseneault K, Frasier TR, Broders HG. Population Genetic Structure Within and among Seasonal Site Types in the Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the Northern Long-Eared Bat (M. septentrionalis). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126309. [PMID: 25942425 PMCID: PMC4420266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During late summer and early autumn, temperate bats migrate from their summering sites to swarming sites, where mating likely occurs. However, the extent to which individuals of a single summering site migrate to the same swarming site, and vice versa, is not known. We examined the migratory connectivity between summering and swarming sites in two temperate, North American, bat species, the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and the northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis). Using mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA markers, we examined population structuring within and among summering and swarming sites. Both species exhibited moderate degrees of mitochondrial DNA differentiation (little brown bat: FST(SUMMER) = 0.093, FST(SWARMING) = 0.052; northern long-eared bat: FST(SUMMER) = 0.117, FST(SWARMING) = 0.043) and little microsatellite DNA differentiation among summering and among swarming sites[corrected]. Haplotype diversity was significantly higher at swarming sites than summering sites, supporting the idea that swarming sites are comprised of individuals from various summering sites. Further, pairwise analyses suggest that swarming sites are not necessarily comprised of only individuals from the most proximal summering colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N L Johnson
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Brenna A McLeod
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Nova Scotia Museum of Natural History, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lynne E Burns
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Krista Arseneault
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Timothy R Frasier
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hugh G Broders
- Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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14
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Burns LE, Broders HG. Who swarms with whom? Group dynamics of Myotis bats during autumn swarming. Behav Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arv017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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15
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Grilliot ME, Burnett SC, Mendonça MT. Sex and Season Differences in the Echolocation Pulses of Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and Their Relation to Mating Activity. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/150811014x687332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Burns LE, Frasier TR, Broders HG. Genetic connectivity among swarming sites in the wide ranging and recently declining little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus). Ecol Evol 2014; 4:4130-49. [PMID: 25505539 PMCID: PMC4242565 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing movement dynamics and spatial aspects of gene flow within a species permits inference on population structuring. As patterns of structuring are products of historical and current demographics and gene flow, assessment of structure through time can yield an understanding of evolutionary dynamics acting on populations that are necessary to inform management. Recent dramatic population declines in hibernating bats in eastern North America from white-nose syndrome have prompted the need for information on movement dynamics for multiple bat species. We characterized population genetic structure of the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus, at swarming sites in southeastern Canada using 9 nuclear microsatellites and a 292-bp region of the mitochondrial genome. Analyses of F ST, ΦST, and Bayesian clustering (STRUCTURE) found weak levels of genetic structure among swarming sites for the nuclear and mitochondrial genome (Global F ST = 0.001, P < 0.05, Global ΦST = 0.045, P < 0.01, STRUCTURE K = 1) suggesting high contemporary gene flow. Hierarchical AMOVA also suggests little structuring at a regional (provincial) level. Metrics of nuclear genetic structure were not found to differ between males and females suggesting weak asymmetries in gene flow between the sexes. However, a greater degree of mitochondrial structuring does support male-biased dispersal long term. Demographic analyses were consistent with past population growth and suggest a population expansion occurred from approximately 1250 to 12,500 BP, following Pleistocene deglaciation in the region. Our study suggests high gene flow and thus a high degree of connectivity among bats that visit swarming sites whereby mainland areas of the region may be best considered as one large gene pool for management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E Burns
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Life Sciences Centre 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada
| | - Timothy R Frasier
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Hugh G Broders
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
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Furmankiewicz J, Duma K, Manias K, Borowiec M. Reproductive Status and Vocalisation in Swarming Bats Indicate a Mating Function of Swarming and an Extended Mating Period inPlecotus auritus. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.3161/150811013x678991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bogdanowicz W, Piksa K, Tereba A. Hybridization hotspots at bat swarming sites. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53334. [PMID: 23300912 PMCID: PMC3532499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During late summer and early autumn in temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere, thousands of bats gather at caves, mainly for the purpose of mating. We demonstrated that this swarming behavior most probably leads not only to breeding among bats of the same species but also interbreeding between different species. Using 14 nuclear microsatellites and three different methods (the Bayesian assignment approaches of STRUCTURE and NEWHYBRIDS and a principal coordinate analysis of pairwise genetic distances), we analyzed 375 individuals belonging to three species of whiskered bats (genus Myotis) at swarming sites across their sympatric range in southern Poland. The overall hybridization rate varied from 3.2 to 7.2%. At the species level, depending on the method used, these values ranged from 2.1-4.6% in M. mystacinus and 3.0-3.7% in M. brandtii to 6.5-30.4% in M. alcathoe. Hybrids occurred in about half of the caves we studied. In all three species, the sex ratio of hybrids was biased towards males but the observed differences did not differ statistically from those noted at the population level. In our opinion, factors leading to the formation of these admixed individuals and their relatively high frequency are: i) swarming behaviour at swarming sites, where high numbers of bats belonging to several species meet; ii) male-biased sex ratio during the swarming period; iii) the fact that all these bats are generally polygynous. The highly different population sizes of different species at swarming sites may also play some role. Swarming sites may represent unique hybrid hotspots, which, as there are at least 2,000 caves in the Polish Carpathians alone, may occur on a massive scale not previously observed for any group of mammal species in the wild. Evidently, these sites should be treated as focal points for the conservation of biodiversity and evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Bogdanowicz
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.
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